• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.131-142
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• 1994

현재 지형공간정보체계의 기본지도 자료 층을 생성하는 방법으로 기존도면을 수치화 하는 방법과 감지기로부터 영상을 취득하여 전산기로 자료편집을 하는 해석도화방법이 사용되고 있다. 그러나, 해석도화방법과 기존도면을 디지타이징하는 방법은 기술적으로 훨씬 복잡하고, 사용장비 및 작업공정면에서 많은 비용과 시간이 소요되는 단점을 가진다. 본 연구에서는 광양지역을 촬영한 항공사진에서 주거지와 교외의 농경지로 구분하여 대상지역을 선정하였으며, 항공사진 촬영축척은 1/6,000이었다. 항공사진을 스캐너로 주사하여 수치항공영상을 생성한 후, 히스토그램 균등화의 영상처리기법을 적용하여 영상의 질을 개선하고, 개선된 영상에 임케값 방법과 경계추출기법을 적용하므로써 지형공간정보체계 자료기반의 자료층을 자동갱신하는 방법을 개발하였다. 또한, 영상분할기법을 이용하여 얻은 영상, 원 영상 및 히스토그램의 처리결과로 얻은 영상의 특성들을 비교 분석하였다. 본 연구를 통한 영상분할기법으로 지형공간정보체계의 자료기반에 관한 자료층 제작의 연산법을 정립하므로써 지형공간정보체계를 신속하고 경제적으로 처리할 수 있음을 입증할 수 있었다.

• 한국공간구조학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국공간구조학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.232-237
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• 2008

CIS국가는 구소련국가연합을 지칭하는 말로써, 각 국의 설계 규준은 구소련의 규준인 SNiP을 기본으로 작성하여 서로 유사한 부분이 많이 존재한다. 내진 SNiP 규준은 강진지역인 카자흐스탄을 중심으로 정립되어 구소련의 기준으로 사용되었으며, 독립이후 각 국의 상황에 맞게 발전되었다. 일정규모 이상의 건물은 SNiP 이외 별도의 기술지침 (TU)을 발급받아야 하며, 건축 계획시부터 내진에 유리한 방향으로 설계를 진행한다. 본문에서 소개된 주거복합시설은 계획단계에서부터 내진 안정성을 우선적으로 고려하였으며, 해석프로그램 및 배근방법을 현지에 맞게 적용하였다. 또한 실제 도면 표기방법에서도 국내표기방식과 현지 표기방식을 절충하여 현지와 맞는 도면을 작성하였다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.11-21
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to analyze and evaluate landscape characteristics by classification of landscapes in Chuncheon. A system was developed to convert images taken with a fish-eye lens to panoramic pictures. Landscape characteristics were analyzed by appearance rate and area distribution rate of landscape elements on panorama picture. Landscape characteristics were analyzed according to the number of times landscape elements appeared and the amount of area that each element occupied in the panoramic picture. Each panoramic picture was classified into five types based on these landscape element factors. Landscape evaluation was carried out using dynamic images converted from picture by fish-eye lens. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. The urban landscape can be characterized by four essential factors: interconnectedness, nature, urban centrality and landscape scale. Five types of landscapes were determined: detached residential building landscape (type 1), street landscape with various elements (type 2), street landscape in the center of a city (type 3), landscape of housing complex (type 4), and landscape of green space (type 5). Type 5 had the highest degree of landscape satisfaction and the landscape satisfaction increased with the number of appearances of natural elements. The amount of peen space had a high relation with a landscape satisfaction.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.129-140
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• 2009

Objectives: This study aimed to examined the socioeconomic disparities in oral health related behaviors and to assess if those behaviors eliminate socioeconomic disparities in oral health in a nationally representative sample of adults aged 30-64. Methods: Data are from the Korea Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005). Behaviors were indicated by smoking, over intake of daily calories from carbohydrate, perceived stress, frequency of daily tooth brushing, use of oral hygiene goods, insufficient oral treatment. Oral health outcomes were self-reported dental caries and periodontitis during the last 12 months and perceived oral health. Education, household income, and employed status indicated socioeconomic position. Sex, age, residential area, marital status were adjusted for in the logistic regression analysis. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess socioeconomic disparities in behaviors. Logistic regression model adjusting and not adjusting for behaviors were compared to assess the change in socioeconomic disparities in oral health. Results: Clear socioeconomic disparities in all behaviors were showed. After adjusting for behaviors, the association between oral health and socioeconomic indicators attenuated but did not disappear. For example, the odd ratios of reporting poorer oral health for persons in no education or elementary school education and middle school education groups, compared with college or higher education group, were 1.77 (95% CI: 1.36-2.29) and 1.56 (1.19-1.97), respectively. After adjusting for all indicators of behaviors, these odds ratios attenuated to 1.54 (1.17-2.03) and 1.48 (1.15-1.91) for those groups, respectively. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the presence of more complex determinants of socioeconomic disparities in oral health should be considered with developing preventive policies for those disparities.

