• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.661-672
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate whether mat exercise and field exercise have effectiveness on the balance and gait in older adults. Thirty subjects were participated in this study. And they were all randomly divided into mat exercise and field exercise group. To evaluate the effects of mat and field exercise, subjects were evaluated by using One Leg Stand test which was static balance test, and Berg Balance test which was dynamic balance test. Finally Gait pattern was assessed by using 3-dimensional gait analysis system. The assessment parameters were evaluated before, after 3 weeks, and after 6 weeks treatments. And we received a consent form from all subjects. The results of repeated measures analysis of variance showed that One Leg Stand, Berg Balance, Stride length, Cadence, Velocity were significantly increased after than before exercise in both groups. So we conclude that therapeutic exercise that is mat and field exercise has effectiveness on the balance and gait in older adults.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.11-19
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• 2005

Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is often attributed to malalignment and maltracking of patella within the patellofemoral joint. Most exercise for PFPS has focused on selectively strengthening the vastus medialis oblique muscle (VMO). This study was designed to identify the effect of medial, lateral wedge and difference of Quadriceps angle (Q-angle) on vastus medialis oblique/vastus lateralis muscle (VL) activity ratios. The subjects were twenty young adult males who had not experienced any knee injury. They were asked to perform isometric contraction exercises in three postures using medial and lateral wedge. The EMG activity of the VL and VMO were recorded in three postures by surface electrodes and normalized by %MVC values derived from seated, isometric knee extensions. The normalized EMG activity levels (%MVC) of the VL and VMO for the three postures of the lower extremities were compared using 2-way repeated measures ANOVA with 1 between-subject factor (group), and 1 within-subject factor (wedge). Results of repeated measures of ANOVA's revealed that the medial wedge isometric contraction exercise produced significantly greater EMG activity of VMO/VL ratios in Group I (Q-angle $18^{\circ}$ or less) (p<.05). But, the medial wedge isometric contraction exercise was no significant difference of VMO/VL ratios in Group II (Q-angle $19^{\circ}$ or more) (p>.05). These results have important implications for selective VMO muscle strengthening exercises in PFPS patients.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2004

Most exercise for Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) has focused on selectively strengthening the vastus medialis oblique muscle (VMO). Although open chain knee extension exercises are effective for increasing overall quadriceps strength, they are not always indicated for PFPS rehabilitation. This study was designed to identify the effect of combined posture of lower extremity on Electromyographic (EMG) activity of the vastus lateralis muscle (VL) and VMO during static squat exercises. The subjects were twenty young adult males who had not experienced any knee injury and their Q-angle was within a normal range. They were asked to perform static squat exercises in five various postures using their lower extremities. The EMG activity of the VL and VMO were recorded in five exercises by surface electrodes and normalized by %MVC values derived from seated, isometric knee extensions. The normalized EMG activity levels (%MVC) of the VL and VMO for the five postures of the lower extremities were compared using one way ANOVA with repeated measures. Results of repeated measures of ANOVA's revealed that exercise 3 and exercise 5 produced significantly greater EMG activity of VMO/VL ratios than exercise 1 (p<.05). When the static squat exercise was combined with hip adduction and toes pointed outwardly, the EMG activity of VMO/VL rates was increased. The EMG activity of VMO/VL ratio was highest during static squat exercises performed on a decline squat. These results haveimportant implications for progressive and selective VMO muscle strengthening exercises in PFPS patients.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.171-183
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• 1994

Purphose. This present study examines the effect of brief, intense transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(BTENS) on sensory nerve conduction, electrical pain threshold, and two-point discrimination measured at the superficial radial nevre distribution in 20 healthy subjects. Subjects. Twenty volunteercs, (10 females and 10 males(age range : 20-38 years : $mean{\pm}SD\;:\;27.00{\pm}5.12$), only subjects without prior traumatological and pathological were eligible to participated in this study. Methods. Nerve conduction were determined for the right superficial radial nerve. Electrical pain threshold were determined for the right wrist ipsilateral to the site of BTENS. Small disc electrodes were attached to the surface of the skin stradding the end of the radius. Square wave electrical pulses were delivered from an isolated stimulator through a constant current device at a frequency of 2 Hz(5 ms pulse width). Two-point discrimination, measured on the sensory distribution of superficial radial nerve. BTENS was delivered using a Max-SD( Medical design co.) portable battery powered stimulator. A cicular Ag/AgCl electrode in contact with hypertonic saline gel was attached to the lateral(radial side) surface of the forearm. Results. No significant effects were observed between stimulation methods in the prestimulation cycle(multi-way ANOVA repeated measures : distal latency ; F1.14=0.332. amplitude ; F 0.80=0.445, pain threshold ; F0.06=0.940.2 point discrimination ; F1.50=0.236). Highly significant effects were observed time with the pretreatment and 6 posttreatment cycles(p<0.01). Mighty significants differences in nerve conduction and pain threshold were found using un multi-way ANOVA repeated measures among stimulation methods for each cycles(p<0.01). Conclusion and Discussion The authors concludes that both nerve conduction and pain threshold changes are associated with therapy (stimulation) level of BTENS.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.623-632
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• 2016

