• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.62-66
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• 2016

There have been happening small and big fires due to the various causes in the thermal power plants which are the high risk buildings with the high possibility of big sizes of accidents, so the people in the power plants distribute the workers "the site action manuals in thermal power plants" and try to minimize the rate of disasters like fires through the regular education and training. However, in the Five Thermal Power Plants in Korea, there are no the standard of "the site action manuals" and Furthermore, the present educational manuals are mostly the hard copies with poor readability. So the standardization of the manuals are definitely needed. Therefore, in this research, we proceed the standardization of the manuals for the five areas of the site action manual s in the thermal power plants which are oil fires, electric fires, building fires, facility fires and gas leaking reaction SOP to improve the reaction power on the disasters in the power plants which are the national significant infrastructures, thus by using the manual, we propose the safety education contents for the thermal power plants based on the visualization technology using story-viewing method to complement the hard copy type disaster manuals.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.490-494
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• 1997

Anticarcinogenic activity of astaxanthin-containing egg yolks (designate AEY) was investigated for benzo[a]pyrene (BP)-induced mouse forestomach tumorigenesis initiating regimen. Female ICR mouse (6-7 weeks of age) were housed in polycarbonated cages (5 mice/cage; 20 mice/treatment) in a humidity-and-temperature-controlled facility and permitted free access to water and food. One week later, four and 2 days prior to p.o. treatment with BP (2 mg/0.2 ml corn oil), mice were given 0.2 ml PBS containing 50 mg AEY, 100 mg AEY, 150 mg AEY, or 150 mg CEY. Control mice were only given 0.2 ml PBS. Three days later this sequence was repeated for a total of 4 times. Beginning with the first intubation and continuing thereafter, body weight and food intake were recorded once weekly. All surviving mice were sacrificed 24 weeks after the first dose of BP. Mice treated with AEY developed only about one third as many neoplasms/animal as mice in control or CEY-treated group (p<0.05). Reduction effect of tumor development by AEY was dependent upon doses applied. Tumor incidence was also reduced by AEY treatments, but significantly reduced only by 150 mg AEY treatment when compared to that by control or CEY. Food intake and body weight were not affected by AEY treatment. These results indicate that AEY inhibits tumorigenesis of mouse forestomach induced by BP.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.419-431
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• 2007

The setting of dental hygiene clinics is very important to dental hygiene education, which is the place not only to educate students but also to care clients. The purpose of this study is to provide basic research material for improvement of dental hygiene care system in dental hygiene clinics by analyzing the client satisfaction. A questionnaire survey by means of self-entry method was conducted to find out satisfaction of the client, who was visited to the dental hygiene clinics in the department of dental hygiene, Yonsei University. An analysis of frequency, one way ANOVA and T-Test were performed through SPSS 12.0K program. 1. Most clients were mainly composed of students in Wonju College of Medicine. 2. The clients visited for scaling(85.8%) and oral examination(9.73%) were much than treatment(4.42%). 3. Clients aged 21 to 25 were relatively lower in satisfaction with the facilities, system, attitude than any other ages. 4. The dental hygiene students are the lowest group in satisfaction with the facility, system, attitude than medical and nursing students. 5. The clients satisfaction with dental hygiene clinics was decreased in reverse proportion to visiting frequency. 6. Most of the clients pointed out the problems of appointment system(54.0%) and fee(23.0%), which should be improved than any other operation conditions. 7. Most of the clients were not satisfied with chair time and pain during care. 8. Most clients recognized to receive the better care service than other dental offices(81.3%). Especially, they paid attention to oral health education using phase-contrast microscope. 9. Many clients were dissatisfied with facilities of the dental hygiene clinics(71.7%). The problems of appointment system(54.0%) and chair time of dental hygiene care services(63.6%) had also inconvenienced to clients. The dental hygiene clinics in school play a crucial role in dental hygiene education to foster the student to be competent as a professional dental hygienist in the future. Therefore, well-organized dental hygiene care program based on dental hygiene process is essential. It is also required to improve the environment of dental hygiene clinics including facilities, appointment system and fee etc.

