• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.85-90
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• 2013

This study is an attempt to quantify rainwater utilization and miscellaneous water demand in Tokyo's 23 special wards, the core of the urban area in Tokyo, Japan, in order to elucidate the potential of further rainwater utilization. The rainwater utilization for miscellaneous appropriate water demands, including toilet flushing, air conditioning, and garden irrigation, were calculated for six different types of building: residential house, office, department store, supermarket, restaurant, and accommodation. Miscellaneous water demands in these different types of building were expressed in terms of equivalent rainfall of 767, 1,133, 3,318, 1,887, 16,574, and 2,227 (mm/yr), respectively, compared with 1,528 mm of Tokyo's average annual precipitation. Building types, numbers and its height were considered in this study area using geographic information system data to quantify miscellaneous water demands and the amount of rainwater utilization in each ward. Area precipitation-demand ratio was used to measure rainwater utilization potential for miscellaneous water demands. Office and commercial areas, such as Chiyoda ward, showed rainwater utilization potentials of <0.3, which was relatively low compared to those wards where many residential houses are located. This is attributed to the relatively high miscellaneous water demand. In light of rainwater utilization based on building level, the introduction of rainwater storage mechanisms with a storage depth of 50 mm for six different types of buildings was considered, and calculated as rainfall of 573, 679, 819, 766, 930, and 787 (mm), respectively. Total rainwater utilization using such storage facilities in each building from 23 wards resulted in the retention of 102,760,000 $m^3$ of water for use in miscellaneous applications annually, and this volume corresponded to 26.3% of annual miscellaneous water demand.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.335-341
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• 2007

농업생태계 내 수서곤충류의 주 서식지는 연중 수계가 유지되는 연못, 농수로, 저수지 등으로 확인되었다. 조사지역별 곤충 출현 종수는 무비무농약지역이 친환경농업지역 및 관행농업지역에 비해 많았고 오염원 유입지역인 주거 및 공단지역의 경우 현저히 낮은 경향을 보였으며, 동일 지역 내에서는 연못이 수로에 비해 높게 나타났다. 농업생태계 건전도를 평가할 수 있는 지표종으로 물방개(Cybister japonicus), 검정물방개(Cybister brevis), 자색물방개(Hyphydrus japonicus), 알물방개(Noterus angustulus) 등 4종을 선발하였다. 환경평가 요인으로는 지표곤충으로 선발한 4종의 출현종 수, 대상지역 내에서 물방개류 전체 출현종 수 및 다양도 지수 등 3개 요인으로 설정하였으며, 평가 등급은 최상의 환경보전 지역을 I등급, 우량 환경지역을 II등급, 최소한의 환경지역으로 개선이 요구되는 지역을 III등급, 불량환경 지역으로 시급한 개선이 요구되는 지역을 IV등급으로 구분하였다.

• 약학회지
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.415-423
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• 2007

This study was to evaluate the genotoxic effects of airborne particulate matters using single cell gell elec trophoresis (comet assay) in A549 human lung carcinoma cells. The total suspended particulate (TSP) was collected on back-up filter in Chuncheon, Kangwon Do, South Korea from April, 2003 to February, 2005. The concentrations of TSP, B(a)p and most of heavy metals seemed to be higher in spring and winter, and lower in summer. And they showed higher concentration in the commercial areas and the residential area having more traffics than in the rural area. It was found that A549 cells interacting with the organic extract of TSP showed more DNA single-strand breaks compare to untreated cells. The genotoxicity of the organic extract of TSP was increased with the pre-treatment of S-9 mixture during the culture or with the treatment of endonuclease after cell lysis. The DNA damage by the organic extract of TSP was higher in winter and the commercial area than in summer and the rural area. This study suggests that TSP, heavy metals and B(a)P analyzed showed significant variation depend on the seasons and the areas which are correlated with the DNA damage evaluated by Comet assay, indicating that genotoxic biomarker is useful for toxicological evaluation of air quality.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.330-338
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• 2021

Background: This study was conducted to provide background information for the proper management of radon contamination in apartments using mechanical ventilation facilities in residential environments. Objectives: To this end, this study compared and evaluated changes in radon concentrations based on different operating intensities of mechanical ventilation with or without natural ventilation. Methods: For the continuous measurement of radon concentrations, an RAD7 instrument was installed in four apartments equipped with a ventilation system. The measurements were done for comparison of ventilation types and different ventilation intensities ("high", "middle", "low"). Results: The results confirmed that both mechanical and natural ventilation sufficiently reduced the radon concentration in the apartments. In particular, mechanical ventilation at "high" intensity was the most effective. Natural ventilation combined with mechanical ventilation and then natural ventilation alone were the second and the third most effective, respectively. Conclusions: When using ventilation to reduce indoor radon concentrations, it is most effective to operate mechanical ventilation ("high") or natural ventilation and mechanical ventilation at the same time. In cases where mechanical ventilation is available alone, it is recommended to operate it at a minimum of "middle" intensity.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2014

