• 영어어문교육
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.77-101
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• 2006

The present study examines various pedagogical functions of conversational repair strategies employed by the teacher in the ESL classroom. As part of interactional resources, conversational repair is defined as the treatment of trouble occurring in interactive language use and is originally designed to deal with communication problems. Research on conversational repair has focused on ordinary conversation and organization of repair practices. Studies on more pedagogical functions of repair sequences initiated by the teacher are very few. The data were from five hours of ESL structure classes in an intensive English institute at a large U.S. university. They were closely transcribed and microanalyzed following the conversation-analytic methodology. The analysis found that ESL teachers' repair techniques not only resolve communication problems but they are also designed to serve several important instructional purposes of teaching the target language. They include creating opportunities of comprehensible input, inducing modified comprehensible output from students, guiding and controlling student output, and initiating corrections by initiating repair.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2021

The surgical repair of an Achilles tendon acute rupture is a proven, traditional treatment for optimal functional recovery. However, concerns regarding complications such as re-rupture, wound problems and infections are driving new techniques, including minimally invasive approaches and nonoperative treatments. If we understand the characteristics and contemplate treatment strategies for possible complications, the surgical repair of the Achilles tendon is an attractive option and can be expected to yield satisfactory functional recovery.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.58-64
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• 2011

Minimally invasive techniques for pediatric inguinal hernia repair have been evolving in recent years. We applied the laparoscopic method to repair pediatric inguinal hernia using the techniques of sac transection and intra-corporeal ligation. Between November 2008 and August 2010, 67 pediatric patients (47 boys and 20 girls) with inguinal hernias were included in this study. Postoperative activities, pain, and complication were checked prospectively at regular follow-up. One patient presented with clinically bilateral hernia, and three patients had metachronous hernias. Thirty-two cases out of 63 patients with unilateral hernias had a patent processus vaginalis on the contralateral side. Mean operation time was $35{\pm}11.4$ minutes for unilateral hernias and $43{\pm}11$ minutes for bilateral hernias. There were no intra-operative complications. One patient had a small hematoma on the groin postoperatively, which subsided spontaneously in a week. Recurrence and metachronous hernia were not found at follow up. In summary, laparoscopic inguinal repair in children is safe, easy to perform and has an additional advantage of contralateral exploration. Further studies should include long term follow-up.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.277-281
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• 2017

Traumatic cleft earlobes are a common problem encountered by plastic and reconstructive surgeons. Various techniques have been reported for the repair of traumatic cleft earlobes. Usually, the techniques of split earlobe repair are divided into two categories, namely straight- and broken-line repairs. Straight-line repair is simple and easy, but scar contracture frequently results in notching of the inferior border of the lobule. It can be avoided by the broken-line repair such as Z-plasty, L-plasty, or a V-shaped flap. Between April 2016 and February 2017, six patients who presented with traumatic cleft earlobe underwent surgical correction using a combination of the inverted V-shaped excision technique and vertical mattress suture method. All the patients were female and had a unilateral complete cleft earlobe. No postoperative notching of the inferior border the lobule occurred during 6-16 months of follow-up. Without the use of a broken-line repair, both the patients and the operators attained aesthetically satisfactory results. Therefore, the combination of the inverted V-shaped excision technique and vertical mattress suture method is considered useful in the treatment of traumatic cleft earlobes.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.261-273
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• 2022

Over the last decade, the scientific community has been actively developing technologies for automated software bug fixes called Automated Program Repair (APR). Several APR techniques have recently been proposed to effectively address multiple classroom programming errors. However, little attention has been paid to the advances in effective APR techniques for software bugs that are widely occurring during the software life cycle maintenance phase. To further enhance the concept of software testing and debugging, we recommend an optimized automated software repair approach based on hybrid technology (OAPR-HOML'1). The first contribution of the proposed OAPR-HOML'1 technique is to introduce an improved grasshopper optimization (IGO) algorithm for fault location identification in the given test projects. Then, we illustrate an opposition learning based artificial neural network (OL-ANN) technique to select AST node-level transformation schemas to create the sketches which provide automated program repair for those faulty projects. Finally, the OAPR-HOML'1 is evaluated using Defects4J benchmark and the performance is compared with the modern technologies number of bugs fixed, accuracy, precession, recall and F-measure.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2008

해저광케이블은 국제통신의 98% 이상을 처리하고 있는 국가의 중요한 정보통신 인프라이다. 하지만 선박의 닻, 어선의 어구, 해저 지진 등 다양한 요인으로 인해 고장이 발생하며, 고장 발생시 대용량 해저통신 트래픽의 영향을 최소화하고, 케이블 수리 선박의 운영비용 절감을 위해서 수리 기간을 최대한 단축해야 한다. 해저광케이블 고장 유형은 Shunt Fault, Cable Cut, Open Fault, Fiber Break 등 여러 유형이 있으며, 고장이 발생하면 육상 터미널 국사(육양국)에서 정확하고 신속하게 고장 유형 및 고장 지점을 파악하고, 케이블 수리 선박은 수리 현장으로 출동하여 수리 작업을 수행하게 된다. 수리작업 기간 중 육양국에서는 케이블 수리 선박에서 요청하는 각종 Test를 수행하게 되며, 이때 육양국 Test 기법은 매우 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 해저광케이블 고장 유형 및 고장 지점 탐지 기법을 제시하고, 해저광케이블 수리기간 단축을 위한 육양국 Test 기법을 고찰하고자 한다.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.82-89
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• 2008

