• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.1469-1474
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• 2002

This study was designed to evaluate the influence of a single or double dose of Fe dextran with organic trace mineral supplementation on the performance of piglets from dams fed diets with either inorganic (ITM) or organic trace minerals (OTM). It also determined the effect of the source of the trace minerals on the reproductive performance of sows. The trace mineral premixes were prepared using metal proteinates and the corresponding inorganic salts for the OTM and the ITM, respectively. Each mineral premix provided 100 ppm Fe/175 ppm Fe, 35 ppm Cu/170 ppm Cu, 90 ppm Zn/120 ppm Zn, and 40 ppm Mn/35 ppm Mn when added at 0.20% in sows /weaned pigs' diets, respectively. The first dose of Fe dextran was administered to piglets at 3 d and the second dose at 10 d after birth. One dose of Fe dextran supplied 100 mg of Fe. A total of 16 gestating sows (Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire) in parities 2 to 4 were randomly allocated to four treatments: 1) diet with ITM/one dose of Fe dextran to piglets, 2) diet with ITM/two doses of Fe dextran to piglets, 3) diet with OTM/one dose of Fe dextran to piglets, and 4) diet with OTM/two doses of Fe dextran to piglets. The total born alive, weaned, body weight at birth and at weaning were not affected by the sow's dietary treatment. Although organic trace mineral supplementation tended to increase the milk Fe content (p<0.10) at 7 d postpartum, piglets in all treatments performed equally from birth to weaning. The double doses of Fe dextran neither improved the average daily gain (ADG) nor influenced the survival of piglets from birth to weaning (21 d). Results suggest that a single dose of Fe dextran given to suckling pigs is adequate to sustain their needs for growth throughout the lactation period (21 d). Furthermore, there was a 21% improvement in both the ADG and the average daily feed intake (ADFI) (p<0.05) in weaned pigs fed diets with OTM. Cu and Fe in the liver (p<0.01), and Zn in both the bone (p<0.01) and the serum (p<0.01) were higher in piglets fed OTM than in those fed ITM. It would be concluded that single dose of Fe dextran administration with organic trace mineral supplementation show similar growth performance compared to 2 dose Fe dextran administration with inorganic mineral supplementation in young pigs.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.1-21
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• 2021

Panax species have gained numerous attentions because of their various biological effects on cardiovascular, kidney, reproductive diseases known for a long time. Recently, advanced analytical methods including thin layer chromatography, high-performance thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with tandem ultraviolet, diode array detector, evaporative light scattering detector, and mass detector, two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography, high speed counter-current chromatography, high speed centrifugal partition chromatography, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, high-performance anion-exchange chromatography, ambient ionization mass spectrometry, molecularly imprinted polymer, enzyme immunoassay, 1H-NMR, and infrared spectroscopy have been used to identify and evaluate chemical constituents in Panax species. Moreover, Soxhlet extraction, heat reflux extraction, ultrasonic extraction, solid phase extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, enzyme-assisted extraction, acceleration solvent extraction, matrix solid phase dispersion extraction, and pulsed electric field are discussed. In this review, a total of 219 articles published from 1980 to 2018 are investigated. Panax species including P. notoginseng, P. quinquefolius, sand P. ginseng in the raw and processed forms from different parts, geographical origins, and growing times are studied. Furthermore, the potential biomarkers are screened through the previous articles. It is expected that the review can provide a fundamental for further studies.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.130-135
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• 2020

양식업에서 인기 있는 어종 중 하나인 동자개를 자연산과 양식산을 구분하여 생식소 발달을 관찰하였다. 자연산과 양식산 동자개는 2018년 4월에서 10월에 채집하여 수컷의 생식소 지수, 비만도지수 및 생식소 발달을 연구하였다. 광학현미경으로 관찰된 월별 생식소 발달과 GSI를 기반으로 생식소 발달 단계는 자연산과 실외 사육장은 4월 성숙기, 5월 산란기, 6월에서 7월 퇴화기, 8월에서 10월 휴지기로 관찰되었다. 실내 사육장은 4월에서 6월까지 성숙기, 7월에서 8월 산란기, 9월 퇴화기, 10월 휴지기로 구분되었다. GSI 값은 자연산과 실외 사육장은 5월에 가장 높은 값을 보였고, 실내 사육장은 9월에 가장 높은 값을 나타내 차이를 보였다. CF는 자연산과 양식산 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었으나 자연산은 6월에 가장 높은 값을 보였으며, 실외 사육장은 11월에 가장 높은 값을 보였다. 본 실험 결과, 실외 사육장 동자개 수컷을 인공 수정에 사용하는 것이 적합하며, 자연산 생식주기와 같은 5월에 인공 수정을 하는 것이 효율적일 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.165-172
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• 2008

