• 융합신호처리학회논문지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.119-125
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• 2004

방향 성분은 소벨(sobel)과 FFT 방법 등을 주로 사용한다. 소벨을 이용한 방법은 소벨 마스크의 복잡한 처리 과정과 대표 방향 성분을 추출하고자 할 때 픽셀별로 단위 벡터를 만들어 누적시킬 경우 낮은 대비 영상이나 높은 대비 영상이나 같은 값이 나오므로 기울기 크기를 누적할 수 없어 대표 방향을 설정하기 어렵다. FFT를 변환을 이용한 방법은 융선이 정확한 방향 성분을 가지는 경우에만 방향성 추출이 가능하며 별도의 방향 필터를 사용해야 한다. 본 논문에서는 위의 단점을 보완하기 위하여 이진화 된 영상을 세선화 한 후 픽셀 단위로 방향 성분을 추출하며, 8${\times}$8 픽셀크기의 블록 내에 존재하는 픽셀이 가지는 방향 성분 중 가장 많은 방향 성분을 융선의 대표 방향으로 추출하는 새로운 방법을 제안한다.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.450-461
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• 2015

본 연구는 블록크기 및 균열의 기하학적 속성이 균열암반의 수리적 특성에 미치는 효과를 파악하기 위해 이차원 등가파이프 연결구조에 기반을 둔 DFN 유체유동 해석기법을 적용하여 수치실험을 수행하였다. 두 개의 균열군을 사용하여 균열의 기하학적 속성 변화를 반영할 수 있도록 방향, 면적빈도, 길이분포를 달리하며 이차원 영역에 추계론적으로 생성한 총 72개의 DFN 블록에 대하여 방향에 따른 블록수리전도도가 산정되었다. 또한, 각각의 DFN 블록에서 이론적 블록수리전도도, 주 수리전도도텐서 및 평균블록수리전도도를 추정하여 비교분석한 결과, 블록크기 및 균열의 기하학적 속성은 균열성 암반의 수리적 특성에 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 평가되었다. 균열군의 교차각이 작을수록, 면적빈도가 낮고 길이분포가 짧을수록 DFN 시스템은 유체유동에 대한 REV를 정의하기 어려우며 방향에 따른 블록수리전도도의 변동성이 강하게 나타났다. 일반적으로 블록크기가 커질수록 DFN 시스템에 대한 등가연속체 취급 가능성은 높아진다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.288-301
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• 2017

In this paper, we propose an optimized algorithm for texture classification by computing a completed modeling of the local binary pattern (CLBP) instead of the traditional LBP of a scalable block size in an image. First, we show that the CLBP descriptor is a better representative than LBP by extracting more information from an image. Second, the CLBP features of scalable block size of an image has an adaptive capability in representing both gross and detailed features of an image and thus it is suitable for image texture classification. This paper successfully implements a machine learning scheme by applying the CLBP features of a scalable size to the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. The proposed scheme has been evaluated on Outex and CUReT databases, and the evaluation result shows that the proposed approach achieves an improved recognition rate compared to the previous research results.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제40회 동계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.24-25
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• 2011

Molecular self-assembly has several advantages over other nanofabrication methods. Molecular building blocks ensure ultrafine pattern precision, parallel structure formation allows for mass production and a variety of three-dimensional structures are available for fabricating complex structures. Nevertheless, the molecular interaction for self-assembly generally relies on weak forces such as van der Waals force, hydrogen bonding, or hydrophobic interaction. Due to the weak interaction, the structure formation is usually slow and the degree of ordering is low in a self-assembled structure. To promote self-assembly, directed assembly methods employing prepatterned substrates or external fields have been developed and gathered a great deal of technological attention as a next generation nanofabrication process. In this presentation a variety of directed assembly methods for soft nanomaterials including block copolymers, peptides and carbon nanomaterials will be introduced. Block copolymers are representative self-assembling materials extensively utilized in nanofabrication. In contrast to colloid assembly or anodized metal oxides, various shapes of nanostructures, including lines or interconnected networks, can be generated with a precise tunability over their shape and size. Applying prepatterned substrates$^{1,2}$ or introducing thickness modulation$^3$ to block copolymer thin films allowed for the control over the orientational and positional orderings of self-assembled structures. The nanofabrication processes for metals, semiconductors$^4$, carbon nanotubes$^{5,6}$, and graphene$^{6,7}$ templating block copolymer self-assembly will be presented.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.21-31
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• 2014

특이치 분해는 다양한 분야의 데이터 집단에서 고유한 특성을 찾는 특징 추출 분야에 많이 활용되고 있다. 하지만 특이치 분해의 복잡 행렬 연산은 많은 연산 시간을 요구한다. 본 논문에서는 특이치 분해의 대표적인 알고리즘인 one-sided block Jacobi를 고속 처리하기 위해 2차원 멀티코어 시스템을 이용하여 효율적으로 병렬 구현하고 성능을 향상시킨다. 또한, one-sided block Jacobi 알고리즘의 다양한 행렬 ($128{\times}128$, $64{\times}64$, $32{\times}32$, $16{\times}16$)을 서로 다른 2차원 PE 구조에 구현하고 성능 및 에너지를 분석함으로써 각 행렬에 대한 최적의 멀티코어 구조를 탐색한다. 더불어 동일한 행렬의 one-sided block Jacobi 알고리즘에 대해 선택된 멀티코어 구조와 상용 고성능 그래픽스 프로세싱 유닛 (GPU)과의 성능 비교를 통해 제안한 2차원 멀티코어 방법의 잠재 가능성을 확인한다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제11권7호
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• pp.956-965
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• 2008

