• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.872-880
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• 2003

Three vectors, pSG1, 2, and 3, which facilitate in vivo expression technology (IVET) in Gram-negative bacteria, were developed. Vectors pSG1and 2 are derivatives of ColE1, and pSG3 is a derivative of an R6K replicon. These vectors contain oriT sites that allow mobilization when the RK2 Tra functions are provided in trans. These vectors contain promoterless lacZ (pl-lacZ) and promoterless aph (pl-aph) transcriptionally fused together, which allow qualitative and quantitative measurements of the expression of genes in the genome of bacterial cells. pSG1 and 3 contain gentamicin-resistance genes, and pSG2 carries a streptomycin-/spectinomycin-resistance gene, allowing for selection of recombinants generated by a single crossover between a library fragment cloned into a pSG vector and the identical region in the genome of a bacterial species from which the library fragment originated. These vectors were successfully applied to the generation of random fusions at high rates in the genomes of four representative Gram-negative bacteria. In addition, the expression level of ${\beta}-galactosidase$ and the degree of resistance to kanamycin in cells with fusions generated by these vectors were found to be linearly correlated, proving that these vectors can be used for IVET.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.81-85
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• 2007

Glucocorticoid hormone regulates numerous physiological processes, such as regulation of metabolism, and anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive actions via the activation and repression of gene expression. Here we described a lentivirus-based reporter vector system expressing red fluorescent protein (mRFP) or firefly luciferase (Luc) under the control of a glucocorticoid-responsive element that allows observation of the temporospatial pattern of glucocorticoid induced GR-mediated signaling on a cellular level. Moreover, usage of the chromatin insulator of the chicken ${\beta}$-globin locus induced a marked increase of sensitivity of glucocorticoid inducible promoter of a reporter gene. Use of this method will be applicable of screening for agonist and antagonist of GR in vitro, and also a reporter gene assay for the in vivo determination of the GR-mediated gene activation.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.88-99
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• 2008

Objectives: In order to identify the anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of Salvia miltiorrhiza (Dan-Sam), widely used in Korean traditional medicine, an in vitro screening system was designed using pGL3, a luciferase reporter vector, and the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 as target genes. Methods: The promoter regions of each gene were generated by PCR using the human chromosome as template DNA, and inserted into pGL3 vector with Kpn I and Hind III. The final construct was transfected into human myelomonocytic leukemia cells (U-937) that could be differentiated and activated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Using this system, the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of several herbal extracts regarded to have the medicinal effects of diminishing body heat and complementing Qi were tested. The chemicals PD98059 and berberine chloride were used as controls of the transcriptional inhibitors of TNF-${\alpha}$ and COX-2, respectively. Results: Salvia miltiorrhiza (Dan-Sam) demonstrated significant decrease of TNF-${\alpha}$ and COX-2 mRNA in the in vitro assay system. In MTT assay, Salvia miltiorrhiza (Dan-Sam) did not significantly inhibit the survival and proliferation of human myelomonocytic leukemia cells (U-937). Conclusions: Salvia miltiorrhiza (Dan-Sam) was found to exhibit the significant medicinal properties of anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.885-891
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• 2004

To evaluate the feasibility of using sperm-mediated gene transfer (SMGT) for carrying foreign gene into chicken oocyte, a reporter gene, CX-EGFP, was used in this study. The reporter gene was first mixed with liposome or liposome-like compound and the mixtures were further combined with ejaculated cock spermatozoa. The spermatozoa treated with liposome and CX-EGFP mixture was subsequently coincubated with DNaseI to remove the extra DNA which insured the authenticity of positive signals. The treated sperms were then subjected to transgene (reporter gene) existence analysis and artificial insemination of laying hens. Obtained results indicated that the spermatozoa were able to take-in the foreign DNA; which was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot analysis. In the following experiment, fresh ejaculated sperms were mixed with CX-EGFP-liposome or CX-EGFP-liposome-like complex then used for artificial insemination of each of six laying hens. Eggs laid between day-3 and day-7 post insemination were collected. Newly hatched chicks, two out of 53 from CX-EGFP/liposome treated group and two out of 21 from CXEGFP/liposome-like treated group, were proven to be transgenic. This study suggests that SMGT is a powerful method for generating transgenic chickens.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.1459-1463
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• 2006

This study explored yeast diauxic promoters using a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter to screen growth phase-controlled promoters applicable for foreign protein production. Twenty-five diauxic promoters were inserted into a yeast 2-micron vector in front of the reporter GFP gene. The expressed GFP signal intensity measurements showed that 23 out of the 25 promoters produced a significant fluorescent signal when the cells were in the diauxic growth phase. Among the two strongest promoters pYDL204W and pYLR258W, the former remained constantly active after its activation at the diauxic shift, whereas the latter was only transiently activated right after the deprivation of the medium glucose.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.36-43
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• 1997