한강하구에서 천연기념물 개리와 재두루미 등의 주요 먹이원인 수생식물 새섬매자기(Scirpus planiculmis)의 개체군 감소의 원인을 분석하고자, 1) 주변 경쟁 초본과의 개체군 생태학적 특성을 분석하고, 2)토양이 퇴적이 되어 토심이 깊은 곳에서 자라는 집단과 그렇지 않는 곳에서 자란 것 간의 활력도를 비교하고, 3)실내조건에서 새섬매자기를 양묘하여 괴경의 분포를 관찰하고, 4) 이를 근거로 새섬매자기 서식지복원의 방안을 제시하였다. 그 결과 새섬매자기는 한강하구습지에서 경쟁관계에 있는 수생식물인 갈대나 줄 등에 비하여 지상부 물질생산량과 지하부 물질생산량이 낮고, 키도 작고, 번식력도 낮았다. 또한 습지에 퇴적되는 곳의 새섬매자기 개체군은 퇴적되지 않는 곳에서 자라는 집단보다 땅속덩이줄기생산량, 지하부생산량, 지상부생산량, 종자생산량이 훨씬 감소되었고, 키도 작았다. 이상적인 조건에서 새섬매자기의 괴경은 얕은 토심(15cm 이내)에 주로 분포하였다. 이러한 결과는 한강하구에서 새섬매자기가 다른 수생식물보다 경쟁력이 약하고, 한강하구에서 괴경이 깊은 흙에서 출현하는 것이나 개체군 쇠퇴의 원인이 토양의 퇴적임을 의미한다. 따라서 새섬매자기 개체군 유지와 보전을 위해서는 퇴적이 되지 않도록 한강하구 습지 내 물이 흐르도록 물길을 조성하고, 경쟁종을 제거하여야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.349-353
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between estrous expression, body condition score (BCS), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and number of transferable embryos for the purpose of improving reproductive performance in blood of Hanwoo donors. Sixty, at random stages of the estrous cycle, received a CIDR. Four days later, the animals were superovulated with a total of 28AU FSH (Antorin, 2AU=1 ml) administered twice daily in constant doses over 4 days. On the 3th administration of FSH, CIDR was withdrawn and 25 mg PGF2 ${\alpha}$ was administered. Cows were artificially inseminated twice after estrous detection at 12 hr intervals. The cows received 100 ${\mu}g$ GnRH at the time of 1nd insemination. Embryos were recovered 7 or 8 days after the 1st insemination. The estrous inducement rate and estrous expression rate were significantly lower for cows with BCS below 2.25 than for cows with BCS above 2.25. There was 50.0% of rate of mounting in cows with BCS below 2.25 whereas the rate of mounting was markedly increased in cows with BCS above 2.25 (94.1% and 89.5% for BCS 2.25~2.75 and BCS above 2.75 cows, respectively). Cows with BCS <2.25, 2.25~2.75 and ${\geq}$2.75 had number of transferable embryos of $4.5{\pm}0.7$, $5.9{\pm}1.8$ and $5.6{\pm}2.3$ respectively.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.335-339
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between concentration of urea nitrogen, glucose, cholesterol and number of transferable embryos for the purpose of improving reproductive performance in blood of Hanwoo donors. Fifty five, at random stages of the estrous cycle, received a CIDR. Four days later the animals were superovulated with a total of 28AU FSH (Antorin, 2AU=1 ml) administered twice daily in constant doses over 4 days. On the 3th administration of FSH, CIDR was withdrawn and 25 mg $PGF_2$ ${\alpha}$ was administered. Cows were artificially inseminated twice after estrous detection at 12 hr intervals. The cows received 100 ${\mu}g$ GnRH at the time of 1nd insemination. Embryos were recovered 7 or 8 days after the 1st insemination. Cows with BUN < 10, 11~18 and ${\geq}$19 mg/dl had number of transferable embryos of $4.32{\pm}1.3$, $5.8{\pm}1.8$ and $4.7{\pm}2.1$ respectively. The mean numbers of total ova from < 10 and 10${\leq}$ of corpora lutea(CL) was 8.9 and 14.3, respectively. The number of transferable embryos differed between < 10${\leq}$ CL was 4.8 and 5.6, respectively.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.239-244
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is compare IVF cycle outcome in poor responders between clomiphene citrate (CC) stimulated and controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) protocol. A total of 94 patients responding poorly in previous IVF cycles (estradiol<600 pg/ml or less than 3 oocytes retrieved) subsequently underwent either COH (COH group: 122 cycles, 68 patients) or CC-stimulated cycles (CC group: 43 cycles, 26 patients). CC was administered for five consecutive days starting on cycle day 3 at a dose of 100 mg daily. Serial transvaginal ultrasound examination was done from cycle day 8. Urine was collected $3\sim4$ times before hCG injection for the detection of LH surge. The hCG was administered when serum estradiol reached greater than 150 pg/ml and mean follicle diameter>16 mm. In COH group, ovarian stimulation was done using short protocol (GnRH-a/FSH/HMG/hCG). No difference in age or number of transferred embryos was found between CC group and COH group. COH group had significantly (p<0.05) higher mean peak level of $E_2$ ($810{\pm}112$ vs $412{\pm}55$ pg/ml) and greater number of retrieved oocytes ($3.0{\pm}0.2$ vs $2.0{\pm}0.2$) than CC group. CC group had transferred embryos $(1.8{\pm}0.2)$ compared with $(2.1{\pm}0.2)$ in COH group. However, CC group had higher pregnancy rate than COH group per retrieval [26.9% (7/26) vs 6.2% (6/97)], or per transfer [31.8% (7/22) vs 7% (6/86)]. Although cycle cancellation rate in CC group (48.8%) was higher than that of COH group (21.3%), the pregnancy rate per cycle in CC group was still higher (16.3%) than COH group (4.9%). In addition, implantation rate in CC group was 17.5% (7/40), which was significantly (p<0.01) higher than 3.9% (7/180) in COH group. These data suggest that oocyte and embryo quality are lower in COH cycles of poor responders than CC cycles. We suggest that clomiphene citrate stimulated IVF cycle may be more efficient than COH IVF cycle in poor responders in terms of lower costs and higher pregnancy performance.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2003

