• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.142-147
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• 2013

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to monitor residual pesticides in domestic agricultural products and to assess their risk to human health. METHODS AND RESULTS: 123 samples containing both general and environment-friendly certified agricultural products were purchased from traditional domestic markets and supermarkets in six provinces of Korea. Multiresidue analyses of one hundred twenty-two pesticides except for herbicides were performed with gas chromatography-electron capture detector, gas chromatography-nitrogen/phosphorus detector, and high-performance liquid chromatography. Sixteen pesticides were detected in 45 agricultural product samples, which were 38 general, 6 low pesticide and 1 of GAP agricultural product samples and the detection rate was 33.6%. Pesticides detected in agricultural product samples were cypermethrin, lufenuron, fenvalerate, bifenthrin, chlorfenapyr and iprodione. Residual concentration of 18 samples were exceeded the recommended maximum residue limit set by Ministry of Food and Drug Safety and two kinds of unregistered pesticides in korea were also detected in two samples. CONCLUSION(S): In order to do risk assessment by agricultural products consumption, estimated daily intake of residual pesticides were determined and compared to acceptable daily intake, referring to %ADI values. The range of %ADI values was from 0.038% to 2.748%. Taken together, it demonstrates the pesticides found in agricultural products samples were below the safety margin, indicating no effect on human health.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.312-318
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• 2016

This study investigated the reduction of residual pesticide in soil by using eight kinds of soil amendments such as shell, quick lime, dolomite, silicic acid, leaf mold, oil cake, bed soil and husk. A total of ten pesticides most frequently detected in agricultural soil were selected (azoxystrobin etc.) and soil amendments were treated in soils at a 2% application rate and incubated for 7 days. Pesticides were analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS with QuEChERS-based sample preparation procedure and pH was measured on 1, 3 and 7 days. This study showed that, soil amemdments were effective in reducing pesticides after 7days of incubation. Over 90% of azoxystrobin, cadusafos, chlorpyrifos, fluquinconazole, imidacloprid, isoprothiolane and procymidone were decomposed from soils amended with 2% quick lime, whereas the concentration of boscalid, dimethomorph and triycyclazole were not decreased. The soil pH increased to 12.8-12.9 in soil amended with quick lime, but other soil conditioners did not change the soil pH. Quick lime was particularly effective in reducing residual pesticides.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.257-260
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• 2012

Sundried salt was recently registered in food category in Korea in 2008, and food hygiene regulation only applied to several heavy metals and a few inorganic ions. In this report, we investigated the residual amounts of tricyclazole, a highly concerned contaminant from agricultural activity, and estimated their daily intake and hazard index. All 60 sundried salts were collected by region, and qualitatively and quantitatively were analyzed with GC-NPD. In this investigation, only three samples were confirmed the residual tricyclazole in sundried salts. Their maximum residue was $1.7{\mu}g/kg$, and their estimated average daily intake was $2.40{\times}10^{-8}{\sim}6.22{\times}10^{-8}mg/kg-day$. From these results, HI of tricyclazole for sundried salts was $7.53{\times}10^{-7}{\sim}2.07{\times}10^{-6}$ for Koreans, and the values were not considered as serious risk issues currently.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2021

The monitoring of residual pesticides in dried chili peppers and chili powders, which are circulated in Seoul from 2018 to 2019, was conducted for safety evaluation. As a result of analyzing for 71 kinds of pesticide residues in 101 cases of samples, pesticides were detected in 87 samples; however, no samples exceeded the MRLs (Maximum Residue Limits). Detection rates of pesticides in dried chili peppers and chili powders were 73.3% and 91.5%, respectively. The detection rate of residual pesticides in chili powders was a little higher than that in dried chili peppers. Twelve types of pesticides were detected, however, those pesticides were acceptable to use on peppers, according to the Crop Protection Guidelines. The most frequently detected pesticide was pyraclostrobin followed by flubendiamide, azoxystrobin, and chlorantraniliprole. The risk for detected pesticides was estimated as the ratio of ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake) to food intake rate. The ADI value resulting by intake of dried chili peppers and chili powders was in the range of 5.66E-05 to 3.34E-02, which was within a safe level.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.335-349
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• 2011

100 residual pesticides in 1,565 medicinal herbs being on sale in Seoul was analyzed by a simultaneous multiresidue method. The recovery ratio was 71.0~119.7%. The detection rate of pesticide residues was 5.3% and the rate of excess to Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) was 0.9% of the total samples. The medicinal herbs which had the high detection rate of residual pesticides were Alismatis Rhizoma, Citri Unshii Pericarpium, Lycii Fructus and Zyzyphi Fructus. The medicinal herbs detected pesticide over Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) were Alismatis Rhizoma (4), Cnidii Rhizomain (4), Chrysanthemi Zawadski Herba (1), Citri Unshii Pericarpium (1), Lycii Radix Cortex (1), Menthae Herba (1), Schisandrae Fructus (1) and Taraxaci Herba (1). The residual pesticides which had the high detection frequency were cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos, phenthoate, endosulfan, isoprothiolane, chlorothalonil and chlorfenapyr. Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) of detected pesticides was compared to Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) in order to assess risk. Ethoprophos detected in Cnidii Rhizomain showed the highest %ADI, 26.85. And pyraclofos and endosulfan in Cnidii Rhizomain, endosulfan and isoprothiolane in Alismatis Rhizoma and cyprodinil in Taraxaci Herba showed more than 1 %ADI, but others showed below 1 %ADI.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.314-320
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• 2014

