• 수산경영론집
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.57-74
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• 2019

This study is aimed to evaluate the technology levels of shellfish farming in southern coast of Korea and status analysis on research of shellfish aquaculture. With achieving these objectives, it will be possible to present the direction of shellfish farming research and related project. Five major breed of shellfish aquaculture that would be adaptive and sustainable were proposed through consultation and agreement with professional group with more than 15 years of working experience. Moreover also evaluated that levels of technology, industry and market are also evaluated. The evaluation result of the expert group showed that the shellfish farming level occupied the third place in comparison with the US, Japan, Europe, and China. It is estimated that about 13~14 years will reach the level of the highest on average. In addition, most countries are expected to grow by about 10% on average over the next five years. Based on the result of the analysis of 670 research projects (2008~2017), there was little research on climate change and shellfish aquaculture. Besides some of shellfish have not been studied since 2008 and 2013, so it can be mentioned as a future task to be overcome.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.449-455
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• 2009

In Hansan Geojeman area, 2,050 ha of shellfish growing area has been designated as shellfish production area for export. The main shellfish species from the designated area is oysters. For the sanitary management of the designated area established in Hansan Geojeman area, bacteriological examination of sea water and shellfish at the sampling stations inside and outside of the designated area were performed from January 2006 to December 2008. The range of fecal coliform of 756 sea water samples at 21 stations located in the designated area were <1.8~>1,600 MPN/100mL. And the range of geometric mean and the estimated 90th percentile of fecal coliform were 1.8~2.9 and 2.7~15.8 MPN/100mL, respectively. Sanitary conditions of the current designated area in Hansan Geojeman meets the required standards of the Fisheries Product Quality Control and National Shellfish Sanitation Program (NSSP, USA) criteria for the approved area. Also, the sanitary status of the shellfish harvested from the designated area met the Korean Shellfish Sanitation Program (KSSP) fecal coliform criterion (<230 MPN/100g). And the human pathogen such as Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. were not detected from the examined shellfish samples.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.460-466
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• 2016

From 2013 through 2015, we investigated the contamination status and antimicrobial resistance patterns of pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus in commercially valuable seawater and shellfish (Oyster Crassostrea gigas, short-neck clam Venerupis philippinarum, ark shell Scapharca broughtonii and mussel Mytilus galloprovinciallis) from the southern coast of Korea. The detection rate of V. parahaemolyticus was highest in short-neck clams (23.7%), followed by ark shells (19.2%), oysters (15.9%), mussels (13.6%), and seawater (8.6%). The following percentages of PCR assays of shellfish were positive for the thermostable direct hemolysin-related hemolysin gene (trh) : oysters (12.8%), short-neck clams(11.8%), and ark shells (3.4%). Similar assays for the thermostable direct hemolysin gene (tdh) resulted in positive results for short-neck clams (5.9%) and ark shells (3.4%). Antimicrobial resistance was present in 100% of 8 tdh (+) and 2 trh (+) V. parahaemolyticus isolates challenged with ampicillin. However, all pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus were sensitive to 14 other antibiotics. To ensure the safety of shellfish consumption, the continuous monitoring of the prevalence and distribution of virulence factors of V. parahaemolyticus in shellfish farms is needed.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.614-622
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• 2010

The sanitary quality of a shellfish-growing area in Gangjinman, Korea, was assessed through a bacteriological examination of seawater form January 2007 to December 2009. The range of the geometric mean (GM) and the estimated 90th percentile for most-probable-number (MPN) values for fecal coliforms in samples collected in the designated area were 2.0-2.4 and 6.1-11.5 MPN/100 mL, respectively. Therefore, the bacteriological quality of seawater in the designated area in the Gangjinman area met the National Shellfish Sanitation Program (NSSP, USA) guidelines for approved areas. Also, the sanitary status of shellfish harvested from the designated area met the Korean Shellfish Sanitation Program (KSSP) fecal coliform criterion (<230 MPN/100 g). However, the degree of bacteriological contamination increased rapidly, and water quality exceeded the criteria for approved areas when large amounts of rain fell before the sampling date. Fortunately, fecal pollutants did not affect the bacteriological quality of a buffer zone established between the shoreline and the designated area. These results indicate that the current buffer zone established around the designated area protects the designated area properly.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.424-436
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• 2013

Organic enrichment was investigated in surface sediments from the Yeoja and Gangjin Bays of Korea, which contain dense shellfish farms, in order to evaluate the contamination status and temporal changes in shellfish farming along these coasts. The degree of organic enrichment was determined using geochemical indicators (chemical oxygen demand, ignition loss, acid volatile sulfide, total organic carbon in sediments, and total nitrogen in sediments, ammonium and nitrate in pore water, and bioluminescence inhabitation for sediments). Temporal changes in organic enrichment conditions were detected by comparing our 2012 data to those previously reported from a survey conducted in 1999/2000. Organic enrichment was significantly higher in September than in May and July, in Gangjin Bay than in Yeoja Bay, and significantly higher in shellfish farms than in reference sites not used to culture shellfish. Ammonium concentrations in pore water were two orders of magnitude greater than nitrate concentrations, suggesting that these bays represent nitrogen-reducing environments.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.612-621
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• 2011