A teratogenic study of dimethyl dimethoxy biphenylate derivative (DDB-S) was carried out on Sprague-Dawley rats. DDB-S dissolved in saline was administered to male and female rats by intravenously injection at daily doses of 50 mg/kg, 75 mg/kg, and 100 mg/kg. A half of dams were sacrificed at 20th day of gestation to scrutinize the pregnant performances and fetal development. And the remaining dams were allowed to deliver. The growth, reflex, behaviour and reproductive function of F1 offsprings were examined. There was no treatment-related difference in body weight, food consumption and necropsy findings of dams. No gross, skeletal and visceral abnormalities was observed in F1 fetuses from dams treated with DDB-S. F1 offsprings did not show any treatment-related difference in growth, reflex, behaviour and reproductive performance. At caesarean section of F1 dams, no growth retardation and gross abnormality was observed in F2 fetuses. In conclusion, DDB-S did not show any potential teratogenic effect in rats.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.112-118
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• 2016

Objective: Ovarian reserve tests are commonly used to predict ovarian response in infertile patients undergoing ovarian stimulation. Although serum markers such as basal follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) or random $anti-M{\ddot{u}}llerian$ hormone (AMH) level and ultrasonographic markers (antral follicle count, AFC) are good predictors, no single test has proven to be the best predictor. In this study, we developed appropriate equations and novel nomograms to predict the number of oocytes that will be retrieved using patients' age, serum levels of basal FSH and AMH, and AFC. Methods: We analyzed a database containing clinical and laboratory information of 141 stimulated in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles performed at a university-based hospital between September 2009 and December 2013. We used generalized linear models for prediction of the number of oocytes. Results: Age, basal serum FSH level, serum AMH level, and AFC were significantly related to the number of oocytes retrieved according to the univariate and multivariate analyses. The equations that predicted the number of oocytes retrieved (log scale) were as follows: model (1) $3.21-0.036{\times}(age)+0.089{\times}(AMH)$, model (2) $3.422-0.03{\times}(age)-0.049{\times}(FSH)+0.08{\times}(AMH)$, model (3) $2.32-0.017{\times}(age)+0.039{\times}(AMH)+0.03{\times}(AFC)$, model (4) $2.584-0.015{\times}(age)-0.035{\times}(FSH)+0.038{\times}(AMH)+0.026{\times}(AFC)$. model 4 showed the best performance. On the basis of these variables, we developed nomograms to predict the number of oocytes that can be retrieved. Conclusion: Our nomograms helped predict the number of oocytes retrieved in stimulated IVF cycles.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 1991

젖소에 있어서 selenium과 vitamin E투여가 後産停滯 예방에 효과가 있는지를 규명코자 忠南地域에서 飼育하고 있는 젖소를 대조구, Se 單獨區, vit.E單獨區, vit.E 3회구, Se와 vit.E 1회 倂用區 및 Se와 vit.E 3회 倂用區의 6개로 나누어 50mg의 selenium과700IU의 vit.E를 分晩豫定日 21일전에 주사하였으며 vit.E 3회구는 14일과 7일전에 추가로 주사하였다. 12시간 이내에 후산이 만출되지 않는 개체는 後産停滯로 판단하였으며, 後産停滯 發生率, 繁殖效率 및 産乳量을 조사하였던 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 後産停滯의 발생율에 있어서 Se이나 vit.E의 단독구와 vit.E 3회구는 예방효과가 없었으나 Se과 vit.E 1회 倂用區는 7.1%로 나타나 대조구 25.6%보다 유의적(P<0.05)인 예방효과를 나타내었다. 2. 次期 繁殖效率에 있어서 분만후 첫 수정시까지의 기간, 공태기간 및 수태당 수정회수는 대조구와 처리구간에 유의적인 차이가 없었으며 차기 産乳量도 대조구와 처리구간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다.