The uptake and transportation patterns of the residual boscalid and chlorfenapyr were investigated from the soils to Korean cabbages. The recovery rates of the pesticides spiked in the soils and Korean cabbages were 87.5 to 105.2%. Korean cabbages were cultivated in soils treated with two different concentrations of the pesticides as low (3.0 mg/kg) and high (6.0 mg/kg) concentrations in greenhouse for 28 days. The initial level of boscalid was determined as 2.77 and 5.66 mg/kg for the low and high concentration of boscalid-treated soils, respectively. After 28 days of treatment, the residual boscalid in soils decreased to 0.53 and 1.60 mg/kg for the low and high concentration of boscalid-treated soils, respectively, and thus it was reduced to 71.7 to 81.9%. The initial level of chlorfenapyr was determined as 2.38 and 6.43 mg/kg for the low and high concentration of chlorfenapyr-treated soils, respectively. After 28 days of treatment, the residual chlorfenapyr in soils decreased to 1.36 and 2.91 mg/kg for the low and high concentration-treated soils, respectively, and thus it was reduced to 42.9 to 54.8%. The residual pesticide analysis was done with 2 day intervals from 21 days-cultivated Korean cabbages after seeding. Uptake rates of boscalid from the soil to Korean cabbages were 2.4 and 2.2% for the low- and high-concentration of boscalid-treated soil, respectively. However, the uptake rate of chlorfenapyr by the cabbages was 1.5 and 1.3% for the low and high concentration-treated soil, respectively. The uptake rate of chlorfenapyr by the cabbages was lower than that of boscalid. These results showed that the residual pesticides in soil could be absorbed by Korean cabbages depending on their physicochemical properties.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.97-105
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• 2017

This study was carried out to determine residual characteristics and to evaluate safety of bifenthrin, carbendazim and metconazole in minor crop, Angelica gigas Nakai. The test pesticides were sprayed onto the crop according to the combinations of spray days before harvest and frequency and then sampling was performed at the harvest day. Non-systemic pesticide bifenthrin was not detected in all samples, whereas systemic pesticides, carbendazim and metconazole, were detected from the crop in the range of from 0.14 to 0.49 and from 0.19 to 0.26, respectively. These results indicated that residual characteristics of the test pesticides in Angelica gigas Nakai were affected by their systemic properties. Also, residual concentration of carbendazim and metconazole in the crop was increased as more spraying frequency and spraying more closer to harvest day. And residual concentration of carbendazim in the crop on the last spraying day was 2.1 times higher than that of metconazole because nominal spraying dose of carbendazim was higher than that of metconazole by 1.9 times. The residue levels of the test pesticides in the crop were evaluated to be safe, considering their %ADIs were less than 0.9%.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.178-184
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• 2013

Residual toxicity test to honeybee was conducted to evaluate an indirect effects on honeybee after planting hole application of systemic insecticides which were highly toxic to honeybee (Apis mellifera). In this study, It was applied three application rates in the planting hole by three systemic insecticides, dinotefuran GR, imidacloprid GR and clothianidin GR at planting time of tomato. Residual analysis of foliage was carried out after periodic sampling the foliage and investigated the effects of exposed honeybee on the tomato foliage. The honeybee mortality by dinotefuran residues on the foliage was shown almost 100% at 7 days after treatment and decreased 17 days after treatment. The maximum mortality of honeybee by imidacloprid residues on the foliage was 44 ~ 72%. But the effect of pesticide lasted for 18 days and then decreased. The honeybee mortality by clothianidin residues on the foliage was 100% at 7 days after treatment and decreased 14 days after treatment. A tendency of the honeybee mortality and residue in foliage showed a similar character as time goes by. The residues in tomato foliage decreased gradually after 14 days by vigorous growth of tomatoes and the toxic effect of honeybee was significantly decreased after 21 days in actual usage of the treatment.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.14-21
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• 2015

To determine residual characteristics of azoxystrobin in ginseng under different cultivation conditions such as use of straw mat on cultivation soil and filling gap between ginseng stem and soil surface and also to elucidate its approximate behavior after spraying, 20% azoxystrobin suspension concentrate solution was sprayed 4 times onto 5-year-old ginseng with 10 days interval at a application rate of about 200 L/10 a and then residues in samples were analyzed. The residue level was lower in case of use of straw mat and filling the gap with soil than in case of no use of straw mat and no filling the gap, representing that use of straw mat and filling the gap with soil were contributed to decrease of pesticide residues in ginseng. A large portion of the test pesticide distributed onto ginseng leaf with a higher specific surface area. The amounts of azoxystrobin residues decreased in ginseng leaf, while increased on soil surface, as close to harvest. About 0.1% of azoxystrobin sprayed was distributed in ginseng root and 12.7-20.4% (mean 16.6%) of azoxystrobin could be decreased for dietary intake by removing of rhizome from ginseng root before intake.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.277-283
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• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of ozone treatment on the growth and pesticide-residual contents of soybean sprouts during cultivation. Total weight and length of the soybean sprouts treated by 0.3 ppm ozone water for 30min during soaking of soybean increased 27% and 19% higher than those of control group, respectively. But 27% of root weight decreased. No major differences in growth state were observed between the treatments during soaking and watering with ozone water, and watering with ozone water. Pesticide residues in soybeans treated with carbendazim, captain, diazinon, fenthim, dichlorvos and chlorpyrifos ranged from 4.75 to 8.35 ppm. The pesticides in soybean sprouts by the treatment of soaking and watering with water for 5 days, those by 0.3 ppm ozone-water watering, and those by soaking and watering with 0.3 ppm ozone water were destroyed to $85{\sim}99$, $89{\sim}100$ and $94{\sim}100%$, respectively. The order of degradation ratio in the pesticides was captan>dichlorvos>fenthion>carbendazin>diazinon>chlorpyrifos.