• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.1-17
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• 2018

Over the past five years (2010-2014), the total number of traffic accidents has decreased from 226,878 to 223,552 with decrease of 0.37 percent each year. The death toll has also decreased from 5,505 to 4,762. However, the number of rental car accidents and fatalities has been steadily increased. Despite of its growth, no previous study has been conducted on rental car accident severity. This study analyzed data of 18,050 rental car accidents in South Korea collected from 2010 to 2014 and then processed in order to identify which factors could affect the accident severity. Seventeen factors related to rental car accident severity were grouped into four categories: driver, vehicle, roadways and environment. As a result of the ordered probit model analysis, fourteen variables excluding age, intersection, and day of week were found to affect the severity of rental car accidents. The results of the study summarized as follows. First of all, violation of traffic regulations such as speeding increase the severity of rental car accidents. Secondly, rental accident severity is higher at curved sections of complicated roadway, which the driver's field of view is impaired. The results of this study can be used to reduce the severity of rental car accidents in transportation safety.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.61-78
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• 2017

Among several policies for industrial decentralization introduced since the 1960s, business relocation grant policies put a heavy financial burden on central and local governments. This study investigates the change in the likelihood of manufacturing establishments' relocation to the non-SMA associate with the change in business relocation grant policies. Using the mining and manufacturing survey data from 1996 to 2014, manufacturing firms' relocation decision model in nested logit structure was estimated. The data showed that the proportion of movements from the SMA to the non-SMA significantly increased after the introduction of the grant policies. However, estimation results of firms' relocation decision model indicated that the likelihood of firms relocating from the SMA to the non-SMA decreased after the introduction of the grant policies. In particular, firms' likelihood to move into the rural regions is even lower in the period of the grant extension. This suggests that increasing rate of relocations toward the rural regions may have been driven by the growing advantage of rural locations, such as low land rent and improvement in market accessibility, rather than the grants per se. This implies that the alleviation of physical and environmental constraints of the rural regions and the creation of business friendly environment such as easy access to premises at reasonable prices and strengthened linkage with the SMA, rather than simple provision of business relocation grants, needed to attract businesses in the rural regions.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.49-57
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• 2017

This study intends to determine the decision making criteria of leasing in mix-used shopping mall, analyze the variation of their weight by store size inside mall and lend-lease perspective for lessor and lessee towards the identification of optimal leasing environment in mix-used shopping mall development. The decision making have been identified based on the number of prior literature review and expert consultation. And the AHP methodology and Fuzzy theory have been implemented to develop the weight for criteria based on experts survey. Research finding indicates that the 2 categories with 6 criteria and 24 sub-criteria have been determined. It is noteworthy that the large sized group would be located in both ends on main floor with their requested store size; middle sized group done over second floor with low rent by attracting with both competitive brands and key-tenants; small sized group done in both ends on main floor or on 2 to 3 floor connecting to main circulation. This should be examined in the planning stage of SPA lessee solicitation by the lessor in mix-used shopping mall development project.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.213-226
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• 2014

The objective of this paper is to investigate the factors determining the premium of coffee shops by using coffee-shop lease cases at main retail trade areas in Seoul. The focus is on analyzing that the coffee-shops' the sales, building, location and retail trade area characteristics affects the coffee shop's premium. The major findings are as follows. First, there is a high positive correlation between the premium and the sales, and the sales and the size of the shop are shown to be statistically significant variables in estimating the premium per $3.3m^2$. It means that the shop's sale is empirically important an independent variable in determining the premium and as the major costs in the process of starting the business. Second, the deposit money per $3.3m^2$ and public service officers in the retail areas are important in determining the premium. Third, the size of the shop have the effects on the premium per $3.3m^2$ negatively. In short, this study adopts the research hypothesis that retail trade area, location, building of the characteristics, which is located in the coffee shops have the effects on the premium.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.131-138
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• 1974

