• 한국신뢰성학회지:신뢰성응용연구
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.159-167
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to study research trend in the field of warranty and maintenance policy of second-hand products. Methods: To this end, we consider research articles, which deal with warranty and maintenance of the second-hand products, published on journals during the past 20 years and classify them by taxonomy scheme proposed by Shafiee and Chukova (2013). The taxonomy scheme consists of three maintenance models in warranty for second-hand product. In each models, we analyze proposed maintenance and warranty policies with respect to types of upgrade models, types of preventive maintenances, decision variables and decision criteria model. Results: We obtain the scheme of maintenance and warranty of the second-hand products and define cost related to warranty and maintenance of the second-hand item. Also, we summarize the characteristics of maintenance and warranty policies in each classified model. Conclusion: There have been several research reviews on maintenance and warranty polity of new products. This research surveys researches of authors during the past 20 years and classifies, summarizes and compares proposed maintenance and warranty policies of the second-hand products. This research provides useful information to researchers who are interested in maintenance and warranty of the second-hand products.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.4031-4039
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• 2015

저출산 고령화로 헌혈인구는 감소하고, 노년층의 혈액사용량은 증가할 것으로 예상되어 혈액부족과 수혈의 안정성 문제가 대두되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 만성 퇴행성관절염인 슬관절과 고관절 전치환술 환자의 수혈에 영향을 주는 요인을 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 건강보험심사평가원의 2011년 환자표본자료 중 입원환자 5,370명을 대상으로 하였으며, SPSS 20 프로그램을 이용하여 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 독립변수로 사용된 변수는 병원특성과 환자특성으로 병원특성은 의료기관 종류, 설립구분, 기관소재지와 가동병상수를, 환자특성으로는 성, 연령, 중증도, 전신마취유무, 주 진단, 빈혈유무와 의료보험종류로 구분하였다. 분석결과, 슬관절전치환술 환자의 수혈에 유의한 영향을 미치는 변수로는 의료기관 종류, 기관소재지, 성, 연령, 중증도, 주 진단, 빈혈유무였으며, 고관절전치환술 환자의 수혈에 유의한 영향을 주는 변수로는 의료기관 종류, 기관소재지, 성, 연령, 중증도, 전신마취유무, 빈혈유무였다. 수혈현황과 영향요인을 분석한 본 연구는 비용 효과적이며, 양질의 의료를 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권10호
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• pp.493-502
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• 2019

최근, 기후변화 및 에너지고갈 등의 문제를 대응하기 위하여, 정부에서 추진하는 재생에너지 3020 정책을 기반으로 태양광전원을 포함한 신재생에너지의 설치가 큰 폭으로 증가되고 있다. 하지만, 설치된 태양광모듈은 주변 환경요인에 따라 다양한 열화현상이 발생하여, 전기적 성능과 수명이 크게 감소될 수 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여, 태양광모듈 판매사업자가 제시한 기대 수명 이전에 새로운 모듈로 교체되는 경우가 증가하고 있다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 태양광모듈의 성능저하율을 고려하여, 폐기 또는 새로운 모듈로 교체하는 시기를 평가할 수 있는 폐기진단 알고리즘을 제안한다. 또한, 비용요소와 편익요소로 구성된 경제성평가 모델링을 제시하고, 제안한 알고리즘을 바탕으로 태양광모듈의 성능저하율에 따른 경제성을 평가한 결과, 교체하기 전의 태양광모듈의 성능저하율은 3[%]이고, 교체한 경우의 성능저하율은 1[%]인 경우, 설치 후 10년째에 태양광모듈을 교체하는 것이 가장 큰 값(1.347)의 B/C ratio을 가지므로 최적의 경제적인 교체연도임을 알 수 있다. 따라서, 폐기 또는 교체 판별 여부와 어느 시기에 교체하는 것이 가장 경제적인가를 판단할 수 있어, 본 논문에서 제시한 알고리즘의 유용성을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.230-239
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• 2016