• 신재생에너지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2013

The solar energy are an infinite source of energy and a clean energy without secondary pollution. The global solar energy reaching the earth's surface can be calculated easily according to the change of latitude, altitude, and sloped surface depending on the amount of the actual state of the atmosphere and clouds. The high-resolution solar-meteorological resource map with 1km resolution was developed in 2011 based on GWNU (Gangneung-Wonju National University) solar radiation model with complex terrain. The very high resolution solar energy map can be calculated and analyzed in Seoul and Eunpyung with topological effect using by 1km solar-meteorological resources map, respectively. Seoul DEM (Digital Elevation Model) have 10m resolution from NGII (National Geographic Information Institute) and Eunpyeong new town DSM (Digital Surface Model) have 1m spatial resolution from lidar observations. The solar energy have small differences according to the local mountainous terrain and residential area. The maximum bias have up to 20% and 16% in Seoul and Eunpyung new town, respectively. Small differences are that limited area with resolutions. As a result, the solar energy can calculate precisely using solar radiation model with topological effect by digital elevation data and its results can be used as the basis data for the photovoltaic and solar thermal generation.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2004

본 연구는 대구시내 국지도로의 노상주차장 설치에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하여 노상주차장의 설치가 필요한 지역을 선정하고, 도로의 신설 또는 확폭시 합리적인 계획 폭원을 제시하기 위한 기초적인 연구로서 12개 시범지역의 교통환경을 분석하였다. 교통량과 보행량을 제외하고 노상주차에 영향을 미치는 요인의 대부분이 계량화되지 않은 정성적인 자료이고, 종속변수인 노상주차장의 설치 유무도 질적인 자료이므로 수량화 이론II류의 분석방법을 사용하여 종속변수에 크게 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석하였고, 수집된 자료의 상관성을 검토하기 위해 판별분석을 시행하여 그 적중률을 분석하였다. 분석결과 국지도로상에서 노상주차장의 설치에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 요인은 도로 폭원, 교통량, 보행자수, 노점상 등 상가적치물과 불법주차차량의 유무인 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 도로의 신설 또는 확폭시 단지나 건축물내 발생 교통량과 통행량 분석과 인근지역의 노점상 점유와 불법주차 정도를 파악하여, 노상주차장 설치 여부를 결정하고 이에 적절한 도로 폭원을 계획해야 할 것이다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.522-531
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• 2006

This study has been conducted to evaluate the influence of ambient heavy metals to the air quality and to find their sources in Ulsan. Korea. The distribution characteristics of ambient heavy metals with wind direction were investigated by using pollution-rose diagram. Carcinogenic risk for five trace heavy metals (Pb. Cd, Cr, Mn, and Ni), which are classified to carcinogenic material by US EPA, are assessed according to the classification system of USEPA and WHO. According to pollution-rose calculation on pollutants sources, Pb and Cu in Deoksin, which is an adjacent to Onsan industrial complexes, were $0.1058\;and\;0.3242{\mu}g/m^3$. These concentration levels are the highest at all sampling sites. From this result we could confirm that it was affected by Onsan industrial complex that is located northeast of Deoksin.,And the maximum concentration of Cd, Cr, and Ni were $0.0306,\;0.0102,\;and\;0.0146\;{\mu}g/m^{3} in Yeocheon respectively. Because Yeocheon is in the Mipo industrial complexes, which have many combustors, incinerators, and manufacturing facilities compared to other regions. In carcinogenic risk assessment, Pb, Ni, and Mn concentration level at six sampling sites were lower than the risk level guideline values ($10^{-5}$) of WHO. However, $Cr^{6+}$ and Cd concentration in Yeocheon were 60% and 205% higher than the guideline values of WHO. Therefore it is very important that the emission from industrial complexes were carefully managed and controlled to improve air quality in residential area.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.131-142
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• 2009