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.63-72
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to understand the character of concerned local area through using roadside space that is space for daily experience of citizen as target, extracting symbolic image reconsidering the historical and cultural character and clarifying the local identity on the basis of it. Through applying image of local symbolism and future-oriented roadside to street furniture, I tried to express local symbolism and through composing symbolic roadside of local that can be newly recognized as unique street, I tried to give a local symbolism and compose active roadside environment. Through providing basic material and actual design example, this paper tried to activate characterized local culture. As the method to approach design of symbolic roadside, the researcher divided local symbolic image into present local image and future-oriented image through selecting the roadside that historical element is lost and urbanization is achieved as target. The researcher characterized local roadside, using street furniture as symbolic tool of future-oriented roadside on the basis of symbolic image extracted from image evaluation testing. This paper has the meaning to suggest one direction for extracting symbolism when organizing distinguished roadside through applying symbolic image to roadside environmental facility, helping for of local resident's sense of place, his self-esteem and love for his hometown and public authority's establishing and promoting the policy concerned to the context of this paper.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.53-68
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• 2012

This paper investigated the conceptual schemes four children constructed as they related division number sentences to various types of fraction: Proper fractions, improper fractions, and mixed numbers in both contextual and abstract symbolic forms. Methods followed those of the constructivist teaching experiment. Four fifth-grade students from an inner city school in the southwest United States were interviewed eight times: Pre-test clinical interview, six teaching / semi-structured interviews, and a final post-test clinical interview. Results showed that for equal sharing situations, children conceptualized division in two ways: For mixed numbers, division generated a whole number portion of quotient and a fractional portion of quotient. This provided the conceptual basis to see improper fractions as quotients. For proper fractions, they tended to see the quotient as an instance of the multiplicative structure: $a{\times}b=c$ ; $a{\div}c=\frac{1}{b}$ ; $b{\div}c=\frac{1}{a}$. Results suggest that first, facility in recall of multiplication and division fact families and understanding the multiplicative structure must be emphasized before learning fraction division. Second, to facilitate understanding of the multiplicative structure children must be fluent in representing division in the form of number sentences for equal sharing word problems. If not, their reliance on long division hampers their use of syntax and their understanding of divisor and dividend and their relation to the concepts of numerator and denominator.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2368-2373
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• 2012

In this research, finite element method was carried out to evaluate the defomation of pipe and surface displacement for backfill of underground ficility. Various conditions for analysis were employer, including two different pipes(PE and concrete pipe), two different excavation depth(60cm and 150cm) and width(1.5D and 2D), a regular sand backfill, and four different flowable backfills. The vertical deformation of 60 cm diameter for PE was measured three times more than that of 30 cm diameter. The measured deformations for regular backfill and four flowable backfills were 0.320mm, and 0.135mm to 0.155mm, respectively. It ratio was around 40%. In case of 30cm diameter of concrete pipe, the measured vertical defomation was around 0.004mm for all the backfill materials. In case of installation depth, the effect of flowable backfill for flexible pipe is better than for rigid pipe. There is little effect on the deformation of concrete pipe with regular sand backfill and flowable backfill.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.51-56
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• 2009

Safety and quality assessment systems are very important in manufacture, storage, transportation, and handling of hazardous materials(hazmat) to prevent hazmat disasters. At present, hazardous materials exist everywhere in our daily lives with various forms of plastics, household products of cleaning and washing detergents, fertilizers or petroleum-related products. However, hazardous materials are dangerous substances when they are released to human or environment. Hazardous materials become very widely used substances in the age of oil-based industrial economy. The Korean Ministry of Environment (KMOE) describes about one hundred thousand types of chemicals are produced and used worldwide. Over four hundred new chemicals are introduced in every year. A crucial question for the Korean hazardous material management may have been raised: Will you be safe from hazardous material incidents? The gas leak disaster at Union Carbide's Bhopal, India in 1984 that made over 6,400 people killed and 30,000 to 40,000 people seriously injured is the representative case for the safety of hazmat. Korea becomes vulnerable to hazmat disaster due to the development of high-tech industry. Thus, the risk assessment system is required to Korea for transferring abandoned hazmat management systems to self-correcting safety systems. This research analyzed characteristics of various hazmat incidents applying statistical analysis methods including frequency analysis or analysis of category data to hazmat incidents for ten years. All of three analyses of category data indicate the significance of causality between hazmat incident site groups and seasons, regional groups, and incident casualty groups.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.47-56
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• 2014

Purpose: In protected crop production facilities such as greenhouse and plant factory, farmers should be present and/or visit frequently to the production site for maintaining optimum environmental conditions and better production, which is time and labor consuming. Monitoring of environmental condition is highly important for optimum control of the conditions, and the condition is not uniform within the facility. Objectives of the paper were to investigate spatial and vertical variability in ambient environmental variables and to provide useful information for sensing and control of the environments. Methods: Experiments were conducted in a strawberry-growing greenhouse (greenhouse 1) and a cherry tomato-growing greenhouse (greenhouse 2). Selected ambient environmental variables for experiment in greenhouse 1 were air temperature and humidity, and in greenhouse 2, they were air temperature, humidity, PPFD (Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density), and $CO_2$ concentration. Results: Considerable spatial, vertical, and temporal variability of the ambient environments were observed. In greenhouse 1, overall temperature increased from 12:00 to 14:00 and increased after that, while RH increased continuously during the experiments. Differences between the maximum and minimum temperature and RH values were greater when one of the side windows were open than those when both of the windows were closed. The location and height of the maximum and minimum measurements were also different. In greenhouse 2, differences between the maximum and minimum air temperatures at noon and sunset were greater when both windows were open. The maximum PPFD were observed at a 3-m height, close to the lighting source, and $CO_2$ concentration in the crop growing regions. Conclusions: In this study, spatial, vertical, and temporal variability of ambient crop growing conditions in greenhouses was evaluated. And also the variability was affected by operation conditions such as window opening and heating. Results of the study would provide information for optimum monitoring and control of ambient greenhouse environments.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.41-64
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• 1999

