• Computers and Concrete
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.681-695
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• 2013

In 1999 Marmara and 2011 Van earthquakes in Turkey, majority of the existing buildings either sustained severe damage or collapsed. These buildings include masonry infill walls in both the interior and exterior R/C frames. The material of the masonry infill is the main variant, ranging from natural stones to bricks and blocks. It is demanding to design these buildings for satisfactory structural behavior. In general, masonry infill walls are considered by its weights not by interaction between walls and frames. In this study, R/C buildings with infill walls are considered in terms of structural behavior. Therefore, 5 and 8-story R/C buildings are regarded as the representative models in the analyses. The R/C representative buildings, both with and without infill walls were analyzed to determine the effects of structural behavior change. The differences in earthquake behavior of these representative buildings were investigated to determine the effects of infill walls leading structural capacity. First, pushover curves of the representative buildings were sketched. Aftermath, time history analyses were carried out to define the displacement demands. Finally, fragility analyses were performed. Throughout the fragility analyses, probabilistic seismic assessment for R/C building structures both with and without infill walls were provided. In this study, besides the deterministic assessment methodology, a probabilistic approach was followed to define structural effect of infill walls under seismic loads.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.21-28
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• 2001

Naturally-ocurring short-lived decay products of radon gas in indoor air are the dominant source of ionizing radiation exposure to the general public. It is written in BEIR VI Report(l999l the radon progeny were identified as the second cause of lung cancer next to cigarette or 10 % to 14 %(15,400 to 21,800 persons p.a.) of all lung cancer deaths in USA. Indoor radon concentrations in houses typically result from radon gaining access to houses mainly from the underlying soil. In the States, they have "Indoor Radon Abatement Act" which was converted from "Toxic Substance Control Act" in 1988 to establish the national long-term goal that indoor air should be as free of radon as the ambient air outside of buildings. To review and study techniques for controlling radon, two test cells were constructed for a series of tests and are under measuring indoor and soil gas (underneath of floor slab)radon concentrations according to EPA's measurement protocol. In this paper, important theoretical studies are previewed and the following paper will explain the test results and confirm the theories reviewed to find out suitable coefficients. On the basis of test analysis, it will be described and evaluated various techniques that can be used to mitigate elevated indoor concentration of radon including the control of radon and its decay products.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.128-142
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• 2018

This study is to analyze a case of US Bravo TV program, Interior therapy with Jeff Lewies, based on analytical psychology by Carl Jung, to understand characteristics of interior therapy in psycho-therapeutic viewpoint. Case study among descriptive observation approaches was chosen as a study method while the study range was set as 8 episodes in 2012 and 8 episodes in 2013. As a result of study, future application of therapy to domestic interior design was suggested as 3 types the following; a) Paranoid and storage disorder type that pursues space design by horizontal elements with a sense of comfortable, starting from throwing things away, and suggests whiteness based on desire to be cleaned; b) Individual taste type starting from give and take between members and recognizing one another. e.g., aligning the U-shaped sofa and giving a sense of comfort by using the achromatic colors; and c) Workroom type involved with the face-to-face type of space design and arrangement of mild grey and brown colors. Finally, this study has its significance in suggesting the direction for new occupational clusters in the field of domestic space design (interior, architecture, environment design, etc.), which could be utilized as a basic data for training program development to foster interior therapy professionals.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.5-12
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• 2017

Purpose: Under the purpose of presenting the adequate remodeling period for the improvement of thermal insulation performance of external walls in deteriorated buildings, the change in external wall and residential environment problem(dew condensation) due to aged deterioration after the apartments were constructed in Korea were analyzed. Method: Temperature Difference Ratio Outside(TDRo) and Heat Flow Meter(HFM) were used as measurement methods to evaluate the thermal insulation performance of deteriorated buildings. For TDR evaluation, thermo-graphic camera was used to measure and analyze the surface temperature of external wall. Also, dew condensation evaluation was analyzed using the Temperature Difference Ratio Inside(TDRi). Result: As a result of analyzing thermal performance through TDRo, the first decline point of thermal insulation performance began after 14-16 years have passed since construction was completed, and after 20 years have passed the decline point of thermal insulation performance reappeared. As a result of analyzing U-value with HFM measurement method, the decline rate of external wall's thermal insulation performance is lower than 2% in average at around 5 years after completion, and 8.7% in average at 10-15 years, and over 10.2% in average at 20 years.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.97-102
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• 2015

Recently many buildings are airtight, deterioration takes the high stage. As this room ventilation is increasingly difficult, the importance of indoor air was emphasized. And Got a few provisions on the indoor ventilation, the building is used for other purposes also requires a lot of careful research. In this study, consisting of floor heating ventilation in the room and wants to know the impact on the human body react with the carbon dioxide concentration in the indoor air were investigated PMV. We have get the data through the experimental study like this. It can be inferred correlations of ventilation and temperature according to human comfort that you should consider when using the work of residential buildings in accordance with the changing social conditions and social. It is also determined that in the future through additional experiments related data can be established basic experimental data.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-23
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• 2015