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of an offered blanket on the anxiety of patients undergoing brain MRI. The participants were 52 patients who underwent brain MRI in C university hospital of G city. Blanket was applied to the experimental group (n=26) before MRI. Data were collected from May to December 2015, and analysed using the chi-squared test, the independent t-test, and repeated measures ANOVA. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the anxiety measured by STAI of the two groups. But, the level of anxiety measured by the visual analog scales was reduced in the experimental group (t=-2.75, p=0.008). There were no difference in the blood pressure and pulse rate in the experimental and control groups. Therefore, further study is needed to decrease the level of anxiety of patients undergoing brain MRI.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.641-650
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate whether Mulligan manual therapy and Physical therapy have effectiveness on the pain and muscle assessment questionnaire in female elders with osteoarthritis of the knee. Thirty subjects were participated in this study. And they were all randomly divided into Mulligan manual therapy and Physical therapy group. To evaluate the effects of Mulligan manual therapy and Physical therapy, subjects were evaluated by using visual analogue scale and muscle assessment questionnaire. The assessment parameters were evaluated before, after 2 weeks, and after 4 weeks treatments. And we received a consent form from Mulligan manual therapy subjects. The results of repeated measures analysis of variance showed that pain, strength, endurance, coordination/balance were significantly improved after than before therapy in Mulligan manual therapy group. So we conclude that Mulligan manual therapy has effectiveness on the pain and muscle assessment questionnaire in female elders with osteoarthritis of the knee.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.57-63
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• 2011

Purpose: The aim of this research is to determine whether there is a significant correlation between the angle of the hallux valgus and dorsi-flexion of the 1st metatarsophalangeal joint (1st MPJ) as a physical factor that has a significant influence on healthy human walking. Methods: The subjects of this research were 65 female adults (130 feet) and the methods used included recording of real measurements and conducting a questionnaire. The acquired data is analyzed by the 'Simple Pearson Correlation Analysis' and 'Repeated Measures Analysis' methods. Results: The research result shows that the left area of -0.74706 and the right area of -0.76 have a relatively high negative correlation (p<0.00). Also, after conducting the 'Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance' of the angles of the hallux valgus and dorsi-flexion of the 1st metatarsophalangeal joint (1st MPJ), the result also shows that the left and right areas of -0.75 have a relatively high negative correlation. Conclusion: The present study was performed for the identification of a significant correlation between the angle of the hallux valgus and dorsi-flexion of the 1st MPJ. From the results of this study, we confirmed that there is a clear tendency for the average distribution rates of Hallux Valgus and Hallux Rigidus (Hallux Limitus) of women to show a higher increase in proportion to age.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.125-132
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• 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of targeted knee flexion angle on biomechanical factors of knee joint between upward and downward phases during the forward lunge. Method: Eight elderly subjects (age: $22.23{\pm}1.51years$, weight: $69{\pm}6.63kg$, height: $174.88{\pm}6.85cm$) participated in this study. All reflective marker data and ground reaction force during a forward lunge were collected. The knee joint movement and reaction force and joint moment at maximum knee flexion angle were compared by repeated measures one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (p<.05). The peak knee joint reaction force and joint moment between upward and downward phases were compared by repeated measures two-way ANOVA (p<.05). Results: The anterior and vertical knee joint movements, reaction force, and extensor moment of $80^{\circ}$ targeted knee flexion condition at maximum knee flexion angle was greater than both $90^{\circ}$ and $100^{\circ}$ conditions (p<.05). The $80^{\circ}$ knee flexed angle condition had greater peak joint reaction force and extensor moment compared with both $90^{\circ}$ and $100^{\circ}$ conditions between upward and downward phases during the forward lunge. Conclusion: As the targeted knee joint flexion angle increases, knee joint movement and kinetic variables become greater during the forward lunge exercise.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.99-108
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• 2020

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of the confusion level in performing dual tasks using smartphones while walking in subjects with chronic ankle instability (CAI). METHODS: Twenty subjects with CAI and 20 healthy subjects participated in the study. The spatial, temporal, spatial-temporal, and variability gait parameters were measured using GAITRite under four different conditions: general gait, web surfing during gait, texting during gait, and gaming during gait. Two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to analyze the interaction according to the group (2) and confusion level in dual-tasks (4). One-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to compare the changes within the group according to the confusion level in dual-tasks. The changes between groups were compared using an independent t-test. The statistical significance level was set to p = .05. RESULTS: Significant interactions in the temporal and spatial-temporal gait parameters were found between the dual-task conditions and the other groups (p < .05). Significant within-group differences in the spatial, temporal, and spatial-temporal gait parameters were found according to the confusion level in dual tasks (p < .05). Significant between-group differences were observed in the temporal and spatial-temporal gait parameters according to the confusion level in dual tasks (p < .05). CONCLUSION: The effect of the confusion level in dual tasks was greater in subjects with CAI than in healthy individuals. This study suggests that to prevent reinjury to the ankle, subjects with CAI should avoid dual tasks such as using smartphones while walking.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.147-158
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to propose an effective exercise for the prevention of osteoporosis by analyzing changes in bone metabolism markers and adipocytokines according to the application of modern dance. The objects were selected between t-score -1.0 to -2.5 and subjects were random assigned to the modern dance group(n=10) and control group(n=10). Modern dance was held three times a week for 60min, for 12weeks. For data analysis, two-way repeated measures ANOVA was analyzed using SPSS. As a result of the study, both osteocalcin(p<.01) and T-score(p<.05) were significantly increased in the modern dance group. Adiponectin(p<.05) was increased significantly and Both TNF-α (p<.05) and IL-6(p<.05) were significantly decreased in the modern dance group. As a result, modern dance is considered to be an effective strategy to prevent osteoporosis, and it is expected to have a positive effect on metabolism and function improvement in elderly women with osteopenia.