The author has conducted survey on the status of physical growth and morbidity of the children for christian children's fund programme, as a means of collecting basic data for the anticipated establishment of a health planning. A total 345 children aged 9 to 16 underwent C.C.F. programme while as a control, a total of 480 children of same ages from the middle-class school children in Jeonju area was also studied. As results of survey conducted for a period of one month (form July 1 to 31, 1974) on a total 429 children in 347 households living in Jeonju area. I. Socio-economic background 1. By educational status of the children, 39.9 per cent of the total children was attending at primary school, 33.8 per cent in middle school and 15.6 per cent in high school. 2. The greatest proportion or 28.8 per cent of the household head were engaged in labor, 17.9 per cent in peddler and 13.2 per cent in retail. 3. As for the living standard of the households, low class constitued 90.1 per cent, middle and high classes only 9.9 per cent. 4. 39.5 per cent of the households had their own house, 39.1 per cent lived in rent deposit house or rooms and 14.6 per cent in monthly rented house and rooms. II. Physical growth and nutritional status 1. The growth of children for C.C.F. programme in terms of height was found to be slightly smaller than the school children. The ages frm 9 to 16 corespond to the 'secondary growth and replenishment period and this period was regarded to be the one most affected by environmental and nutritional factors of all the other periods of growth and developmet. 2. The body weight of the children for C.C.F. presented a quite different pattern from that of the school children. The above findings appeared thin-and-long stature from the famillies with higher living standard while those from the household with low standard of living had a short-and-plump one. 3. According to the values of Rohrer's index, the children of C.C.F carried a higher degree of 'replenishment' than the children in Jeonju area and adolesecence comes later for the girls under C.C.F. programme. III. Morbidity 1. The monthly prevalence rate was 110.0 per thousand persons for the children under C.C.F. programme. 2. The total number of case was classified by timing of the incidence as follws. 40.0 per cent was constituted by diseases carried over from tile previous month and 60.0 per cent by new incidences. 3. The diseases were broken down by W.H.O. disease classification into the greatest proportion or 39.1 per thousand person constituted by disease of the digestive system.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.443-450
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• 1998

This study was performed to find the environmental factors of inquiry instruction perceived by secondary school science teacher. The instrument consisted of three domains such as teaching conditions, viewpoints of secondary school science teachers of environmental factors for inquiry instruction, and barrier and improve! rent factors of inquiry instruction. Teaching conditions between middle school and high school science teachers were not different significantly. Environmental factors of inquiry instruction of secondary school science teacher included five factors such as 'facilities and encouragement', 'amount of works and materials', 'teacher education and textbook', 'practice and knowledge' and 'perception of necessity and satisfaction'. And all factors except 'perception of necessity and satisfaction' were very low state for inquiry instruction. In the disturbant and improving factors, the critical factors were 'over students per class', 'textbook' and 'learning materials' for middle school science teachers, and 'over students per class', and 'entrance examination' for high school science teachers. Thus the development and diffusion of adequate inquiry learning materials may be helpful to practicing inquiry instruction as decrease of works and psychological charges, and it is needed to reorganize systematically and intensify pre- and in-service teacher education to practice inquiry instruction.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.49-68
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was 1) to review communal housing in the UK, 2) to consider the policy implications for elderly communal housing in Korea. The research methods used were 1) literature review about communal housing and related policy in the UK 2) field survey in the UK 3) interpretative suggestion for the proper policy implication to develope communal housing for the elderly in Korea. Sheltered housing in the UK had been developed as communal housing for the elderly with special needs since the 1970s. The type of sheltered housing were category 1 and category 2. Very sheltered housing with more facilities and meal services was added in 1980s. Sheltered housing was evaluated as the most humanistic solution for older people in the UK in 1980s. Because of the policy of moving institutional care to community care, sheltered housing became less in demand because of more options for older people including being able to stay in their own home. So new completion of sheltered housing by registered social landlords reduced saliently. Sheltered housing already totalled over half million units in which 5% of all elderly over 65 still lived and a small quantity of private sector for sale schemes emerged in the 1990s. The reason why the residents moved to sheltered housing was for sociable, secure, and manageable living arrangements. In general the residents were satisfied with these characteristics but dissatisfied with the service charge and quality of meals, especially in category 2.5 schemes. The degree of utilisation of communal spaces and facilities depended on the wardens ability and enthusiasm. Evaluation of sheltered housing indicated several problems such as wardens duty as a \"good neighbour\" ; difficult-to-let problems with poor location or individual units of bedsittiing type with shared bathroom ; and the under use of communal spaces and facilities. Some ideas to solve these problems were suggested by researchers through expanding wardens duty as a professional, opening the scheme to the public, improving interior standards, and accepting non-elderly applicants who need support. Some researchers insisted continuing development of sheltered housing, but higher standards must be considered for the minority who want to live in communal living arrangement. Recently, enhanced sheltered housing with greater involvement of relatives and with tied up policy in registration and funding suggested as an alternative for residential care. In conclusion, the rights of choice for older people should be policy support for special needs housing. Elderly communal housing, especially a model similar to sheltered housing category 2 with at least 1 meal a day might be recommended for a Korean Model. For special needs housing development either for rent or for sale, participation of the public sector and long term and low interest financial support for the private sector must be developed in Korea. Providing a system for scheme managers to train and retrain must be encouraged. The professional ability of the scheme manager to plan and to deliver services might be the most important factor for the success of elderly communal housing projects in Korea. In addition the expansion of a public health care service, the development of leisure programs in Senior Citizens Centre, home helper both for the elderly in communal housing and the elderly in mainstream housing of the community as well. Providing of elderly communal housing through the modified general Construction Act rather than the present Elderly Welfare Act might be more helpful to encourage the access of general people in Korea. in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.108-115
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• 2016