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the effect of geographic units of analysis on measuring geographic variation in medical services utilization. For this purpose, we compared geographic variations in the rates of eight major procedures in administrative units (districts) and new areal units organized based on the actual health care use of the population in Korea. Methods: To compare geographic variation in geographic units of analysis, we calculated the age-sex standardized rates of eight major procedures (coronary artery bypass graft surgery, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, surgery after hip fracture, knee-replacement surgery, caesarean section, hysterectomy, computed tomography scan, and magnetic resonance imaging scan) from the National Health Insurance database in Korea for the 2013 period. Using the coefficient of variation, the extremal quotient, and the systematic component of variation, we measured geographic variation for these eight procedures in districts and new areal units. Results: Compared with districts, new areal units showed a reduction in geographic variation. Extremal quotients and inter-decile ratios for the eight procedures were lower in new areal units. While the coefficient of variation was lower for most procedures in new areal units, the pattern of change of the systematic component of variation between districts and new areal units differed among procedures. Conclusions: Geographic variation in medical service utilization could vary according to the geographic unit of analysis. To determine how geographic characteristics such as population size and number of geographic units affect geographic variation, further studies are needed.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.43-56
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• 1996

The world dairy industry has been driving their dairy policy on the basis of the self-supportihg principle. With progressing the GATT negotiation, the objective production amount has been reduced to maintain the optimum level, which decreasing the extra supply and over-stock before the U.R talks. The Oceania countries, where has the price competition capability, are continually increasing the milk production amount. Even through the USA is trying to increase their production amount with new export policy, the U.S.S.R collapse-down caused to decrease the milk production in world-wide basis. Because the U.S.S.R produced the highest amount of milk in the world. Moreover Europe Union countries, which recorded the half amount of dairy products in the world was decreasing their milk production. Therefore, about 4% of shortage is encountering at major dairy production countries in the standpoint of supply and demand. The drastic increasement of foreign dairy product import affects the domestic dairy industry with raw milk replacement and new dairy food demands creation since 1995, the initial period of free import system. Now, the domestic dairy industry are facing the inevitable problems such as the correction of producting and processing system. First of all, our dairy industry should resettle down the dairy production structure on the basis of self-supply of raw milk and offer the accurate dairy food informations. We still need to improve the raw milk quality. Also, more efforts are needed to have proper raw milk price policy. General domestic policies including the settlement of raw milk supply and demand, the reliability of inspection system in raw milk, ideal raw milk price system, centralization of raw milk collection, specially separated dairy organization should be improved legally in our dairy industry.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2017

Objectives: The accurate measurement of geographic patterns of health care utilization is a prerequisite for the study of geographic variations in health care utilization. While several measures have been developed to measure how accurately geographic units reflect the health care utilization patterns of residents, they have been only applied to hospitalization and need further evaluation. This study aimed to evaluate geographic indices describing health care utilization. Methods: We measured the utilization rate and four health care utilization indices (localization index, outflow index, inflow index, and net patient flow) for eight major procedures (coronary artery bypass graft surgery, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, surgery after hip fracture, knee replacement surgery, caesarean sections, hysterectomy, computed tomography scans, and magnetic resonance imaging scans) according to three levels of geographic units in Korea. Data were obtained from the National Health Insurance database in Korea. We evaluated the associations among the health care utilization indices and the utilization rates. Results: In higher-level geographic units, the localization index tended to be high, while the inflow index and outflow index were lower. The indices showed different patterns depending on the procedure. A strong negative correlation between the localization index and the outflow index was observed for all procedures. Net patient flow showed a moderate positive correlation with the localization index and the inflow index. Conclusions: Health care utilization indices can be used as a proxy to describe the utilization pattern of a procedure in a geographic unit.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.399-411
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• 2019