In order to express the FLP recombinase in B. mori cultured cell line, BmN-4, transient expression system using a heat shock protein gene (hsp70) promoter of Dorosophilla melnogaster was constructed. This vector was designated as pHsSV. Activity strength of the hsp70 promoter was compared with that of immediate early gene (IE-1) and polyhedrin gene of BmNPV employing the E. coli $\beta$-galactosidase gene as a reporter gene. The result showed that the pHs $\beta$-gal plasmid vector expressed the $\beta$-galactosidase at 2nd and 3rd day after the transfer of plasmid DNA into BmN-4 cells, which was similar to that of pIE1 $\beta$-gal vector, but different from that of a recombinant virus, vBm $\beta$-gal. For the construction of FLP recombinase transient expression vector, the FLP recombinase gene was cloned by polymerase chain reaction technique. To express the FLP recombinase, this gene was inserted into pHsSV plasmid vector, under the control of the hsp70 promotor, and tranfected in BmN-4 cells. The expressed FLP recombinase was estimated at 44kDa on a 12.5% SDS-PAGE.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 2000

A cDNA encoding the luciferase of firefly Luciola lateralis was cloned downstream from the polyhedrin gene promoter of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus and expressed in B. mori cells (BmN-4). The coding soquence for luciferase was inserted into pBmKSK2 rectors) which was reconstructed from the polyhedrin-based transfer vector pBmKSKl by modifying cloning sites. Recombinant virus, BmK2-LUCDF, containing the luciferase gene was selected and purified in BmN-4 cells. The emission of luminescence by luciferase was only detected in BmK2-LUCDF-infected cell extracts. This result indicates that the cloned new luciferase gene of firefly L. lateralis can be expressed efficiently in baculovirus expression system and used as a useful reporter gene.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.740-746
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• 2004

In order to identify the anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of natural herbal extracts, widely used in the Korean traditional medicine, an in vitro screening system was designed using pGL3, a luciferase reporter vector, and the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and cyclooxygenase (COX)-II as target genes. The promoter regions of each gene was generated by PCR using the human chromosome as template DNA, and inserted into pGL3 vector with Kpnl and Hindlll. The final construct was transfected into human myleomonocytic leukemia cells (U937) that could be differentiated and activated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Using this system, we tested the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of several herbal extracts being regarded to have the medicinal effects of diminishing the body heat and complementing Qi. The well-known chemicals of PD98059 and berberine chloride were used as controls of the transcriptional inhibitors of TNF-α and COX-II, respectively. Among them, Salvia miltiorrhiza (Dan-Sam) was found to exhibit the significant medicinal properties of anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.726-735
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• 2020

Objective: Recent innovations in biology are boosting gene and cell therapy, but monitoring the response to these treatments is difficult. The purpose of this study was to find an MRI-reporter gene that can be used to monitor gene or cell therapy and that can be delivered without a viral vector, as viral vector delivery methods can result in long-term complications. Materials and Methods: CMV promoter-human organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B3 (CMV-hOATP1B3) cDNA or CMV-blank DNA (control) was transfected into HEK293 cells using Lipofectamine. OATP1B3 expression was confirmed by western blotting and confocal microscopy. In vitro cell phantoms were made using transfected HEK293 cells cultured in various concentrations of gadoxetic acid for 24 hours, and images of the phantoms were made with a 9.4T micro-MRI. In vivo xenograft tumors were made by implanting HEK293 cells transfected with CMV-hOATP1B3 (n = 4) or CMV-blank (n = 4) in 8-week-old male nude mice, and MRI was performed before and after intravenous injection of gadoxetic acid (1.2 µL/g). Results: Western blot and confocal microscopy after immunofluorescence staining revealed that only CMV-hOATP1B3-transfected HEK293 cells produced abundant OATP1B3, which localized at the cell membrane. OATP1B3 expression levels remained high through the 25th subculture cycle, but decreased substantially by the 50th subculture cycle. MRI of cell phantoms showed that only the CMV-hOATP1B3-transfected cells produced a significant contrast enhancement effect. In vivo MRI of xenograft tumors revealed that only CMV-hOATP1B3-transfected HEK293 tumors demonstrated a T1 contrast effect, which lasted for at least 5 hours. Conclusion: The human endogenous OATP1B3 gene can be non-virally delivered into cells to induce transient OATP1B3 expression, leading to gadoxetic acid-mediated enhancement on MRI. These results indicate that hOATP1B3 can serve as an MRI-reporter gene while minimizing the risk of long-term complications.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.371-376
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• 2016

Grapevine Algerian latent virus (GALV) is a member of the genus Tombusvirus in the Tombusviridae and infects not only woody perennial grapevine plant but also herbaceous Nicotiana benthamiana plant. In this study, we developed GALV-based gene expression and virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) vectors in N. benthamiana. The GALV coat protein deletion vector, pGMG, was applied to express the reporter gene, green fluorescence protein (GFP), but the expression of GFP was not detected due to the necrotic cell death on the infiltrated leaves. The p19 silencing suppressor of GALV was engineered to inactivate its expression and GFP was successfully expressed with unrelated silencing suppressor, HC-Pro, from soybean mosaic virus. The pGMG vector was used to knock down magnesium chelatase (ChlH) gene in N. benthamaina and the silencing phenotype was clearly observed on systemic leaves. Altogether, the GALV-derived vector is expected to be an attractive tool for useful gene expression and VIGS vectors in grapevine as well as N. benthamiana.