• 대한조선학회지
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.43-47
• /
• 1984

The purpose of this paper is to investigate theoretically the effect of residual stress due to welding in stress intensity factor of a plate containing the Model I Crack in different crack size and location, and on fatigue crack growth rate. The initiation of crack is found to be possible only in the region of tensile residual stress. The most dangerous crack has the values of d/b and a/b equal to about 0.6 and 1.0, respectively, where d/b is the ratio of distance from the crack to welding bead and the width of tensile residual stress region and a/b is the ratio of crack length and tensile residual stress region. The crack perpendicular to and on the line of welding bead and with a/b equal to about 0.6 has maximum stress intensity factor. The theoretical fatigue crack growth rate under residual stress and applied stress, which is obtained from Forman's Law by stress superposition, is relatively in good agreement with Glinka's[8] experimental value. The fatigue crack growth is shown to be retarded due to residual stress distribution.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.48-56
• /
• 2006

The fatigue strength of the welds is affected by such factors as the weld geometry, microstructures, tensile properties and residual stresses caused by fabrication. It is very important to evaluate the structural integrity of the welds in nuclear power plant because the weldment undergoes the most of damage and failure mechanisms. In this study, the fatigue assessments for a reactor vessel outlet nozzle with the weldment to the piping system are performed considering the welding residual stresses as well as the effect of local brittle zone in the vicinity of the weld fusion line. The analytical approaches employed are the microstructure and mechanical properties prediction by semi-analytical method, the thermal and stress analysis including the welding residual stress analysis by finite element method, the fatigue life assessment by following the ASME Code rules. The calculated results of cumulative usage factors(CUF) are compared for cases of the elastic and elasto-plastic analysis, and with or without residual stress and local brittle zone effects, respectively. Finally, the fatigue life of reactor vessel outlet nozzle weld is slightly affected by the local brittle zone and welding residual stresses.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.53-61
• /
• 1993

One of the most interesting and promising steel groups considered for the rocket motor case, aircraft and aerospace component is the maraging(martensitic plus aging) nickel steel, developed by International Nickel Company in 1960. This material attains a very high strength with good fracture toughness by simple heat treatments which do not involve a quenching. Full strength can be obtained by "maraging" at 480.deg. for 3 hours for the 18% Ni maraging steel. The effect of heat treatments was considered on the residual stress field of 18% Ni maraging steel weldments. In experiments, various heat treatments such as stress relieve heat treatment, aging and solution heat treatment were carried out of the GTA weldments and the residual stresses were measured by using the hole drilling method. Whereas the conventional pattern of residual stress shows the stresses to be maximum along the weld centerline with tensile stress extending into the heat affected zone, the pattern in maraging steels shows the centerline stress to be compressive. After welding, a series of aging, solution heat treatment and solution heat treatment plus aging treatment were carried out and the residual stresses were measured to reveal that these heat treatments almost completely remove the welding residual stresses.

• 상하수도학회지
• /
• 제33권6호
• /
• pp.413-420
• /
• 2019

Pretreatment system of desalination process using seawater reverse osmosis(SWRO) membrane is the most critical step in order to prevent membrane fouling. One of the methods is coagulation-UF membrane process. Coagulation-UF membrane systems have been shown to be very efficient in removing turbidity and non-soluble and colloidal organics contained in the source water for SWRO pretreatment. Ferric salt coagulants are commonly applied in coagulation-UF process for pretreatment of SWRO process. But aluminum salts have not been applied in coagulation-UF pretreatment of SWRO process due to the SWRO membrane fouling by residual aluminum. This study was carried out to see the effect of residual matal salt on SWRO membrane followed by coagulation-UF pretreatment process. Experimental results showed that increased residual aluminum salts by coagulation-UF pretreatment process by using alum lead to the decreased SWRO membrane salt rejection and flux. As the salt rejection and flux of SWRO membrane decreased, the concentration of silica and residual aluminum decreased. However, when adjusting coagulation pH for coagulation-UF pretreatment process, the residual aluminum salt concentration was decreased and SWRO membrane flux was increased.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
• /
• 제22권6호
• /
• pp.557-564
• /
• 2009