Background: This study aimed to explore the associations of social-demographic, health-behavioral, and woman-specific factors with the non-screening status of the cervical cancer screening test in Korean adult women. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional analysis of 9,698 Korean adult women aged 20 years or more who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys V (2010-2012). Rao-Scott chi-square tests and survey logistic regression analyses were employed respectively to analyze the difference in the non-screening status of the cervical cancer screening test by each characteristic and to explore the factors related to the non-screening status. Results: The rate of the non-screening status of the cervical cancer screening test was 53.5% over the previous 2 years. In the survey logistics regression analysis, age, marital status, educational levels, income levels, residential area, occupation, private health insurance, smoking, alcohol, obesity, menstrual status, pregnancy experience, and hormone replacement therapy were significantly associated with the non-screening status of the cervical cancer screening test. Conclusion: On the basis of the results of this study, some social-demographic, health-behavioral, and woman-specific characteristics of Korean adult women seem to affect the non-screening status of the cervical cancer screening test. Therefore, appropriate health policies need to be designed, implemented, monitored, and evaluated to reduce the non-screening status of the cervical cancer screening test of them.

• 신재생에너지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.10-22
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• 2022

Forest biomass energy is based on scientific evidence in response to carbon neutrality and the climate crisis, international consensus, and environmental-geographic characteristics of each nation. In this study, the authors aimed to analyze macroscopic forest biomass energy policies for ten major countries. They categorized them into six detailed categories (Sustainable utilization, Cascading Uutilization, Replacement of fossil fuel/Carbon intensive products, Utilization of forest by-products/residues as the source of energy, Contribution to carbon-neutral/climate change, and Biomass combined with CCS/CCUS ). In addition, the surveyed nations have developed a policy consensus on the active use of forest biomass with sustainable forest management except for the cascading utilization category. Furthermore, the authors evaluated the mid to long-term plans of the Korean government for improvements in the policy and legal aspects. As a result, the authors derived four major directions that South Korea should approach strategically in the future (1) secure financial resources for sustainable forest management and stimulating investment in the timber industry, (2) promote unified policies to establish a bio-economy, (3) enhancement of the forest biomass energy system, and (4) reorganization and promotion of strategy centered on the opinions of field experts in internal and external instability.

• 한국정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보과학회 2005년도 가을 학술발표논문집 Vol.32 No.2 (1)
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• pp.253-255
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• 2005

P2P 웹 캐싱 기술은 자신의 로컬 캐시에서 원하는 웹 객체를 찾지 못한 경우, 중앙 서버나 프락시 서버로부터 웹 객체를 받기 전에 P2P 네트워크에 참여하는 이웃으로부터 웹 객체를 받음으로써 기존의 서버-클라이언트 방식을 탈피하여 중앙 서버의 고장에 영향을 적게 받고, 중앙 서버로의 과도한 부하를 막아준다. 기존의 많은 P2P 웹 캐싱 시스템은 피어의 로컬 캐시 교체 정책으로 LRU기법을 사용한다. 하지만 이는 P2P 환경을 고려하지 않는 단순한 정책이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 P2P 환경을 고려한 디렉토리 기반의 웹 캐싱 시스템을 통해서 P2P 협력적인 캐시 교체 정책을 제시하고 실제 웹 로그 트레이스로 시뮬레이션을 하여, 제안하는 교체 정책이 효과가 있음을 기술한다.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1174-1181
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• 2011

This paper investigates the current established preventive maintenance and its corresponding data on a point machine among railway signalling facilities and suggests a part of considerable plans when the policy of the preventive maintenance is modified. It is not appropriated to apply the optimized preventive replacement period considered with the cost simply. In that case, it is suggested that the reliability should be analyzed failure mode and effects through collecting the on-site failure data sufficiently. Then, that result can be proposed to adjust the proper criteria into the rational way by comparing the initial maintenance criteria. In this paper, the alternative way to determine the feasibility of the inspection period using failure probability is introduced.