• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.297-305
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• 2021

A contractor or a main contractor is a company with full capacity to construct all project's works for the owner. A subcontractor is an organization that works with the main contractor to execute and complete work packages for the project. Selecting an effective subcontractor will help the efficiency and success of any projects in the construction industry. Therefore, this study identified subcontractor evaluation factors in Vietnam by collecting questionnaire survey data from engineers and staffs in the construction industry project environment. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was then performed to identify the critical factors when evaluating and selecting the subcontractor in construction projects. Moreover, when considering the impact level in terms of the average value, the research results showed that the most critical concern was the subcontractor's reputation. Furthermore, the top five factors affecting the sub-contractor evaluation and selection are (i) reputation, (ii) price, (iii) construction techniques, (iv) ability to implement projects according to commitments, and (v) subcontractor competence (the team of workers, technician staff, engineers with full capacity according to regulations). These research results provide an overall perspective that will help main contractors develop suitable subcontractors' evaluation and selection factors in their projects in the construction industry.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.31-36
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• 2011

I conducted empirical analyses of what happens when an offline channel expands to an online channel and whether the pre-existing offline channel's competitive assets (e.g. brand reputation and level of service satisfaction) can be linked to online channel preference. I found that an offline channel's brand reputation and level of service satisfaction can have a direct influence on offline channel preference and a second-hand influence on online channel preference. Thus, if the competitiveness of the online channel is strong enough and its customers have a higher preference for the offline channel, they will be committed and loyal to the company. The resultant enhanced competitiveness of the offline channel will present opportunities for both present and future success. The main results are the following. First, the management of the distribution channel service quality is more important than that of the brand reputation. Customers' experiences of service and subjective evaluations are not important only as the leading factors in the long-term brand reputation management but also as influential factors in channel preference. SoThus, given that the service quality of the pre-existing channel is not the customers' main concern, a strategy of improving the level of service satisfaction aimed at present customers is more valuable than a wide brand positioning strategy aimed at general and new customers. Second, when an offline channel company establishes an internet shopping mall on an online channel, it is highly likely that the preference and subjective evaluation of the present customers will influence the online channel. This applies not only to the special case of an expansion from an offline intermediary channel to an online one, but also to an online channel acting as an expansion of the business model of a conventional manufacturing or service company: both cases are vertical integrations of marketing channels in an expansion of the distribution channel. My theory applies to a wide range of contexts. Third and finally, any business strategy can grasp the meaning of 'channel expansion. Fundamentally, it is an expansion of the sales activity channel and marketing activity. However, it is also a way of enhancing marketing and sales competitiveness through an expansion to an online or offline channel. The expansion of an offline company to an online channel could be seen not as improvement but as an innovation of the business process by which two goals are achieved with one technique. The former is expected to increase the sales of the offline company, and the latter is also expected to increase sales while also contributing to cost reduction.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.89-106
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• 2014

As an empirical study on the psychological side effects of using Social Networking Services (SNS), this study aims to identify the reality of negative emotion of using SNS and to predict its consequences. To this end, a measurement tool was developed through literature review, in-depth interview with users and expert review to induce negative emotional factors that can arise while using SNS. An exploratory factor analysis was performed for a total of 24 measurement items, which then were divided into the following 6 factors: 'concern over privacy,' 'burden from undesired connection,' 'relative deprivation,' 'a sense of alienation,' 'concern over reputation' and 'negative feeling about simple relationship.' Also, the relationship between the 6 negative emotional factors and psychological dissonance was analyzed. The results indicate that all the factors, except relative deprivation and a sense of alienation, affect psychological dissonance. It was also found that psychological dissonance, which implies a conflicting condition from using SNS, significantly affects the behavior that possibly reduces and limits the use of SNS. In other words, the users who have experienced psychological dissonance respond passively by avoiding the use of SNS to resolve the dissonance. The results of this study provide the base for explaining the psychological side effects of using SNS, which have been understood at a phenomenal level, such as 'Facebook depression' or 'SNS stress.' In addition, this study is of significance as it helps understand the psychological mechanism by identifying the relationship between negative emotion and use behavior with the theory of cognitive dissonance.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.53-72
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• 2015