이상적인 회전근 개 봉합술은 봉합 초기 높은 고정 강도로 봉합 부위 건-골간 간격 형성을 최소화시키며, 재활 과정 중 발생하는 반복적인 부하에도 견디는 기계적 강도를 나타내어 궁극적으로 건-골 조직의 생물학적 치유를 얻을 수 있는 방법이다. 현재 사용되는 회전근 개 봉합술 중 교량형 봉합술식은 회전근 개 부착 부위를 해부학적으로 복원할 수 있으며, 건-골간 압력 접촉 면적을 증가시키고, 방사형의 봉합 형태를 통하여 회전근 개 전체에 균등하게 압력을 분포함으로 부하를 분산시키며 생물학적 치유를 향상시킨다. 또한 건-골간 간격 형성을 최소화하며 전단 및 회전 응력에 저항력을 주어 정상과 동일한 해부학적 복원력으로 빠른 재활 운동을 가능하게 한다. 그러나 비록 교량형 봉합술식이 다른 술식에 비해 우수한 생역학적 특성을 나타내도 임상적으로 더 좋은 결과를 초래한다는 증거는 없으며, 이열 봉합술과는 비슷한 재파열율이 보고되고 있다. 회전근 개봉합술의 선택은 회전근 개 파열 크기, 파열 양상 및 건의 상태 등을 고려하여 적절하게 선택하여야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.281-285
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• 2011

Sinus floor elevation is a predictable and standard procedure for the treatment of the posterior maxilla before insertion of dental implants. Although overall complication rates are low, complications can occur including sinus membrane perforation, infection of sinus, swelling and hemorrhage. The most common complication is membrane perforation. Recently, various techniques and materials for repair of perforation to the sinus membrane have been proposed. The purpose of this article is to report on various techniques and materials that can be used for repair of perforations to the sinus membrane. The search protocol used was the following electronic database: Pubmed, with a time limit from 1998 to 2009. The key words such as 'sinus lift', 'sinus augmentation', 'sinus floor elevation', 'sinus graft', 'sinus perforation', 'repair of sinus perforation' and 'repair of sinus membrane' were used, alone and in combination, when searching the database. Various techniques have been proposed to manage of perforation of sinus membranes. These include that the use of collagen membranes, demineralized freeze-dried human lamellar bone sheets, processed human allografts, lamella bone, buccal fat pads and suturing. Implant success rate ranges from 69.9% to 98.9%.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.323-334
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• 2021

Concrete structures may rarely collapse in fire incidents but fire induced damage to structural members is inevitable as a result of material degradation and thermal expansion. This requires certain repairing measures to be applied to restore the performance of post-fire members. A brief review on investigation of post-fire damage of concrete material and concrete structural members is presented in this paper, followed by a review of post-fire repair research regarding various types of repairing techniques (FRP, steel plate, and concrete section enlargement) and different type of structural members including columns, beams, and slabs. Particularly, the fire scenarios adopted in these studies leading to damage are categorized as three levels according to the duration of gas-phase temperature above 600℃ (t₆₀₀). The repair effectiveness in terms of recovered performance of concrete structural members compared to the initial undamaged performance has been summarized and compared regarding the repairing techniques and fire intensity levels. The complied results have shown that recovering the ultimate strength is achievable but the stiffness recovery is difficult. Moreover, the current fire loading scenarios adopted in the post-fire repair research are mostly idealized as constant heating rates or standard fire curves, which may have produced unrealistic fire damage patterns and the associated repairing techniques may be not practical. For future studies, the realistic fire impact and the system-level structural damage investigation are necessary.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2014

Recently, surgical outcomes of repair of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) have improved. For patients with TOF older than 3 months, primary repair has been advocated regardless of symptoms. However, a surgical approach to symptomatic TOF in neonates or very young infants remains elusive. Traditionally, there have been two surgical options for these patients: primary repair versus an initial aortopulmonary shunt followed by repair. Early primary repair provides several advantages, including avoidance of shunt-related complications, early relief of hypoxia, promotion of normal lung development, avoidance of ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis, and psychological comfort to the family. Because of advances in cardiopulmonary bypass techniques and accumulated experience in neonatal cardiac surgery, primary repair in neonates with TOF has been performed with excellent early outcomes (early mortality<5%), which may be superior to the outcomes of aortopulmonary shunting. A remaining question regarding surgical options is whether shunts can preserve the pulmonary valve annulus for TOF neonates with pulmonary stenosis. Symptomatic neonates and older infants have different anatomies of right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) obstructions, which in neonates are nearly always caused by a hypoplastic pulmonary valve annulus instead of infundibular obstruction. Therefore, a shunt is less likely to preserve the pulmonary valve annulus than is primary repair. Primary repair of TOF can be performed safely in most symptomatic neonates. Patients who have had primary repair should be closely followed up to evaluate the RVOT pathology and right ventricular function.