Plenty of efforts have been made in the traditional architecture of Korea, Hanok, to develop various elements such as restoration, the introduction of new design, and energy-saving while systemic setups on standard and evaluation of eco-friendly energy design of Hanok are lacking. If we evaluate energy performance based on current standards without reflecting unique features of Hanok on the system, Hanok will be included in the very low grade among the residential buildings being included in the approval system of eco-friendly architecture or the unique features will be modified and the burden of increased construction cost. Therefore, this study is to prepare the basic reference for the introductory evaluation system by evaluating the energy performance level of NEO-Hanok based on the current building energy rating system. The result for NEO-Hanok based on the building energy rating system, we propose the rating standard with scorecard elements of NEO-Hanok by considering the necessity of identity and standard for NEO-Hanok. As a result of infiltration test to check the tightness, it was measured as 10.81 times/h (50 ACH). As we switch from the main insulation for the wall from the glass wool 64k(0.035W/mk) to rigid polyurethane foam first class first unit (0.024W/mk), the result was slightly increased from the first demand quantity rating yield $249.8kWh/m^2{\cdot}yr$ to $235.0kWh/m^2{\cdot}yr$. Current certificate system is focused more on the heating load than the cooling load, it is disadvantageous for Hanok, which has less cooling energy consumption in summer. The rating result from the target building study is level 4.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.513-528
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• 2018

주거 환경에 IoT 기술을 융합한 스마트홈 환경에서 스마트홈 허브는 다양한 IoT 기기들을 네트워크로 연결하여 사용자에게 편의 기능을 제공한다. 스마트홈 허브는 IoT 기기들을 연결하여 활용하는 과정에서 다양한 데이터가 오고가는 통로의 역할을 하는데, 이 데이터에는 사용자의 생활환경과 밀접한 관련이 있어 개인정보로써 악용될 수 있다. 이러한 개인정보의 악용으로 사용자의 신원 노출 등 피해가 발생할 수 있다. 따라서 본 논문은 스마트홈 허브에 대해 기존에 국내에서 사용하지 않았던 개인정보보호 측면의 위협 모델링 기법인 LINDDUN을 사용하여 위협을 분석하였다. 분석한 위협과 대응하는 보안요구사항을 국제표준인 common criteria를 사용하여 스마트홈 허브에 대한 평가 기준을 제시한다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.688-697
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• 2018

본 연구는 도시민들의 귀농귀촌을 유도하고 농촌 정주환경 개선을 위해 시행되고 있는 전원마을 사업의 성과를 분석하고 이를 통해 정책적 시사점을 제시하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 전원마을 거주자들을 대상으로 12개 항목을 통해 이주 전 중요하게 생각한 것과 이주 후 만족하고 있는 것을 조사하고 'IPA 분석(Importance-Performance Analysis)' 을 통해 향후 전원마을 조성사업의 추진전략을 제시하였다. 이주 전 중요도와 이주 후 만족도가 높은 항목은 '자연환경 및 경관'인 것으로 분석되었다. 반면 이주 전 중요하다고 생각했지만 이주 후 만족도가 낮은 항목은 '대중교통 및 자가용 접근성'과 '도로 및 주자시설'인 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 향후 전원마을 입지를 결정할 때 자연환경 및 경관과 함께 접근성 측면까지 고려하여 입지가 결정될 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 거주자의 인식에 기반하였다는 것과 설문조사 지역이 한정되어 있다는 한계가 있음에도 불구하고 향후 전원마을 입지선정 및 토지이용계획 수립에 중요한 정책적 함의를 제공하였다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제13권1_2호
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• pp.49-54
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• 1997

PCBs are classified as B2 (Probable human carcinogen) based on the induction of hepatocellular carcinomas in rats and mice from IRIS (Integrated Risk Information System). About 20 years ago, PCBs were phased out for electrical use in Korea, but PCBs were continuously used in the other field. Lately, there has been increasing concern on possible effects of contaminated soil to the other environment and human health. The purpose of this study is to determine PCBs level in soil at some site and to assess the human exposure doses according to exposure routes for people living within sites which expected to be exposed to PCBs. Pollution level of PCBs on the site was monitored using gas liquid chromatography. To assess the transport of PCBs in soil to plant and to air, various transfer factors(diffusion coefficient, bioconcentration factor etc.) were considered in simple calculations. To calculate the residential exposure doses by routes, some equations were considered using assumption value, which define inhalation, ingestion (soil, plant) and derreal uptake pathway. Computated results will be used as risk assessment information for human health evaluation on contaminated soil.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.1181-1188
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• 2014

In this paper, we propose a novel concept foran unmanned delivery service using a cooperative heterogeneous unmanned system consisting of a self-driving car and an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The proposed concept is suitable to deliver parcels in high-density and high-rise urban or residential areas. In order to achieve the proposed concept, we will develop acooperative heterogeneous unmanned system. Customers can order goods using a smartphone application and the order information, including the position of the customer and the order time, and the package is transported automatically by the unmanned systems. The system assigns the tasks suitable for each unmanned vehicle by analyzing it based on map information. Performance is validated by experiments consisting of autonomous driving and flight tests in a real environment. For more evaluation, the landing position error analysis is performed using circular error probability (CEP).

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2010

Natural ventilation is major strategy of 'sustainable building'. It aims to supply fresh air to the indoor, and to remove heat from the indoor during summer. In the latter point of view, natural ventilation can be grouped into two main strategies, daytime ventilation and night cooing. If we take advantage of these two natural ventilation strategies, indoor thermal comfort can be significantly improved. This study focused on grasping the current situation and problem of indoor thermal comfort of the naturally ventilated residential buildings to seek for direction of later studies. Additionally, thermal comfort of residence where the interior blind and exterior insulation were applied was analyzed. It was analyzed that the percentage of the time which satisfy the indoor acceptable operative temperature during summer was 90 ~ 95% and the heat control performance of natural ventilation has a limitation. When the interior blind and exterior insulation were applied, indoor thermal comfort was significantly improved. However, it still need more improvement.