The price determinant for land investment depends on the internal information process and subjective decision making by management in general. Accordingly, the systematic frame to determine the feasibility of investment price to the public residential land for multi-housing development by private sector has not been proposed. The purpose of this study is to explore the frame to determine the investment price for public residential land from the perspectives of land attribute and apartment market factor. Multiple regression has been implemented to confirm the eligibility of proposed model. Research findings indicate that the land area, floor area ratio, coverage ratio, location have been identified as the total land cost determinant, and for the determinants for floor area land cost, the ratio of apartment, sale price, rent price, etc, have been identified. This research intends to provide the basis for land providers to predict the land value as a raw material in market and present the indicators for land buyers to review the price adequacy for the investment.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.343-349
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• 2015

A study survey about the rice cake producers completing the food hygiene education in Korea was investigated by characteristics of the rice cake business. The difference between their online and offline awareness of food hygiene education were compared. The average age of rice cake producers is 50 (40.1%), with a high school education (52.6%), 10-20 years of service (34.3%) showed the highest percentage. In relation to sales and work area, workshop personnel are engaged in two (79.5%), An area of less than $99.17m^2$ (92.0%), rent (60.2%) with most paying a monthly rental amount of less than 1 million won (54.8%). There were 228 accident cases in three years (an annual average of 2.4%), manufacturing, Processing the item number was less than 20 types of analysis (86.7%). Case of food hygiene education graduates are women, the lower the age, the higher the education level, was preferred online. Online education was chosen because of 'time, economic, convenience'(73.7%). Online graduates have recognized that health education is more conducive to business. There was no significant difference between the sales online and offline graduates. For hygienic management response was that online graduates are well above the 7.4% offline graduates. Online and offline graduates 60.7% appeared to be more satisfied than the previous training institutions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.105-115
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• 2017

Each year, a number of tourists visit Jeju Island, a popular tourist destination in the Republic of Korea. A large portion of the tourists (about 61%) use a rental car as a means of transportation. With this reason, the number of rental cars registered in Jeju was 15,517 in 2011, while the total number of the rental car has rapidly increased to 26,338 in 2015. For the same period, the number of rental car involved traffic accidents has been doubled. Thus, this study aims to analyze the rental car accidents' characteristics, clarifying primary factors related to rental car accidents in Jeju Island. To do this, 918 rental car accidents and 4,201 non-commercial passenger car accidents that occurred in Jeju island over the two years (2014-2015) were compared, using statistical methods such as chi-square test and z-test. The results show that the characteristics of rental car involved accidents are different from those caused by the passenger cars. Most of the rental car accidents in Jeju were caused by young drivers and drivers who had just obtained their driver's licenses. This study finds that driver immaturity, unfamiliar geography, and driving an unfamiliar vehicle are the main causes of the rental car accidents. Statistical analysis confirms that the characteristics of these accidents appeared significantly different from the passenger cars in terms of human and environmental factors. On the other hand, there is no clear evidence that vehicle-related characteristics are different between rental car and non-commercial passenger car accidents. The implications on transportation safety analysis and effective solutions to prevent rental car traffic accidents are discussed.