• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.85-93
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• 2008

대심도 연약지반에 설치되는 말뚝은 말뚝의 길이가 길어져 지반지지력이 크므로 극한 지지력의 확인이 힘들고, 부마찰력에 의해 큰 잔류하중이 발생하기 때문에 하중전이시험을 수행하더라도 정확한 하중전이곡선을 산정하기 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 연약지반에 설치된 PHC 항타 말뚝을 대상으로 선단지지력과 주면마찰력을 분리측정할 수 있고 극한 지지력을 확인하기 용이한 하중전이 양방향 재하시험을 수행하였다. 말뚝설치 직후부터 말뚝변형률을 지속적으로 계측하여 잔류하중을 결정하였다. 잔류하중의 영향을 고려하여 참지지력과 참 하중-변위 곡선을 분석하였다. 이를 바탕으로 잔류하중이 포함된 주면마찰력에 대한 하중-변위 거동모형을 제안하였다. 결과적으로, 점토지반에 설치되는 장대말뚝의 재하실험 결과에 대한 정확한 분석을 위해서는 잔류하중을 고려하여야 한다는 것을 입증하였다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.28-33
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the redistribution of transverse residual stress in the multi-pass FCA butt weld of YP47 in the hatch coaming top plate of ultra large size containership under the tensile cyclic load. In order to do it, the configuration of modified H type specimen including restraint length was first designed to simulate the restraint condition of the butt weld in hatch coaming top plate. FE analysis procedure for evaluating the transverse residual stress was verified by comparing the calculated mean and surface residual stresses with the measured results in the test specimen. After that, the effect of the cyclic load on the redistribution of transverse residual stress was evaluated by comprehensive FEA. From the results, it was found that although the maximum transverse residual stress decreased with an increase in the applied maximum load, the effect of the cyclic load on the mean residual stress is small enough to be negligible. It is because the maximum stress of the ship corresponding to the probability of 10E-8 is less than 70% of yield stress of the weld.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.820-823
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• 2002

MEMS structures Generally have been fabricated using surface-machining, but the interface failure between silicon substrate and evaporated thin film frequently takes place due to difference of linear coefficient of thermal expansion. Therefore this paper studied the effect of the residual stress caused by variable external loads. This study did not analyzed accurate quantity of the residual stress but trend for the effect of residual stress. Several specimens were fabricated using other material(Al, Au and Cu) and thermal load was applied. The residual stress was measured by nano-indentation using AFM. The results showed the existence of the residual stress due to thermal load. The indentation area of the thermal loaded thin film reduced about 3.5% comparing with the virgin thin film caused by residual stress. The finite element analysis results are similar to indentation test.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.1270-1279
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• 2002

Residual stress is a dominant obstacle to efficient production and safe usage of device by deteriorating the mechanical strength and failure properties. Therefore, we proposed a new thin film stress-analyzing technique using a nanoindentation method. For this aim, the shape change in the indentation load-depth curve during the stress-relief in film was theoretically modeled. The change in indentation depth by load-controlled stress relaxation process was related to the increase or decrease in the applied load using the elastic flat punch theory. Finally, the residual stress in thin film was calculated from the changed applied load based on the equivalent stress interaction model. The evaluated stresses for diamond-like carbon films from this nanoindentation analysis were consistent with the results from the conventional curvature method.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2005

말뚝을 설계함에 있어 극한지지력을 산정하는 것만으로는 말뚝의 장기 거동에 있어서의 하중분포를 고려할 수 없으므로 재하시험시 변형률계나 응력계를 사용하여 말뚝의 하중 재하에 따른 주면저항(the shaft resistance)의 분포를 측정하고 있다. 그러나 대부분의 재하시험시 하중이 '0'일 때를 'zero time'으로 하여 계측기의 값을 읽는 'zero reading'을 가정함으로써 현장타설말뚝이나 항타말뚝의 시공시 발생된 잔류응력(the residual stress 또는 the residual load)을 무시하고 있다. 이러한 'zero reading'의 가정은 말뚝 시공시 발생하는 말뚝 하방향으로의 부주면마찰력인 잔류응력을 고려하지 않으므로 실제 말뚝주면의 하중분포와는 다른 결과를 보이게 된다. 본 연구에서는 현장에 시험시공된 현장타설말뚝에 대하여 정재하시험을 수행하였고, 말뚝 주면의 하중분포 측정시 변형률계를 사용하여 콘크리트 타설 직후부터 계측을 실시함으로써 말뚝 시공에 따른 잔류응력을 측정하였다. 그 결과, 잔류응력이 고려된 경우는 초기에 부의 응력상태를 보이나 하중이 재하됨에 따라 부주면마찰력이 극복되면서 양의 주면마찰력으로 전환됨을 알 수 있었으나, 'zero reading'의 경우는 양의 주면마찰력 만을 보였다.

