• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.468-477
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• 1996

Vasopressin which is an antidiuretic hormone in human body produced the diuretic action in dog. This study was investigated in order to certify the diuretic action and to search out the mechanism of the action on the vasopressin. Vasopressin, when given in a dose of 10.0mU/kg, bolus+1.0mU/kg/min intravenously, exhibited the increase of urine flow(Vol), renal plasma flow(RPF), osmolar clearance (Cosm) and amounts of sodium and potassium excreted in urine ($E_{Na},\;E_K$), the decrease of reabsorption rate of sodium and potassium in renal tubules ($R_{Na},\;R_K$), and then elevated the mean arterial pressure(MAP). Vasopressin given in a increased dose to 30.0mU/kg, bolus+1.0mU/kg/min intravenously elicited the same aspect with that exhibited by a small dose in changes of Vol. and all renal function and potentiated the change rates, whereas this time MAP did not change at all when compared with control value. Vasopressin, when administered into a renal artery, did not induce the changes of Vol and all renal function in experimental (administered) kidney, but increased slightly the Vol, glomerular filtration rate(GFR), $E_{Na},\;and\;E_K$ expected the no change of $R_{Na}\;and\;R_K$ in the control (not administered) kidney. Vasopressin, when infused into carotid artery, showed the increase of Vol. GFR, $E_{Na},\;and\;E_K$ and no change of $R_{Na}\;and\;R_K$ in a dose of 1/5 of intravenous dose. Diuretic action of vasopressin administered into carotid artery was not influenced by renal denervation. Above results suggest that vasopressin produced diuretic action by hemodynamic changes in dogs. These hemodynamic changes may be mediated by central endogenous substances not associated with renal nerve.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.124-130
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• 1994

Plasma phamacokinetics and renal excretion of theophylline (TP) and its metabolities were ivnestigated in rats. Plasma concentrations of TP declined in a monoexponential manner, while those of 1-methyluric (MU) and 1,3-dimethyluric(DMU) declined in a biexponential manner upon respective iv bolus injection of each compound at 6mg/kg dose. The total body clearances $(CL_r)$ of the metabolites were 4-6 fold larger than that of TP, while the distribution volumes of them at steady-state $(Vd_{ss})$ were 40-50% smaller than that of TP. The metabolites showed their plasma peaks in 30 min after iv injection of TP indicating than that to MU. Renal excretion of TP and its metabolites was studied in urine flow rate (UFR)-controlled rats. The renal clearance $(CL_r)$ of TP was inversely related to pasma TP concentrations, and much smaller than the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) suggesting tubular secretion and profound reabsorption in the renal tubule. The $(CL_r)$ of each metabolite also showed that inverse relationship, but far exceeded GFR suggesting that tubular secretion than GFR by ip injection of probenecid (142.7 mg/kg). It supports that the metabolies are secreted in the renal tubule, and suggests that they share a common transport system in their sectrtion processes with probenecid. On the other hand, the $(CL_r)$ of TP was not affected significantly by the probenecid treatment. Considering the inverse relationship of TP between the $(CL_r)$ and its ploasma concentrations,no effect of probenecid on $(CL_r)$ of TP is most likely due to negligible contribution of the secretion to the overall $(CL_r)$ of TP.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.1111-1114
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• 2013

Background: For early detection of renal damage during the usage of cisplatin based chemotherapy, changes in renal function should be monitored carefully. In recent years, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, a small polypeptide molecule, has shown promise as a marker of acute renal failure. The aim of this present study was to assess possible risk prediction of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity using serum NGAL. Materials and Methods: A total of 34 consecutive patients with documented serum creatinine at least 24 hours before every cycle of cisplatin-based chemotherapy were included in the study. Demographic and medical data including age, performance status, tumor characteristics and comorbid diseases were collected from medical charts. Renal function was evaluated at least 48 hours before the treatment and at the end of the treatment based on the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula. Before and after cisplatin infusion serum NGAL levels were measured for the first and 3rd cycles of chemotherapy. Results: The median age of the study population was 54 (32-70) years. Fifteen patients (41.1%) were treated on an adjuvant basis, whereas 19 patients (58.9%) were treated for metastatic disease. There was no correlation of serum NGAL levels with serum creatinine (r=0.20, p=0.26) and MDRD (r=-0.12, p=0.50) and creatinine clearance-Cockcroft-Gault (r=-0.22, p=0.22) after cisplatin infusion at the end of the 3rd cycle of chemotherapy. Conclusions: In our study, serum NGAL levels were not correlated with the cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity. Further prospective studies are needed to conclude that serum NGAL level is not a good surrogate marker to predict early cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.580-584
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• 2003

Diabetic Nephropathy is one of the major causes of chronic renal failure. It is a common microvascular complication and clinically defined as the presence of persistent Proteinuria. We studied the effects and change of the renal function of Complex Herbal medication of the 20Diabetic Nephropathy patients. We measured the initial levels of Total Protein, Creatinine Clearance Rate(Ccr), Serum Creatinine(Serum-Cr), Urine Creatinine(Urine-Cr) and HbA1C on admission and followed up the level changes of Total Protein, Ccr, Serum-Cr and Urine-Cr on discharge. The results are following : Complex Herbal Medication does not cause the renal toxicity. The longer hypertension period is, the higher Serum-Cr level and Urine-Cr level. In an older age group, Urine-Cr is lower. 4.From the 'Deficiency in Origin and Excess in Superficiality(本虛表實)'points of view, Complex Herbal Medication improves the Serum-Cr in Diabetic Nephropathy patients. According to this results, it could be suggested that Complex Herbal Medication does not cause the renal toxicity in Diabetic Nephropathy patients and intensive controls of blood sugar, blood pressure and Complex Herbal Medication prevent the renal failure in Diabetic Nephropathy patients with early stage of Microalbumiuria.

