• 무역학회지
• /
• 제44권5호
• /
• pp.161-174
• /
• 2019

Recent studies on trade payment methods have suggested various alternatives to replace remittance payments. However, these studies theoretically provided the possibilities and limitations of each alternative. To check recent changes in trade practices, our research analyzed payment methods in international trade e-marketplace. Using company and product information obtained from Alibaba.com, we analyzed payment methods used in this e-marketplace and examined determination factors for new payment methods. According to the results of logistic regression analysis, we found a relationship between new payment method and factors such as market competition and the age of the company. Also, providing Paypal payments showed a correlation with market competition and price level of products as well as e-commerce infrastructure. Though these study results feature limitations in the generalization of results, it contributes to the research on payment method trends in international trade.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.132-144
• /
• 2017

Purpose: To identify baseline prognostic factors for survival in patients with disease progression, during or after chemotherapy for the treatment of advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancer. Materials and Methods: We pooled data from patients randomized between 2009 and 2012 in 2 phase III, global double-blind studies of ramucirumab for the treatment of advanced gastric or GEJ adenocarcinoma following disease progression on first-line platinum- and/or fluoropyrimidine-containing therapy (REGARD and RAINBOW). Forty-one key baseline clinical and laboratory factors common in both studies were examined. Model building started with covariate screening using univariate Cox models (significance level=0.05). A stepwise multivariable Cox model identified the final prognostic factors (entry+exit significance level=0.01). Cox models were stratified by treatment and geographic region. The process was repeated to identify baseline prognostic quality of life (QoL) parameters. Results: Of 1,020 randomized patients, 953 (93%) patients without any missing covariates were included in the analysis. We identified 12 independent prognostic factors of poor survival: 1) peritoneal metastases; 2) Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance score 1; 3) the presence of a primary tumor; 4) time to progression since prior therapy <6 months; 5) poor/unknown tumor differentiation; abnormally low blood levels of 6) albumin, 7) sodium, and/or 8) lymphocytes; and abnormally high blood levels of 9) neutrophils, 10) aspartate aminotransferase (AST), 11) alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and/or 12) lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Factors were used to devise a 4-tier prognostic index (median overall survival [OS] by risk [months]: high=3.4, moderate=6.4, medium=9.9, and low=14.5; Harrell's C-index=0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64-0.68). Addition of QoL to the model identified patient-reported appetite loss as an independent prognostic factor. Conclusions: The identified prognostic factors and the reported prognostic index may help clinical decision-making, patient stratification, and planning of future clinical studies.

• 비파괴검사학회지
• /
• 제34권5호
• /
• pp.356-361
• /
• 2014

회전형 탐촉자(RPC)는 증기발생기 전열관의 결함 탐지 및 크기 측정 목적으로 널리 사용되고 있다. 손상이 탐지된 전열관에 대한 건전성 평가는 비파괴검사에서 얻어진 열화의 크기 정보를 바탕으로 수행되기 때문에 검사기술의 성능은 전열관의 건전성 평가에 직접적으로 영향을 미치게 된다. 동일 전열관의 인접한 거리에 다중균열이 존재할 경우 검사 기술의 결함 분해능에 제약이 따를 수 있으며 그 영향이 클 경우 근접한 다중균열이 상대적으로 큰 단일균열로 평가될 수 있으므로 전열관의 구조건전성 평가에 오류를 유발할 수 있게 된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 방전가공으로 균열을 모사한 인공결함에 대한 RPC 탐촉자의 결함 분해능을 관찰하고 전열관의 구조건전성 평가에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 동일 직선상에 놓인 다중균열은 매우 근접한 거리까지 개별균열 식별이 가능하여 건전성 평가에 미치는 영향이 없는 반면, 인접한 거리에 평행하게 놓인 균열의 경우는 RPC 탐촉자의 분해능이 낮아서 부정확한 결함 크기 정보가 얻어지므로 결함관의 파열압력 예측에 영향을 미칠 수 있다.

• Tribology and Lubricants
• /
• 제30권6호
• /
• pp.343-349
• /
• 2014

Currently, in order to resist the scratching of the fuel rod surface while fabricating the fuel assembly of the light-water nuclear reactor, we use a solution of nitrocellulose, an explosive material, as a dry lubricant along with its solvent. However, the demand for developing safe and harmless aqueous alternative materials for environment-conservation and field-worker safety has increased. In this study, we demonstrate the preparation of a novel aqueous resin composite using a formulation of aqueous polymeric resin, alcoholic solvent, and water. Subsequently, we characterize this composite on the basis of hardness, adhesive property, and water solubility using plates similar to the fuel rod material. The insertion test of a fuel rod coated with the YS-3 composite shows load values of $18.8-20.5kg/cm^2$, which is comparable with $18.8-20.5kg/cm^2$ of the nitrocellulose coating agent. In addition, the depth and width of longitudinal scratches caused by the YS-3 composite test are 50% higher than those of the standard. We can develop a harmless and safe aqueous dry lubricant to replace the existing NC products through field testing of 264 pieces of fuel rods, after producing 350 kg of the YS-3 prototype. The scratch test for the rod surface showed that weight of chip of YS-3 prototype was smaller than that of NC before and after solvent treatment, indicating the properties of YS-3 prototype was comparable to the counterpart.

• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• 제7권4호
• /
• pp.326-330
• /
• 2016

Background: The Nordic Safety Climate Questionnaire-50 (NOSACQ-50) was developed by a team of Nordic occupational safety researchers based on safety climate and psychological theories. The aim of this study was to develop and validate the Persian version of NOSACQ-50 and assess the score of safety climate on a group of workers in a steel company in Iran. Methods: The Persian version of NOSACQ-50 was distributed among 661 employees of a steel company in Qazvin Province (Iran). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis were used to determine the dimensions of the questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed using Cronbach ${\alpha}$ coefficient. Pearson correlation test was applied to investigate the correlation between different dimensions. Results: The results of EFA showed that the Persian version of NOSACQ-50 consisted of six dimensions. The Cronbach ${\alpha}$ coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.94. The mean score of safety climate in all dimensions was 2.89 (standard deviation 0.60). Conclusion: The Persian version of NOSACQ-50 had a satisfactory validity for measuring safety climate in the studied Iranian population.

• 산업진흥연구
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2023

본 연구는 4차 산업혁명 관련 연구에 존재하는 간극을 메우고자, 4차 산업혁명 핵심기술과 기업의 경제적 성과 간 상관관계를 탐색적으로 살펴본다. 실증분석 결과, 각 4차 산업혁명 핵심기술의 도입 여부는 기업의 매출액과 통계적으로 유의미한 양(+)의 상관관계가 존재했다. 상관관계의 크기는 3D 프린팅(139%), 빅데이터(129%), 클라우드 컴퓨팅(127%), 인공지능(78%), 사물인터넷(70%) 순으로 나타났다. 이들 4차 산업혁명 핵심기술 도입이 기업의 매출액에 미치는 상호작용효과를 검정한 결과, 사물인터넷과 3D 프린팅, 클라우드 컴퓨팅과 빅데이터, 클라우드 컴퓨팅과 3D 프린팅 간에는 통계적으로 유의미한 음(-)의 상호작용효과가 나타났다. 본 연구는 4차 산업혁명 핵심기술과 기업의 경제적 성과 간 상관관계를 살피는 초기적 시도로 향후 이와 관련한 실증연구의 기초로 활용할 수 있다.

• 벤처창업연구
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.121-130
• /
• 2016

치열한 경쟁상황에서 기업의 성공과 혁신은 경영자에서 비롯되는 신사업 발견능력을 통한 경쟁전략의 수립이 매우 중요하다. 본 연구는 경영자의 신사업기회 발견능력과 기업성과 사이에 경쟁전략의 매개효과를 실증분석을 통해 규명하는데 목적을 두고 있다. 이를 위해서 전국의 대기업 사업장과 중소기업 286개의 기업 자료를 대상으로 자료를 수집하고 구조모델에 의한 분석을 실시하였다. 실증분석 결과 발견능력 중 실험하기와 연관시키기가 경쟁전략을 강화시키는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 발견능력 맥락에서는 원가우위 전략 보다 차별화 전략이 기업성과에 미치는 영향이 큰 것으로 나타났으며, 경쟁 전략의 매개효과는 실험하기와 기업성과 사이에 강하게 나타났다.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.157-172
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study was to explore the moderating effect of food safety scandals on the relationship between food company's Corporate Social Responsibility(CSR) engagement at different levels and brand image in the Chinese dairy company context. In addition, this study also examined the mediating effect of brand image on CSR engagement and consumer loyalty. The study adopted a $2{\times}2$ between-subjects experimental design using scenarios. Four scenarios provided a mixed combination of yes or no cases for food safety scandal, and high or low cases for a dairy company's CSR engagement. In this study, survey was used to collect data from Chinese consumers. Of these, 377 valid data were collected from a sample of average Chinese consumers over the age of 20, collected through the internet. The results show that CSR engagement at different levels has a significant effect on brand image and food safety scandal has a significant moderating effect on the relationship between the two. This study expanded the previous study on the sensitivity of consumers to CSR activities in eastern China. At the same time, according to the results of the study, different CSR engagement of food enterprises does have a significant impact on brand image and consumer loyalty. In particular, high CSR engagement reduces negative impact on brand image through the moderating effect of food safety scandals. Therefore, for food business managers, actively participate in CSR activities, and actively enhance the engagement has a significant influence on the management of brand image.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.27-34
• /
• 2016

Process Safety Management (PSM) system was introduced since 1996 and it makes voluntarily organizing and managing chemical accident prevention system by company itself that contributes to reduce the chemical accidents. However, large or small scaled chemical accidents had occurred frequently in these days. This trend is brought up the necessity to analyze and improve PSM system. In this study, it was conducted by the questionnaire survey and workshop for prevention of major industrial accidents in PSM sites in order to collect extensive opinions from all walks of life and identify overall operation condition. It was proposed to establish improvement plan of implementing condition assessment in PSM system. By results of the study, company's voluntary safety management will be induced by improved PSM system and management plan and it expects to prevent the major industrial accidents.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.76-81
• /
• 2009

Tandem GMAW is one of the high performance welding process and used in many industries to increase the productivity. An evaluation is presented of the mechanical properties and microstructural characteristics of the Tandem GMAW and conventional Single GMAW welds in 30mm thickness 490MPa grade steel by comparison method. Welding sequence and bead with and hight was kept, avoiding the effect of the bead shape and welding sequence. Tension, bending, hardness and Charpy impact test results of Tandem GMAW met the requirement of specification and showed similar distribution with conventional Single GMAW. Volume fraction of ferrite phase in weld metal showed little difference between Tandem GMAW and Single GMAW