The major concern for this research is to discuss and to offer some solutions to bring the effectiveness of existing notifiable diseases reporting system over the physicians' attitudes of reporting, the actual condition of performance and the reasons of inertia in notifiable diseases reporting through examining the physicians of medical institutions in nationwide such as pediatrics, internal medicine and family medicine. The actual conditions of notifiable communicable diseases(NCD) reporting was surveyed by mail objectifying an internal medicine, pediatrics and family medicine in nationwide on the basis of stratified random sampling method divided into the classification of medical institutions and areas. As a result of survey. the rate of respondents showed 145 persons from physicians, 105 persons from hospitals. 120 persons from general hospitals, and 51 persons from tertiary hospitals. The total number of respondents were 421 and was rated 59.0 %. The analysis of collected survey went through a descriptive analysis primarily to grasp physicians' attitudes on the notifiable communicable diseases reporting, and then upon the dependent variables. Following are major findings obtained form the data analysis. 1. The results of a descriptive analysis on physicians' attitudes towards reporting NCD were as follows: First, the respondents who didn't know that yellow fever is reporting NCD were 11.0% of clinic, 10.5% of hospital. 5.0% of general hospital. 11.8% of tertiary hospital. and in case of hepatitis B, were 26.9% of clinic, 35.2% of hospital. 35.0% of general hospital. 23.5% of tertiary hospital. Second, The rate of physicians' knowledge on penalties of not reporting the NCD by their medical institution were 35.2% of clinic, 45.7% of hospital. 36.7% of general hospital. 62.7% of tertiary hospital. Third, among the no-reporting physicians in whole, the major reason of not reporting NCD were uncertainty of diagnosis(78.9%), no need to report(46.4%), no adequate actions from PHC(29.1%), no knowledge of the cases being notifiable ones in the order of their frequencies(30.4%), meddling from PHC(29.1%), concerning of patient's privacy(26.3%). 2. To analyze the characteristics related to the physicians' behaviors to report NCD, univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were applied to the variables related to physician, 4 medical facility, PHC, and reporting system. The result were as follows: First, the result of the univariate analysis on physicians' attitude to report NCD and characteristics related to reporting in odds ratio was in the case of hospital. 3.4 times higher positive responses on physicians' attitude to report NCD came up as compared to the clinic. Second, the result of the univariate analysis on physicians' action of reporting NCD and characteristics related to reporting by the classification of medical institutions showed that the odds ratio of hospital was 2.3 times, the odds ratio of general hospital was 2.0 times, the odds ratio of tertiary was 6.8 times significantly higher than clinic. And the medical institution with significantly higher positive attitudes rate by multiple logistic regression analysis was hospital that rated 2.5 times significantly higher than clinic. Also in the PHC related characteristics of reporting, the rate of action in reporting NCD was significantly higher in medical institution that were endowed with the good condition of reporting. In multiple logistic regression analysis, the medical institution that has a good conditions of reporting showed a significantly higher positive rate on the action of reporting than the others.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.71-95
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• 2020

In Gyeonggi-do(province), where the largest number of small libraries are located in Korea, 42% of small libraries are located in apartment complexes. However, as libraries established under legal obligations are managed and operated on voluntary will, there have been numerous ongoing cases of temporary closure or permanent shut down. To revitalize small libraries in apartment complexes, it is reasonable to seek ways to revitalize them through the role of the central point of the village community in the complex. To that end, this study surveyed the current status of small libraries in Gyeonggi-do, a survey of small library operators and related persons in apartment housing complexes and similar residential communities in Gyeonggi-do and 31 cities and counties. Based on this, this study was intended to derive practical measures to revitalize the operation and preservation of small libraries in such residential communities. Four goals were set to improve community awareness of small libraries, cultivate self-operating abilities, improve laws and systems, and strengthen support for local governments. Research needs to be carried out not only for small libraries in apartment complexes in Gyeonggi-do but also for the continued development of other small private libraries.