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the users' stress and using reluctant intention to use social network service(SNS). This study especially focused on stress of SNSs' user. Because SNS has led to negative effects such as invasion of privacy, addiction and social overload recently. In addition, adverse effects of SNS had caused SNSs' user to feel stress and fatigue. Design/methodology/approach This study developed hypotheses to empirically examine the factors that affect SNS users' stress and using reluctant intention. In order to verify research hypotheses, this study collected data from 362 users who currently use the SNS in Korea. Further, we used the smartPLS analysis. Findings The results of this study are as follows; First, reputation perception, unwanted relation burden, privacy concern, information overload and interaction overload had a significant positive effect on SNS users' stress. But international influence had no significant positive effect on SNS users' stress. Second, SNS users' stress had a significant positive effect on using reluctant intention. The results of this study provides theoretical foundations on the research for dark side of SNS and implies that SNS providers are in need of exerting an effort to minimize the negative aspects.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.137-157
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• 2015

The development of Social Network Service (SNS) has brought many positive changes to the ways people communicate, interact and share information. However, using the SNS does not always leads to in a positive results, particularly when it is addictively used. In fact, the addictive use of SNS results in many negative effects in our society. Recently, SNS users feel negative emotions such as expecially stress and fatigue while using SNS. Thus, the purpose of this study is to empirically examine antecedents of user fatigue on SNS, which can be explained by the degree of Individual, environment and SNS characteristics. This study also examines consequences of user fatigue on SNS. Lastly, we examine the moderating effects of Habit among SNS fatigue, barrier of living and task performance decline. The data for empirical analysis were collected 401 responses on SNS users in Korea. The results of this study are as follows; First, reputation perception, loneliness, unwanted relation, privacy concern, information overload, social presence and interaction are significantly related to SNS fatigue. Second, SNS fatigue, barrier of living and Task performance decline are significantly related to discontinuous usage intention. Third, the moderating effect of Habit of SNS using is found in the relationship among SNS fatigue, barrier of living and task performance decline. Based on the results of this study, Theoretical and practical suggestions were discussed.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2005

This paper is re-lighting(reputation) that Ki-saeng is a artist in Chosun age to concern with history, social lives, role, art school of Ki-saeng and Ki-saeng and also is re-light and analysis educate system, rules, curriculum, time table of teaching, graduated album, photos of art school of Pyongyang Ki-saeng. And the using these traditional culture materials of Ki-saeng can create various digital contents of game contents, animation, drama, film and characters. Specially, it is propose to use culture contents that creation and pick out of beauty, talent, social system and art school of Ki-saeng in Chosun age willing to use concept design, scenario of game, animation, drama and film etc.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.346-356
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• 2001

This paper describes a Q-methodological study on the Perception of comfort in hospital in-patients. The participants completed a 37-item Q sort made up of statements which could be ranked in terms of their relevance to the subjective meaning of comfort. Three interpretable types of comfort were identified through this Q study : Type I, positive medical action style, feel secure and satisfied when medical staff show a positive attitude towards them as patients. They put a high value on prompt responses from medical staff and physical aspects of care like non-invasive procedures or comfortable position. Type II, social relation style, experience a state of comfort when they perceive support or concern from medical staff, relatives or other patients suffering from similar diseases. They feel safe and secure when medical staff are kind and have a good reputation or when the size of the hospital is big enough, Type III, emotional wellbeing style, feel that hope for a healthy life or maintaining self-care activities are highly valuable. They feel safe and comfortable when their privacy is protected. They put worth on independent thinking, strong will, and emotional or psychological comfort. The results of this study can be used as a basis to develop nursing measures for comfort. Further studies on factors which influence perception of comfort and intervention strategies according to the above types of comfort need to be done.

• Journal of Applied Tourism Food and Beverage Management and Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.59-78
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• 2001

The domestic food service industry has established its industrial basis since the overseas brands were introduced and international events were held in Korea. It also has showed a prominent growth rate as consumers began to show more interests in leisure and quality of working life(QWL) At this, the employees, constituting Points of contacts with consumers of the food service industry, have emerged as a Primarily critical concern in order for the food service industry, which can affect people in various ways, to adopt our own food culture and develop its business quality. In the food service industry, as a relatively labour-intensive industry, the manpower service is considered very important. Whether the industry succeeds or not depends on the role of employees as the quality of service of employees can decide the quality of the industry itself. In spite of the importance of employees in the food service industry, not many researches have been Performed on the personnel management of the industry, as Koreans traditionally have hold a prejudiced view on the food service industry and it is only a short time since the food business began to be considered as an industry. This thesis aims at research on the factors affecting job satisfaction of the employees by dealing with the importance and characteristics of the role of employees of the food service industry and theoretical background of the job satisfaction. The presumable factors affecting the job satisfaction are divided into several groups ; characteristics of organization, working condition, human relationship, psychological factors, and its reputation in the labour market. Hypotheses and models, where those factors affect the employees, are formed. Statistical methods such as correlation analysis and multiple regression are used in order to verify those hypotheses. Alternatives to improve job satisfaction of employees are suggested based on the analysis. It is expected that there will be more active researches on employees of the food service industry, as this thesis has selected employees of the food service industry as its subjects while subjects of similar researches have been mainly hotel employees so far.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.568-589
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• 2020

