• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.1-20
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• 2020

This study is to find the methods that BIBFRAME could accept the new concept of representative expression in the RDA Toolkit Beta which has developed in 2019. Research methods were the literature reviews and the mapping between RDA Toolkit Beta and BIBFRAME. BIBFRAME's acceptance of representative expression of RDA Toolkit Beta was suggested as followings. First, the properties of representative expression should be defined in BIBFRAME because the RDA Toolkit Beta defined the expression attributes and representative expression elements apart. Three choices for BIBFRAME's acceptances are (1) to develop the newly devised representative expression properties (2) to specify representative expression properties with using refinement (3) to differentiate representative expression properties with using class. Second, as relationship elements should be defined in BIBFRAME to link work and representative expression which transfer the expression attribute to work. This study will contribute to revise the BIBFRAME because this focusd on BIBFRAME's acceptance of RDA Toolkit Beta in which reflected LRM.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.33-50
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• 2019

Cataloging principles, cataloging rules, and encoding formats should considered LRM acceptance because LRM replaced FRBR as the conceptual model. This study identifies considerations for BIBFRAME acceptance of expression and representative expression attributes in LRM by using literature reviews and expert interviews. Primarily, work in BIBFRAME without expression as entity could map to work and expression of LRM and sustain expression by linking 2 works (work and expression). Second, BIBFRAME must consider association between representative expression attributes and specific expressions whose values can be transferred to the representative expression attributes. Third, representative expression attributes are different according to work types in LRM, and language, media, intended audience, and scale, that can be used as representative expression attributes in BIBFRAME, should be changed in class. Fourth, relation properties should be articulated for expanding networks between expressions originated from work in BIBFRAME. This study analyzes LRM and BIBFRAME by focusing on expression entity and representative expression attributes. More LRM study is needed on cataloging principles and cataloging rules.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.1390-1393
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• 2007

In this study, three of the representative EDCs, $17{\beta}$-estradiol, bisphenol A, and styrene, were employed to find their mode of toxic actions in E. coli. To accomplish this, four different stress response genes, recA, katG, fabA, and grpE genes, were used as a representative for DNA, oxidative, membrane, or protein damage, respectively. The expression levels of these four genes were quantified using a real-time RT-PCR after challenge with three different EDCs individually. Bisphenol A and styrene caused high-level expression of recA and katG genes, respectively, whereas $17{\beta}$-estradiol made no significant changes in expression of any of those genes. These results lead to the classification of the mode of toxic actions of EDCs on E. coli.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.145-151
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• 2012

Objectives: Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis are correlated with tumor growth and lymph node metastasis in cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Endoglin is one of the representative vascular endothelial cell markers. Podoplanin is also a representative marker used in order to detect lymphatic endothelial cells. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between the expression of endoglin/podoplanin and clinical variables associated with OSCC progression. Materials and Methods: Paraffin embedded tissue specimens from 21 patients diagnosed with OSCC were used in this study. Ten patients were diagnosed with early clinical stage (I or II) and 11 patients with advanced clinical stage (III or IV) OSCC. Five patients had positive lymph node involvement. Primary antibodies for endoglin and podoplanin were used to perform the immunohistochemical detection of the vascular and lymphatic endothelial cells. The expression of endoglin and podoplanin was examined by an image analysis program in the three most highly expressed regions of each specimen. Results: The average endoglin expression was observed to be $1.691{\pm}0.920$ in the advanced stage (III, IV) specimens and $0.797{\pm}0.583$ in the early stage (I, II) specimens (P=0.020). The average expression of podoplanin was $0.286{\pm}0.228$ in the advance stage (III, IV) specimens and $0.374{\pm}0.157$ in the early stage (I, II) specimens (P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the expression of endoglin and podoplanin, regardless of whether or not the lymph node was positive. Conclusion: The expression of endoglin was significantly higher in the advanced stage specimens than that in the early stage specimens. Therefore, we concluded that endoglin is a useful molecular marker for use in the evaluation of the progression of OSCC.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.113-119
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• 2023

This research analyzed the importance and influence of color expression on psychological and emotional changes of visual perception in the creation of art works. This research takes the element of the sky in the works of Vincent William Van Gogh, a Dutch post-Impressionist representative painter, as the basic research objective to prove the influence of color expression of the same thing on the inner emotional communication of the creator. After synthesizing the contents of previous research and investigation on Van Gogh, this research will summarize the works containing sky elements in Van Gogh's works according to his four creative stages, and select representative works for color analysis and comparison. In this paper, by comparing the colors of the same elements of the sky, we can find Van Gogh's guidance of psychological and emotional changes through the expression of colors in his works, which will play a certain inspiring role in the creation of painting art.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2010

Monitoring toxicity levels in specific biological compartments is necessary to evaluate the ecotoxicological risk associated with soil environmental pollution. Gene expression, as potential biomarker, is increasingly used as rapid early warning systems in environmental monitoring and ecological risk assessment procedures. Various representative species are currently used for the purpose of assessing soil toxicity, however, investigations on toxicological assessments using endpoint based on gene-level have been limited. In this review, we will present the current trends in organisms and endpoints used in soil toxicity study and report gene expression related to toxicity using soil organism, and C. elegans as promising organisms for this approach.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.371-379
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• 2005

In this paper, we propose a pattern consistency index for detecting heterogeneous time series that deviate from the representative pattern of each cluster in clustering time course gene expression data using the Pearson correlation coefficient. We examine its usefulness by applying this index to serum time course gene expression data from microarrays.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.394-403
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• 2008

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.23
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• pp.10401-10405
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• 2015

Background: Molecular prognostic markers have been under investigation for the last decade and no validated marker to date has been proven to be used in daily clinical practice for urinary bladder cancers. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the significance of HYAL-1 expression in prediction of recurrence and progression in pT1 urothelial carcinomas. Materials and Methods: Eighty-nine urothelial carcinoma cases staged as T1 according to 2004 WHO classification were studied. Representative sections from every case were stained immunohistochemically for HYAL-1 and scored between 0 and +3, according to staining density, and graded as low and high for the scores 0-1 and 2-3, respectively. Results: Of the 89 pT1 bladder cancer patients, HYAL-1 expression was high in 92.1% (82 patients; 72 patients +3 and 10 patients +2) and low in 7.9% (only 7 patients; 6 patients +1 and 1 patient 0) of the cases. Of the 89 patients, 38 (42.7%) had recurrence and 22 (24.7%) showed progression. HYAL-1 staining did not show significant characteristics for tumor grade, accompanying CIS, multiplicity, tumor size, age and sex. HYAL-1 expression did not have any prognostic value in estimating recurrence or progression. Conclusions: HYAL-1 expression was found to be high, but did not have any prognostic importance in T1 bladder urothelial carcinomas.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.228-233
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• 2008

Effects of chaperones on mRNA stability and gene expression were studied in order to develop an efficient Escherichia coli expression system that can maximize gene expression. The stability of mRNA was modulated by introducing various secondary structures at the 5'-end of mRNA. Four vector systems providing different 5'-end structures were constructed, and genes encoding GFPuv and endoxylanase were cloned into the four vector systems. Primer extension assay revealed different mRNA half-lives depending on the 5'-end secondary structures of mRNA. In addition to the stem-loop structure at the 5'-end of mRNA, coexpression of dnaK-dnaJ-grpE or groEL-groES, representative heat-shock genes in E. coli, increased the mRNA stability and the level of gene expression further, even though the degree of stabilization was varied. Our work suggests that some of the heat-shock proteins can function as mRNA stabilizers as well s protein chaperones.