• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.885-893
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• 2014

중금속과 총 석유 탄화수소(TPH)로 동시 오염된 복합오염 토양을 정화하기 위해 펜톤 산화와 토양 세정법에 활용되고 있는 $H_2O_2$와 sodium dodecyl surfate (SDS)를 활용하여 강화된 동전기를 연구하였다. 또한, 토양 고유의 특성 차이 및 전극액 농도에 따른 정화 효율의 영향을 확인하기 위해 토양과 농도를 달리하여 실험하였다. 인공적으로 오염시킨 토양에서 10% $H_2O_2$와 20mM SDS를 활용한 실험에서 중금속 정화 효율이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 반면에 같은 농도의 용산 토양 실험에서 토양 고유의 높은 산 완충능력으로 중금속 정화 효율이 떨어졌다. 20% $H_2O_2$와 20mM SDS으로 전극액 농도를 높인 실험을 통해 높은 전류는 토양의 pH에 영향을 주었으며, 이로 인해 중금속 정화에 영향을 미쳤다. TPH의 정화 효율의 경우 용산토양의 높은 산 완충능력과 유기물 함량으로 인해 인공적으로 오염시킨 토양에 비해 산화 효율이 저하되었다. 게다가 40mM의 sodium dodecyl surfate (SDS)의 농도가 주입될 경우, SDS의 scavenger 영향 때문에 TPH 정화에 악영향을 주었다. 토양 고유의 구성성분 및 전극액 농도가 동전기-펜톤 공정의 전기화학적 현상 및 전기삼투유량, 오염물질 정화에 매우 큰 영향을 주는 인자로 판명되었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.600-614
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• 2011

Classical methods which used for removal of heavy metals from contaminated water are adsorption, precipitation, coagulation, ion exchange resin, evaporation, and membrane processes. Microbial biosorption can be used for the removal of contaminated waters with pollutants such as heavy metals and dyes which are not easily biodegradable. Microbial biosorbents are inexpensive, eco friendly and more effective for the removal of toxic metals from aqueous solution. In this review, the bacterial and fungal abilities for heavy metals ions removal are emphasized. Environmental factors which affect biosorption process are also discussed. A detailed description for the most common isotherm and kinetic models are presented. This article reviews the achievements and the current status of bacterial and fungal biosorption technology for heavy metals removal and provides insights for further researches.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2002년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.279-282
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• 2002

In this study, mine tailing buffer zone in cathode was used to overcome precipitation of heavy metals that reducing remediation efficiency during electrokinetic remediation. Test results showed that heavy metal transportation affected by initial soil pH which was verified through traditional test and enhanced test with two type of soils. With mine tailing enhanced method 39% of extraction rate was achieved in surface soil and significant transportation trend was observed in deep soil.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.227-236
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• 2003

Electrokinetic remediation technique offers the opportunity to extract heavy metals from soils with high plasticity. The experiment demonstrated the applicability of electrokinetic remediation on metal-mining deposit and the decision of the enhancement method for four kinds of bench-scale studies. According to the sequential extraction of heavy metals in the "I" mining deposit, Pb and Cu were mostly associated with residual fraction and Zn and Cd were associated with water soluble and residual fraction. Therefore, removable fractions by electrokinetic technology was determined by the sum of the fraction of water soluble and exchangeable, which is Cu : 19.53%, Pb : 1.42%, Cd : 52.82%, Zn : 57.28%, respectively. When considering electrical potential, volume of effluent, soil pH, and eliminated rate of contaminant, results determined by sum of each weight were Citric aic+SDS (13) > 0.1N $HNO_3$ (10) > HAc (8) > DDW (4). Therefore, citric acid and SDS mixed solution was determined the best enhancing agent for the remediation of metal mining deposit.g deposit.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2016년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.130-131
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• 2016

Although many metals contaminated sediment from coastal area contain both anionic and cationic heavy metals, the current remediation technologies are not effective for stabilize heavy metals of both anionic and cationic elements from contaminated coastal region. the present work investigated the efficiency and mechanism of immobilization of Fe, Zn, Cr, Cu, Pb and Cd metal solutions in modified zeolite based biostimulant ball. Biostimulant ball containing acetate, nitrate and sulphate which are enhance the activity of marine microorganisms and it can act as electron donors and electron acceptors. Modified zeolite and chelating agent is greatly enhance the metal stabilization due to increased immobility of the analysed metals. The XRD, FT-IR and SEM of modified zeolite which cheating agents containing heavy metals were investigated. The results indicated that heavy metals could be effectively immobilized in modified zeolite and chelating agents in BSB added sediment. The immobilization of heavy metals in modified zeolite and chelating agents along with BSB could be due to stabilize of heavy metal cations. Immobilization of heavy metals using BSB with modified zeolite and chelating agent has lower cost effect and enhance the sediment quality.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.16-22
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• 2010