Recently, Social media has become a concern for businesses, including Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). SMEs began to adopt social media to support their performance. To benefit from the application of social media, SMEs must implement the right strategy. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the use of social media in SMEs. Furthermore, alignment between social media functionalities and strategies and their effect on SME's performance are investigated. A case study is conducted in Gymi, a garment SMEs in East Java, Indonesia. The data collection includes interviews with the owner of SMEs, observations, and document analysis. Data analysis is performed by pattern matching, which matches the patterns from the literature with data from the case study. The results of this study show that cost-effectiveness, interactivity, and compatibility are factors that influence the use of social media in Gymi. The social media used by Gymi are Instagram, Facebook, YouTube, WhatsApp, and LINE. However, the main social media used to support Gymi's functions is Instagram. Gymi has a relatively good social media strategy as it has defined a specific goal, target audience, and channel selection for social media (Instagram). It also has specific resources and policies to handle social media. Gymi monitors and evaluates their social media content activities. These strategies are aligned with the Instagram feature used to support Gymi's function, particularly marketing, sales, customer service, and to some extent, internal operation. The alignment contributes to Gymi's performance measured by the increase in reputation (number of Instagram followers) and sales.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.145-162
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• 2008

One of the big concerns in e-society is privacy issue. In special, in developing robust ubiquitous smart space and corresponding services, user profile and preference are collected by the service providers. Privacy issue would be more critical in context-aware services simply because most of the context data themselves are private information: user's current location, current schedule, friends nearby and even her/his health data. To realize the potential of ubiquitous smart space, the systems embedded in the space should corporate personal privacy preferences. When the users invoke a set of services, they are asked to allow the service providers or smart space to make use of personal information which is related to privacy concerns. For this reason, the users unhappily provide the personal information or even deny to get served. On the other side, service provider needs personal information as rich as possible with minimal personal information to discern royal and trustworthy customers and those who are not. It would be desirable to enlarge the allowable personal information complying with the service provider's request, whereas minimizing service provider's requiring personal information which is not allowed to be submitted and user's submitting information which is of no value to the service provider. In special, if any personal information required by the service provider is not allowed, service will not be provided to the user. P3P (Platform for Privacy Preferences) has been regarded as one of the promising alternatives to preserve the personal information in the course of electronic transactions. However, P3P mainly focuses on preserving the buyers' personal information. From time to time, the service provider's business data should be protected from the unintended usage from the buyers. Moreover, even though the user's privacy preference could depend on the context happened to the user, legacy P3P does not handle the contextual change of privacy preferences. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to propose a mutual P3P-based negotiation mechanism. To do so, service provider's privacy concern is considered as well as the users'. User's privacy policy on the service provider's information also should be informed to the service providers before the service begins. Second, privacy policy is contextually designed according to the user's current context because the nomadic user's privacy concern structure may be altered contextually. Hence, the methodology includes mutual privacy policy and personalization. Overall framework of the mechanism and new code of ethics is described in section 2. Pervasive platform for mutual P3P considers user type and context field, which involves current activity, location, social context, objects nearby and physical environments. Our mutual P3P includes the privacy preference not only for the buyers but also the sellers, that is, service providers. Negotiation methodology for mutual P3P is proposed in section 3. Based on the fact that privacy concern occurs when there are needs for information access and at the same time those for information hiding. Our mechanism was implemented based on an actual shopping mall to increase the feasibility of the idea proposed in this paper. A shopping service is assumed as a context-aware service, and data groups for the service are enumerated. The privacy policy for each data group is represented as APPEL format. To examine the performance of the example service, in section 4, simulation approach is adopted in this paper. For the simulation, five data elements are considered: $\cdot$ UserID $\cdot$ User preference $\cdot$ Phone number $\cdot$ Home address $\cdot$ Product information $\cdot$ Service profile. For the negotiation, reputation is selected as a strategic value. Then the following cases are compared: $\cdot$ Legacy P3P is considered $\cdot$ Mutual P3P is considered without strategic value $\cdot$ Mutual P3P is considered with strategic value. The simulation results show that mutual P3P outperforms legacy P3P. Moreover, we could conclude that when mutual P3P is considered with strategic value, performance was better than that of mutual P3P is considered without strategic value in terms of service safety.