H.264는 가장 최근에 제정된 동영상 압축 표준으로 다양한 기법 등을 도입하여 기존의 표준들에 비해 동일한 화질을 유지하면서도 높은 압축 효율을 보여준다. 하지만 이러한 기법들은 처리과정이 복잡해, 계산 과정을 간소화시킨 효율적인 기법들이 요구된다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 새롭게 도입된 기법 중에서 복잡한 처리가 요구되는 인트라 예측의 효율적인 처리를 위한 2단계의 빠른 인트라 예측 방법을 제안한다. 1단계에서는 매크로블록 내 작은 블록들($4{\times}4,\;8{\times}8,\;12{\times}12$ 크기)의 경계 부분의 화소 변화량을 조사하고, 이를 통해서 매크로블록의 평탄 여부를 판단하여 인트라 예측을 위한 블록 크기를 빠르게 선택한다. 2단계에서는 매크로 블록 내부의 대표성을 띄는 화소들을 이용하여 1단계에서 선택된 블록 크기의 여러 모드 중에서 최종 모드를 빠르게 결정한다. 제안한 인트라 예측 기법의 성능측정을 위해 다양한 테스트 동영상으로 화질, 비트율 및 처리시간을 확인한 결과, 관련기법 및 표준과 비교해서 동일한 화질과 비트율을 유지하면서 표준과 비교하여 41.5%, 관련기법과 비교하여 24.7%의 인트라 예측 처리 시간을 감소시켰다.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.3-11
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• 2018

Korea has achieved a rapid economic development and with the increase in population and national income and the expansion of social and economic activities, energy consumption has rapidly increased too. Energy consumption per head has constantly increased and currently, power consumption per head is 7.5 times bigger than in 1985. Buildings occupy 25% of total energy consumption and especially, 50% of total energy is consumed for heating and cooling. In this situation, multi-family housing, which has constantly been increased, has an energy saving rate of 1.9%, which is the lowest level and this makes the government's energy policy for sustainable energy system development useless. Besides, energy consumption leads to secondary problems, such as air, water and marine pollution and heat pollution and wastewater/drainage and the increased use of fossil fuel is a fundamental reason for ozone layer destruction and global warming. Therefore, efficient energy consumption plans are required. This study aims to analyze energy performance in each block type of high-rise and diversified multi-family housing that accounts for 60% of all the housing forms, depending on the variations in stories through BIM-based energy simulation. For this study, four representative block types were selected, based on the multi-family floor plan, which is certified for energy performance evaluation and they were applied to the floor plan of a multi-family house that is scheduled to be built. Then BIM modeling was conducted from the fifth story to the 40th story at an intervals of 5 stories and based on the finding, energy characteristics of each block type and energy performance depending on the variations in stories were analyzed. It is considered that this would serve as objective data for block type and block story decision of energy performance-based multi-family housing.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.418-424
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to propose a standard of converting 3D shape of men in twenties to 2D patterns. This can be a basis for scientific and automatic pattern making for high quality custom clothes. Firstly, representative 3D body shape of men was modeled. Then the 3D model was divided into 3 shells, front, side and back. Among them, the front shell was divided into 4 blocks by bust line and princess line. Secondly, curves are generated on each block according to matrix combination by grid method. Then triangles were developed into 2D pieces by reflecting the 3D curve length. The grid was arranged to maintain outer curve length. Next, the area of developed pieces and block were calculated and difference ratio between the block area and the developed pieces' area is calculated. Also, area difference ratio by the number of triangles is calculated. The difference ratio was represented as graphs and optimal section is selected by the shape of graphs. The optimal matrix was set considering connection with other blocks. Curves of torso upper front shell were regenerated by the optimal matrix and developed into pieces. We validated it's suitability by comparing difference ratio between the block area and the developed pieces' area of optimal section. The results showed that there was no significant difference between block area and the pieces' area developed by optimal matrix. The optimal matrix for 2D developing could be characterized as two types according to block's shape characteristics, one is affected by triangle number, the other is affected by number of raws more than columns. Through this study, both the 2D pattern developing from 3D body shape and 3D modeling from 2D pattern is possible, so it's standardization also possible.

• 전자공학회논문지B
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• 제31B권4호
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• pp.62-76
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• 1994

In this paper, a segmentation-based coding technique as applied to video sequences is proposed. A proposed method separates an image into contour and texture parts, then the visually-sensitive contour part is represented by chain codes and the visually-insensitive texture part is reconstructed by a representative motion vector of a region and mean of the segmented frame difference. It uses a change detector to find moving areas and adopts variable blocks to represent different motions correctly. For better quality of reconstructed images, the displaced frame difference between the original image and the motion compensated image reconstructed by the representative motion vector is segmented. Computer simulation with several video sequences shows that the proposed method gives better performance than the conventional ones in terms of the peak signal to noise ratio(PSNR) and compression ration.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제24권8B호
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• pp.1438-1443
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• 1999

In this paper, we propose detection methods for gradual scene changes such as dissolve, pan, and zoom. The proposal method to detect a dissolve region uses scene features based on spatial statistics of the image. The spatial statistics to define shot boundaries are derived from squared means within each local area. We also propose a method of the camera motion detection using four representative motion vectors in the background. Representative motion vectors are derived from macroblock motion vectors which are directly extracted from MPEG streams. To reduce the implementation time, we use DC sequences rather than fully decoded MPEG video. In addition, to detect the gradual scene change region precisely, we use all types of the MPEG frames(I, P, B frame). Simulation results show that the proposed detection methods perform better than existing methods.