High-rise and high-density apartment complexes have been built and supplied on a large scale in the 1st period of the New Town project in metropolitan areas since the late 1980s. Now It has become necessary to improve those apartment complexes, which have serious deterioration problems for aging more than about 20 years accompanying simultaneity and a large scale. The purpose of this research is to develop the evaluating indicators to measure the level of deterioration of apartments inclusively and practically in order to regenerate apartments as sustainable residential environments. This study is composed of the following four parts; (a) establishing the conceptual model of evaluation of apartment deterioration, (b) selecting evaluation items, (c) constituting evaluation measurement, and（ｄ)weighting evaluation indicators. First, deterioration of apartments was conceptualized by physical. social, and economical aspects in terms of sustainable development and proposed the conceptual model of hierarchy structure of evaluation of apartment deterioration by literature reviews. Second, evaluating items were selected based on literature reviews of existing indicators and preceding studies about apartments of Korea and foreign countries. The evaluating indicators were identified as a total of 77 evaluating items which were composed of three dimensions and 9 attributes on the basis of the conceptual model. They cover comprehensive scope of the apartment such as unit, building, complex, and site. Third, as the measurement, the 5 point ordinal scale measure was suggested. The evaluating measurement including measure standards, measure methods, and measure contents were developed by each evaluating items. Lastly, the weighting of evaluating indicators was analyzed by AHP method conducted by survey on the expert group. Items were identified as high contributors or low contributors. The weighting of these items could suggest several evaluations according to the situation. The evaluation of the level of deterioration can be done by both total evaluation and a specific field of evaluation. In addition, it is easy to grasp deteriorated attributes or dimensions by providing a radar and bar chart showing evaluation results. These evaluating indicators could be a useful tool to grasp actual methods for the regeneration of apartments.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.289-303
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• 2009

The chemical and meteorological effects on the concentration variations of ozone ($O_3$) were evaluated based on the intensive air quality measurement (5 pollutants and aromatic volatile organic compounds (AVOCs)) in and out-side an urban valley during spring and summer of 2006. The 5 pollutants measured in the study area include $O_3$, $NO_2$, NO, $PM_{10}$, and CO; the AVOCs include benzene (BEN), toluene (TOL), ethylbenzene (EB), m,p-xylene (MPX), and o-xylene (OX). For the purpose of this study, study areas were classified into two categories: valley area (VA) with a semi-closed topography covering a number of industrial complex, public building, and mountains and non-valley area (NVA) surrounding the suburban and residential areas. In general, the mean concentration levels of most pollutants (except for $PM_{10}$) in the VA were higher than those in the NVA. It was found that the average $O_3$ increase in the VA during spring might result from the combined effects such as the photochemical production from diverse anthropogenic sources and the $O_3$ accumulation due to geographical features (e.g., the semi-closed topography) and wind conditions (e.g., a low wind speed). In addition, the nocturnal $O_3$ increase in the VA during spring was primarily caused by local wind conditions (e.g., mountain and valley winds) with the low wind speed (approximately $1{\sim}2\;m\;s^{-1}$). On the other hand, the $O_3$ difference between the two areas during summer might be because of the photo-chemical production with the $O_3$ precursors (especially the AVOCs) rather than the contribution of wind conditions.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.621-630
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the smoking status and related factors among adolescents in Korea. Methods: We used data from the 5-7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The distribution of smokers and smoking status according to general characteristics was analyzed using complex chi-square tests. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between smoking experience and general characteristics by calculating the 95% confidence intervals. Results: There were 618 subjects who had experience smoking one or two puffs, the starting age of one or two puffs on smoking was 14.37 years old, the number of smoking days per month was 12.42 days, and the amount of smoking per day in a month was 7.59. Gender, residential area, income level, drinking experience, subjective health status, perceived stress level, continuous depression for more than 2 weeks, suicidal thoughts within a year, and age were significantly related to smoking experience. Conclusions: It is necessary to understand the smoking behavior of adolescents. It is important to lower the smoking rate among adolescents through the development and operation of systematic smoking prevention and smoking cessation policies at the national level, as well as the efforts of youth themselves to quit smoking.