The influences of inland pollution sources because of rainfall events on the bacteriological water quality in Geoje Bay, a major shellfish production area in Korea, were investigated. The sanitary status of sea water and shellfish after rainfall events was also evaluated. The flow rates of 13 streams around Geoje Bay showed 6 to 7-fold increases after 15 to 21 mm of rainfall. Peak pollution was observed in the Naegan Stream, the Gandeok Stream and the Seojeong Stream. The calculated impact area of inland pollution sources was 3.1 $km^2$ immediately after 15 mm of rainfall and expanded to 3.5 $km^2$ after 24 hours. These calculations of impacted area matched results from fecal coliform analyses with sea water. The distance between the major pollution source in the bay (the Gandeok Stream) and the station with the worst bacteriological water quality immediately after 15 mm of rainfall, which was below the Korean standard, was 0.8 km in a straight line; this distance increased to 2.0 km after a period of 24 hours. The area impacted by inland pollution sources after a 15 mm rainfall event was wider than after a 21 mm rainfall. Although the flow rate from inland pollution sources was higher, the concentration of fecal coliform in the discharged water was lower after higher rainfall events. These observations corresponded with the results of fecal coliform analyses with sea water samples. According to the evaluation of the influences of inland pollution sources and fecal coliform analyses on sea water and shellfish samples in Geoje Bay, pollutants from inland sources did not reach the boundary line of the shellfish growing area after rainfall events of 15 or 22 mm. The bacteriological water quality of the shellfish growing area in Geoje Bay met the Korean standard and US NSSP requirements for approved shellfish growing areas.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.789-797
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• 2015

The concentrations of trace metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Pb, and Zn) were determined in 49 surface sediment samples collected in Yeoja and Gangjin Bays on the south coast of Korea, which contain many shellfish farms, in order to assess the contamination level and to understand the spatial distribution of trace metals. The average metal concentrations in the surface sediments of both bays decreased in the order Fe > Mn > Zn > Cr > Pb > Cu > As > Cd > Hg. There were no differences in metal concentrations between shellfish farms and reference sites. The metal concentrations were significantly higher in Gangjin Bay than in Yeoja Bay. Notably, the Cu, Cd, and Hg concentrations were nearly twice as high in Gangjin Bay as in Yeoja Bay. A multivariate analysis showed a strong correlation among Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb, and Cr in the sediments of both bays, implying that the metal concentrations in the sediments in the study area were mainly dependent on natural processes, such as crustal components and diagenesis. Based on the geoaccumulation index and marine sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), the surface sediments in Yeoja and Gangjin Bays are not polluted by trace metals.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.392-402
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• 2020

살포식 패류양식해역인 진주만의 퇴적물 중 유기물과 금속의 분포 특성 및 오염상태를 파악하기 위하여 2015년 8월에 산휘발성황화물(AVS), 강열감량(IL), 총유기탄소(TOC), 총질소(TN), 금속원소(As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Pb, Zn)를 조사하였다. 퇴적물 중 유기물과 금속원소의 농도는 패류양식장이 밀집해 있는 만의 남쪽 해역에서 높고, 우리나라 남해안의 다른 해역과 비슷하거나 낮았다. C/N비(5.7~8.0)를 기초로, 진주만 퇴적물의 유기물은 해역 자체에서 생성된 해양기원성인 것으로 파악되었다. 퇴적물 오염평가 결과, 유기물(AVS, TOC)과 금속원소(As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, Zn) 농도는 우리나라의 퇴적물 기준보다도 상당히 낮았다. 또한, 금속원소 전체 농도를 고려한 오염부하량지수(PLI)와 생태계위해도지수(ERI) 결과는 패류 양식장이 밀집해 있는 남쪽 해역에서 높은 오염도를 보이지만, 대부분의 해역에서 저서생물에 약간 부정적인 생태 영향을 줄 수 있는 오염 상태였다. 그러므로, 진주만 퇴적물은 현재 유기물에 대해서는 오염되지 않았고, 금속원소에 있어서는 약간 오염된 상태인 것으로 파악되었다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.162-171
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• 2019

This study is aimed to develop an improved shellfish dredge vessel considering the increase of the fishing safety and welfare of fishermen in Jeonnam province. We visited five fishing village societies in Korea, and conducted field surveys and survey questions to investigate the current status. In order to solve the problems presented by the investigation, a general arrangement of the improvement vessel was written and adopted after meeting between the fishermen and research team, and calculated the initial stability in five loading conditions by using the Napa program. As a result of field surveys and survey questions, the existing vessel have buoyant materials under the bow and the warp pass through the wheel-house. In addition, most fishing equipment and nets are concentrated on a narrow stern, making it difficult to work efficiently. According to the survey, fishermen also responded that operation of casting and hauling is very inconvenient. The fishing equipment of the improvement vessel was rearranged, the size of the wheel-house and the crew room was increased, and we secured a basic welfare space. As a result of the initial stability test, the stability criteria of the fishing vessel were satisfied in all loading condition.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.508-515
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• 2014

The contamination status of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in commercially valuable shellfish from the south and west coasts of Korea and the antimicrobial resistance patterns of isolated V. parahaemolyticus were investigated from July through October, 2011. The range of V. parahaemolyticus concentrations in oysters Crassostrea gigas and short neck clams Venerupis philippinarum was <30~290 MPN/100 g and <30~46,000 MPN/100 g, respectively, and greater than 10,000 MPN/100 g of V. parahaemolyticus was detected from 7 of 40 short neck clams. During the survey period, 436 strains of V. parahaemolyticus were isolated (129 from oysters and 307 from short-neck clams) and the antimicrobial resistance patterns of all of the isolates were examined. Antimicrobial resistance against at least one antibiotic was seen in 79.8% of the oyster isolates (103 strains) and 63.8% of the short neck clam isolates (196 strains). The antimicrobial resistance patterns were relatively simple because the antimicrobial resistance of the isolates was simply due to resistance to ampicillin. Only one oyster isolate and three short neck clam isolates showed multiple antibiotic resistance, i.e., resistance against more than four antibiotics.