Wind tunnel testing of a low-rise building with openings (holes) of different sizes and shapes on a roof corner is conducted to measure the internal and external pressures from the building model. Detailed analysis of the testing data is carried out to investigate the characteristics of the internal and external pressures of the building with different openings' configurations. Superimposition of the internal and external pressures makes the emergence of positive net pressures on the roof. The internal pressures demonstrate an overall uniform distribution. The probability density function (PDF) of the internal pressures is close to the Gaussian distribution. Compared with the PDF of the external pressures, the non-Gaussian characteristics of the net pressures weakened. The internal pressures exhibit strong correlation in frequency domain. There appear two humps in the spectra of the internal pressures, which correspond to the Helmholtz frequency and vortex shedding frequency, respectively. But, the peak for the vortex shedding frequency is offset for the net pressures. Furthermore, the internal pressure characteristics indirectly reflect that the length of the front edge enhances the development of the conical vortices.The objective of this study aims to further understanding of the characteristics of internal, external and net pressures for low-rise buildings in an effort to reduce wind damages to residential buildings.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.73-78
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• 2002

Recently, the energy consumption has been sharply increased and the environmental pollution has been serious, resulted in increased use of fossil fuel. These facts are applied to most fields, and are especially important issues in the field of architecture. The energy consumption rate of building is about 30% of all energy consumption, and the rate of residential is about 20% of the rate of building and is increasing gradually. The purpose of this article is firstly to analyse an actual energy consumption rate of model building and compare it with alternative methods, which are applied passive system to, and secondly to suggest an optimal passive method for saving energy. The conclusion of this study is as follows; 1) As compared with the existing house on actual energy consumption rate, 6% in changing orientation to a south, 9% in using double low-e glazing and 23% in shading is decreased. 2) The change of insulation from 50 to 100mm did not show dramatical difference in energy consumption rate. 3) As changed indoor temperature at 2$0^{\circ}C$ in winter and 27$^{\circ}C$ in summer, the rate shows a reduction of 14% compared with the existing condition.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.11-16
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• 2009

Public rental apartment has suffered social exclusion problem, stemmed from its closed planing for a very specific range of the disadvantaged population. Thereby, it has been recognized as a disliked residential facility. To alleviate this problem, various approaches have been tried such as ownership-tenant mixture, and different unit size mixture. The purpose of this study is to grasp the expected social relation among neighboring residents according to socially integrative planing elements such as ownership, unit size and family life cycle match. Thirty eight graduate students in architecture and housing field responded to the questionnaire which was specifically made to identify relations of 28 neighboring situations based on $2{\times}2{\times}2$ variable composition. Frequency, percentage and MDS(multidimensional scaling) were used to analyze data. As a result, the order of preferred matchy were identified. The match between rental/small/children group and ownership/middle/children group was turned out to be the most desirable while the match between rental/small/children family group and rental/small/elderly group was found the least desirable. Spatial representations of the relationships among 8 household types were delineated. In conclusion, the definite patterns of the favorable and unfavorable match were found. This result is expected to be used as a reference in developing a strategic match to promote the rental apartments social integration in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.39-52
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• 2013

This study examined the key factors that significantly improved the demand of multi-habitation. It determined the factors at the macroscopic level (or push factors) and the microscopic level (or pull factors). Focusing on a microscopic viewpoint, this study looked at the process of settlement through investigating 78 MH residents in the Seoul metropolitan area. The survey included the questions, such as who they are, how they prepared for moving, and how much they enjoyed their rural lives. In addition, any differences in this process were analyzed depending on respondents' characteristics. Major findings are as follows: First, general macro-level circumstances seemed supportive for the MH lifestyles. Second, six keywords were determined to represent the recent MH trends. They are "semi-sedentism, clustering, young people, female, money, and policy". Third, the distances between the original towns for native residents and new second-home towns for MH residents affected the interactions among them. However, these two groups had better relationships when the second-home towns were apart from the original towns. I then considered the need of a buffer zone between the two residential areas for MH residents. The conceptual difference between MH residents (i.e., semi-sedentism) and original rural residents (i.e., sedentism) might require certain types of buffer zones to continue good relationships among them.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.16-26
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• 2017

In today's aging society, stable residential environment is essential for the elderly living alone to be able to do activities of daily living without restrictions and cherish a satisfactory quality of life. We developed a safe and convenient multifunctional sofa by removing complex combinations and decomposing processes of the multifunctional transformable furniture, appropriate for the use by elderly living alone. We deduced the 4 main keywords and details related to the purpose of sofa by analyzing the users' physical and mental characteristics through literature review and by using 24-hour scheduling, interviews, and actual measurement. Finally, by applying this to furniture planning, we designed 4 different types of multifunctional sofa system. Production was done in cooperation with AND Co. for 2 weeks using materials, colors and adhesives selectively chosen with careful consideration of their effects on the physical, mental aspects of the user to give optimal comfortability.