• Korean Circulation Journal
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.113-123
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• 2024

Background and Objectives: Previous studies have reported an association between impaired renal function and poor outcomes after radiofrequency catheter ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, outcomes of cryoballoon ablation (CBA) in patients with renal insufficiency are not fully elucidated. This study aimed to compare outcomes of CBA in AF patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) versus those without CKD and to assess changes in renal function over 12 months following CBA. Methods: A total of 839 patients (65.1% with non-paroxysmal AF [PAF]) who underwent de novo CBA were prospectively enrolled. We divided patients into two groups based on creatinine clearance rate (CCr) and performed intracardiac echocardiography (ICE)-guided contrast agent-free CBA. Results: In comparison with patients without CKD (CCr >50, n=722), those with CKD (CCr ≤50, n=117) were older and predominantly female, had a lower body mass index, and showed a higher prevalence of heart failure and hypertension. Mean CHA₂DS₂-VAS score was significantly higher in CKD group than in non-CKD group. Procedure-related complications were not significantly different between two groups. During a mean follow-up period of 25.4±11.9 months, clinical recurrence occurred in 182 patients (21.7%) and not significantly different between two groups. In multivariate analysis, non-PAF and left atrial size were independent predictors of AF recurrence. CCr levels significantly improved over 12 months after CBA in CKD group. Conclusions: ICE-guided contrast-agent-free CBA showed comparable long-term clinical outcomes without increasing procedure-related complications and improvement of renal function over 12 months following CBA in AF patients with CKD.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 1982

Removal of urea and vitamin B12 was simulated using two pool models with closed loop dialysis, open loop dialysis, and hemodiafiltrations with predilution and postdilulion. It was found that urea removal was limited by dialyzer clearance, however B12 removal was limited both by the resistance between ECF and ICF and by dialyzer clearance. Open loop dialysis was better than closed loop dialysis in terms of dialysate requirement and removal efficiency. Residual renal function plays an important role in removing vitamin B12. Dialysis frequency more than twice/wide does not have great effect on removal efficiency, but has the effect of reducing the difference between maximum and minimum cancentrations during dialysis period.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.173-182
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• 1983

The influence of prazosin (0.1 mg/kg i.v.) on the excretion and diuretic action of furosemide (2mg/kg i.v.) in rabbits was studied to investigate an interaction between ${\alpha}-adrenergic$ blocking agent, prazosin and furosemide. The results were as follows; 1) With the combined administration of prazosin and furosemide, the plasma concentration of furosemide was increased, the urinary excretion rate and renal clearance of furosemide were reduced, and tile biological half-life of furosemide was increased. 2) The diuretic action of furosemide was significantly reduced with the combined administration of prazosin: maximal decrease in urine volume, urinary electrolytes, clearance of $Na^+$ and $Cl^-$, and GFR and RPF, as well as maximal increase in $Na^+$ reabsorption rate were noted 10 minutes after administration of furosemide (2mg/kg i.v.)

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.321-325
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• 1992

Pharmacokinetic interaction of theophylline with pefloxacin following i.v. administrations was investigated in rabbits. Pefloxacin was coadministrated at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg or previously administered for 6 days 10 and 20 mg/kg. Plasma concentration and AUC of theophylline were increased significantly (p<0.05) and the renal clearance $(CL_r)$, total body clearance $(CL_r)$ and the volume of distribution $(Vd_{ss})$ were decreased significantly (p<0.005) by the pretreatment. It demonstrates that adjustment of dosage regimen of theophylline should be considered when concomitant administration of pefloxacin is prescribed.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.133-144
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• 2023

Ureteral obstruction can be causes of renal dysfunction and renal injury at late period of kidney pathology. The purpose of this study was to determine the protective effects of Oryeongsan (ORS), Geumgwe-sinkihwan (GSH), and Jwagwieum (JGE) in rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). The animal models were divided into five groups randomly at the age of 5 weeks; Control group: SD male rats (n=10), UUO group: SD male rats with UUO surgery (n=10), ORS group: SD male rats with UUO surgery + ORS 200 mg/kg/day (n=10), GSH group: SD male rats with UUO surgery + GSH 200 mg/kg/day (n=10), JGE group: SD male rats with UUO surgery + JGE 200 mg/kg/day (n=10). Treatment with ORS, GSH, and JGE significantly ameliorate creatinine clearance(Ccr). The present results also showed that ORS, GSH, and JGE improved the morphological aspects of renal tissues. These prescriptions also reduced the expression levels of cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. In Kidney, UUO increased the expression levels of inflamasome markers such as NLRP3, ASC, and Caspase-1. However, ORS, GSH, and JGE suppressed these levele. Treatment with these prescriptions reduced kidney inflammation markers such as Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) and kidney injury molecule -1 (KIM-1). Therefore, these findings suggest that ORS, GSH, and JGE has a protective effect on renal injury by alleviating renal inflammation and improving renal function in rats with UUO.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 1991

To evaluate the influence of ochratoxin A on the pharmarcokinetics of gentamicin, gentamicin concentrations in the serum, renal cortex and medulla together with parameters of the renal function and histological changes were compared between ochratoxin A-treated rats (0.1 mg of ochratoxin A/kg of body weight, ip, daily for 14 days) and normal rats. Gentamicin was given with a single intramuscular injection (10mg/kg of body weight). Ochratoxin A resulted in an increase of the half-life, the area under the concentration-time curve, the apparent volume of distribution and a decrease of the total body clearance of gentamicin, and accumulated significantly (p<0.01) more gentamicin in the kidneys.