• 한국레이저가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국레이저가공학회 2006년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.3-8
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• 2006

The integrity of laser welded structures is decided with fracture strength and fatigue strength. This study presents fracture behavior considering residual stress in the laser welding. Experiments are conducted and analyses are performed to explore the influence of residual stress on fracture behavior of bead-on laser welded compact specimen. Fracture experiments are performed using ASTM 1820. The performed analyses included thermo-elasto-plastic analyses for residual stress and subsequent J-integral calculation. A modified J integral is calculated in the presence of residual stresses. The J-integral is path-independent for combination of residual stress field and stress due to mechanical loading. The results indicates that the tensile residual stress near crack front bring the low fracture load while the compressive residual stress bring the high fracture load compared to no residual stress specimen. These results quantitatively understand the influence of residual stress on fracture behavior.

• 한국레이저가공학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2008

The integrity of laser welded structures is decided in fracture strength and fatigue strength. This study made an effort to understand the fracture behavior considering residual stress. Experiments are conducted and analyses are performed to explore the influence of residual stress on fracture behavior of bead-on laser welded compact specimen. Fracture experiments are performed using ASTM 1820. The performed analyses included thermo-elasto-plastic analyses for residual stress and subsequent J-integral calculation. A modified J integral is calculated in the presence of residual stresses. The J-integral is path-independent for combination of residual stress field and stress due to mechanical loading. The results indicates that the tensile residual stress near crack front bring the low fracture load while the compressive residual stress bring the high fracture load compared to no residual stress specimen. These results quantitatively understand the influence of residual stress on fracture behavior.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제9권1호통권30호
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• pp.51-63
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• 1997

Highly curved steel-box bridges are usually constructed as ramp structures for the highway interchange and metropolitan elevated highway junction, but a number of these bridges are deteriorated and damaged to a significant degree due to heavy traffic. The main objective of the study is to develop a practical reliability-based assessment of safety and residual load carrying-capacity of existing curved steel-box ramp bridges. In the paper, for the realistic assessment of safety and residual load carrying-capacity of deteriorated and/or damaged curved steel-box bridges, an interactive non-linear limit state model is formulated based on the von Mises's combined stress yield criterion. It is demonstrated that the proposed model is effective for the assessment of reliability-based safety and the evaluation of residual load carrying-capacity of curved steel-box bridges. In addition, this study comparatively shows the applicability of various reliability analysis methods, and suggests a practical and effective one to be used in practice.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2011년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.119-120
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• 2011

Recently, the effects of high temperature and fiber content on the residual mechnical properties of high-strength concrete were experimentally investigated. In this paper, residual mechanical properties of concrete with water to cement (w/c) ratios of 55%, 42% and 32% exposed to high temperature are compared with those obtained in fiber reinforced concretes of similar characteristics with the ranging of 0,05% to 0,20% polypropylene (PP) fibers by volume of concrete, and considered factors include pre-load levels (20% and 40% of the maximum load at room temperature). Outbreak time and water contents were tested and were determined the compressive strength. In the result, it is showed that to prevent the explosive spalling of 50MPa grade concretes exposed to high temperature need more than 0.05Vol.% PP fibers. Also, the cross-sectional area of PP fiber can influence on the residual mechanical properties and the spalling tendency of fiber reinforced concrete exposed to high temperature. Especially, the external loading increases not only the residual mechanical properties of concrete but also the risk of spalling and the brittle tendency.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2005년도 ICCAS
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• pp.1409-1412
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• 2005

Therefore this study focused on developing real-time system, which makes it possible for nurses to check the residual quantity and changing time of Ringer's solution in nurses' room. Load Cell is utilized as a sensor to check the residual quantity of Ringer's solution. This Load Cell detects the physical changes of Ringer's solution and transfers electronic signal to the amplifier. Amplified analog signal is converted into digital signal by A/D converter. Developed Embedded system, which computes these data with microprocess(8052) then makes it possible to monitor the residual quantity of Ringer's solution real-time on a server computer. A Checking system on Residual Quantity of Ringer's Solution Using Load cell cut costs using a simple design for a circuit