용접과정 중 발생되는 인장잔류응력은 원전 배관 이종용접부의 PWSCC가 발생되는 원인 중 하나라고 알려져 있다. 일반적으로 보수용접은 용접과정 중 흔히 일어나는 현상이다. 보수용접은 강한 인장잔류응력을 유도하기 때문에 이종용접부의 PWSCC를 유도하기 쉽다. 본 논문에서는 강한 인장잔류응력이 발생되는 보수용접부에 대해 보수용접 깊이에 따라 동종용접과 예방용접 overlay로 인하여 인장잔류응력의 크기가 변화하는 것을 정량적으로 확인하였다.

• 소성∙가공
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.162-167
• /
• 2017

The tensile surface residual stress in the multi-pass drawn wire deteriorates the mechanical properties of the wire. Therefore, the evaluation of the residual stress is very important. Especially, the axial residual stress on the wire surface is the highest. Therefore, the objective of this study was to propose an axial surface residual stress prediction model of the multi-pass drawn steel wire. In order to achieve this objective, an elastoplastic finite element (FE) analysis was carried out to investigate the effect of semi-die angle and reduction ratio of the axial surface residual stress. By using the results of the FE analysis, a surface residual stress prediction model was proposed. In order to verify the effectiveness of the prediction model, the predicted residual stress was compared to that of a wire drawing experiment.

• 한국분말야금학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국분말야금학회 2006년도 Extended Abstracts of 2006 POWDER METALLURGY World Congress Part 1
• /
• pp.566-567
• /
• 2006

The characteristics of residual stresses occurring in PM steel based nickel (FLN2-4405) was investigated. The measurements of residual stresses were carried out by electrochemical layer removal technique. The values and distributions of residual stresses occurring in PM steel processed under various densities and heat treatment conditions were determined. In most of the experiments, tensile residual stresses were recorded in surface of samples. The residual stress distribution on the surface of the PM steels is affected by the heat treatment conditions and density. Maximum values of residual stresses on the surface were observed sinter hardened condition and $7.4\;g/cm^3$ density. Minimum level of recorded tensile residual stresses are150 MPa and its maximum level is 370 MPa.

• 한국압력기기공학회 논문집
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.61-68
• /
• 2022

Accurate evaluation of residual stress is important for stress corrosion cracking assessment. In this paper, electron beam welding experiment is simulated via finite element analysis and the sensitivity of the parameters related to the combined heat source model is investigated. Predicted residual stresses arecompared with measured residual stresses. It is found that the welding efficiency affects the size of the tensile residual stress area and the magnitude of maximum longitudinal residual stress. It is also found that the parameter related to the ratio of energy distributed to the two-dimensional heat source has little effect on the size of tthe tensile residual stress area, but affects the size of the longitudinal residual stress in the center of the weld.

• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국복합재료학회 2003년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
• /
• pp.146-149
• /
• 2003

Two-way shape memory effect(TWSME) under residual stresses are considered in the present study. The structure using two-way shape memory alloy(SMA) concept returns to its initial shape by increasing or decreasing temperature under the initially given residual stress. In the present study, we use a thermo-mechanical constitutive equation of SMA and laminated composite plates are considered as simple morphing structural components which are based on first order shear deformable laminated composite plate with large deflection. Numerical results of fully coupled SMA-composite structures are presented

• 한국기계가공학회지
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.16-21
• /
• 2018

The effect of heat treatment on the fatigue crack growth behavior in welded joints between the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of SA 508 Cl.3 low-alloy steel and HAZ of AISI 316L stainless steel is investigated. When the crack propagates across SA 508 Cl.3 or AISI 316L SS and HAZ into the weldment, the fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) in the HAZ region does not change or decrease despite the increase in stress intensity factor ${\Delta}K$. The residual stress at the HAZ region is more compressive than that at the base Δ materials and weldment. The effect of the welding residual stress on the crack growth behavior is determined by performing a residual stress relief heat treatment at $650^{\circ}C$ for 1h and subsequent furnace cooling. The FCG behavior in the HAZ region in the as-welded specimen and the residual stress relief heat-treated specimen is discussed in terms of the welding residual stress.