Heavy metals in soils exist in various forms dependent upon surrounding conditions. As the Janghang smelter area is of concern for its high elevated heavy metal concentrations, Korean government decided to remediate the area. Main objectives of this research were; to analyze heavy metal concentrations and their existing forms in the vicinity of the smelter; and to understand differences made by analysis techniques of heavy metals. Top soils of rice field, crop field, bare field, and forestry in the area were sampled and analyzed for their physicochemical characteristics. Concentrations of Cu, Cd, Pb, and As were analyzed with two pretreatment techniques adopted using 0.1 N HCl and aqua regia. To analyze existing forms of heavy metals, Tessier's schemes for sequential extraction technique were adopted. Exchangeable fraction and carbonate bound fraction of heavy metals may pose potential threat to environment and were in the order of Pb > As > Cu > Cd. If assessing mobile fraction of heavy metals by land uses, the order was forestry > bare land > crop field > rice field. When analyzed using Tessier's scheme, high ratio of residual fractions to total arsenic concentration should be considered for remediation design of the area.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제32권12호
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• pp.1076-1086
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• 2010

해양오염퇴적물 정화기술의 조속한 국내 정착을 위하여, 육상 토양오염 정화공법들이 해양퇴적물에도 적용될 수 있는지를 해양오염퇴적물 정화사업이 고려되는 울산 방어진과 진해 행암만의 퇴적물을 대상으로 해양오염퇴적물에 활용 가능한 설비를 갖춘 입자분리 및 세척의 세 공법을 사용하여 중금속 제거 가능성을 위주로 평가하였다. 모래에 비하여 중금속 농도가 높은 울산 방어진의 니질 및 점토질에서 각 공법별 중금속 제거 정도는 입자분리의 경우, 비소(As) 81.5%, 수은(Hg) 93.8%이고, 세척의 경우, 카드뮴(Cd) 72.2%, 수은(Hg) 87.1%이며, 같은 분야의 다른 세척의 경우, 카드뮴(Cd) 70.8%, 납(Pb) 65.6%로 나타났다. 실증실험 결과로부터 사용한 입자분리 및 세척 공법은 모래뿐만 아니라 니질과 점토질 크기의 미세입자에 함유된 중금속까지 효과적으로 처리할 수 있다는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 입자분리보다 입경별 분리, 공정수에 의한 세척, 산 또는 유기용매 등 첨가제에 의한 물리적, 화학적 반응 등 처리공정으로 구성된 세척공법에 의한 중금속 제거가 보다 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 한편 모든 조건에서 처리한 산물의 중금속 농도는 토양오염우려기준 중 3지역 기준에 적합하므로, 중금속 처리뿐만 아니라 처리한 산물을 육상에서 매립지용 복토재, 토목, 건설용 재생토사 등으로 재이용하기위한 처리기술로서 적합한 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2018

A continuous process of persulfate oxidation and citric acid washing was investigated for ex-situ remediation of complex contaminated soil containing total recoverable petroleum hydrocarbons (TRPHs) and heavy metals (Cu, Pb, and Zn). The batch experiment results showed that TRPHs could be degraded by $Fe^{2+}$ activated persulfate oxidation and that heavy metals could be removed by washing with citric acid. For efficient remediation of the complex contaminated soil, two-stage and three-stage processes were evaluated. Removal efficiency of the two-stage process (persulfate oxidation - citric acid washing) was 83% for TRPHs and 49%, 53%, 24% for Cu, Zn, and Pb, respectively. To improve the removal efficiency, a three-stage process was also tested; case A) water washing - persulfate oxidation - citirc acid washing and case B) persulfate oxidation - citric acid washing (1) - citric acid washing (2). In case A, 63% of TRPHs, 73% of Cu, 60% of Zn, and 55% of Pb were removed, while the removal efficiencies of TRPHs, Cu, Pb, and Zn were 24%, 68%, 62%, and 59% in case B, respectively. The results indicated that case A was better than case B. The three-stage process was more effective than the two-stage process for the remediation of complex-contaminated soil in therms of overall removal efficiency.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2005년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.24-27
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• 2005

This study has focused on investigation on As and heavy metal contamination derived from metalliferous mining activities in the Choongbuk Province in Korea. Soil, mine effluent, surface water and ground water samples were taken in and around 27 abandoned metal mines, and analyzed for As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn using AAS and anions in water samples using IC. In general, the heavy metal concentrations in soils decreased with Increasing distance from the each mine audit. Tailings and mine waste soils from several mines contained over the guideline of Soil Conservation Act in Korea. Soil samples from the Seobo, Honga, Daehwa, Jeungjadong, Youngbo and Munbaek mines contained over the action levels of the metals due to intensive mining activities. Therefore, a proper remediation work needs to control the metal dispersion around the mines.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2004년도 임시총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.199-202
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• 2004

In this study the field-scale tests were performed in which in-situ E/K remediation technologies were applied, and then the results were present. For traditional E/K remediation method the efficiency of remediation is not large, but the enhanced method with citric acid significantly increases the removal efficiency. Also EDTA, reported as a good enhancement agent for removal of heavy metals, is similar to that of citric acid. Therefore citric acid is preferred rather than EDTA in view of the cost on the contaminant removal per unit concentration.