• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
• /
• v.44 no.2
• /
• pp.315-343
• /
• 2013

Public works has been created by the taxes of the people, so free access and use of public works without charge in the public sector must be guaranteed for the benefit of the public. To do this, above all, a legal basis for solving the problems of the process for copyright should be to establish. Therefore, this study examined the legal concept of public works and the concept and scope of public institutions. And this study, as legislation case to limit the copyright protection of public works, analyzed the relevant provisions of copyright law and the recent revised plan in the U.S., UK, and Germany. And then I analyzed the regulations for limitation of copyright protection of current copyright law and the draft of copyright law on public works in Korea. Based on the results of these analyses, this study suggested the legal revised plan to expand significantly the limitations of copyright in order to activate the use of public works in the library.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.473-484
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study was to develop science and art integrated program to improve the creativity of scientifically gifted elementary school students. This study was to develop science and art integrated program to enhance the creativity of these subjects. This program was consisted of 30 lessons covering 10 topics. It was developed of five stages including the observation stage reflecting the characteristics of the right hemisphere relevant to creativity, the interest and curiosity stage, the experiment design and performing stage, the internalization stage, and the stage of expressing arts. This program was applied to 20 senior gifted students in Y Elementary School in Gyeonggi province. Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking(TTCT) was used in order to investigate and measure the effectiveness of the program before and after its use in class. The results of this study are as follows: First, this program showed results of significant improvement of creativity of scientifically gifted elementary school students after its use in class(p<.05). Second, it was significantly effective in increasing their creativity, especially in the subdomains such as originality, abstractness of title, and territory of resistance on hasty conclusions after its use in class(p<.05). Third, it was significantly effective to increase the Creativity Index that represents creative potential(p<.01). In particular, emotional expression, internalized visualization, unique visualization, and richness of the imagery emerged. This study implies that the science and art integrated program was closely related to the right hemisphere of the features enabling the subjects to create new ideas, new things, and new reactions. In addition, this program is expected to contribute to activate the brain areas of creativity for gifted students in the science field.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
• /
• 2006.05a
• /
• pp.5-21
• /
• 2006

Traditional standards and specifications for concrete have largely been prescriptive, (or prescription-based), and can sometimes hinder innovation and in particular the use of more environmentally friendly concretes by requiring minimum cement contents and SCM replacement levels. In December 2004, the Canadian CSA A23.1-04 standard was issued which made provisions (a) for high-volume SCM concretes, (b) added new performance requirements for concrete, and (c) clearly outlined the requirements and responsibilities for use in performance-based concrete specifications. Also, in December 2003, the CSA A3000 Hydraulic Cement standard was revised. It (a) reclassified the types of cements based on performance requirements, with both Portland and blended cements meeting the same physical requirements, (b) allows the use of performance testing for assessing sulphate resistance of cementitious materials combinations, (c) includes an Annex D, which allows performance testing of new or non-traditional supplementary cementing materials. From a review of international concrete standards, it was found that one of the main concerns with performance specifications has been the lack of tests, or lack of confidence in existing tests, for judging all relevant performance concerns. Of currently used or available test methods for both fresh, hardened physical, and durability properties, it was found that although there may be no ideal testing solutions, there are a number of practical and useful tests available. Some of these were adopted in CSA A23.1-04, and it is likely that new performance tests will be added in future revisions. Other concerns with performance standards are the different perspectives on the point of testing for performance. Some concrete suppliers may prefer processes for both pre-qualifying the plant, and specific mixtures, followed only with testing only 'end-of-chute' fresh properties on-site. However, owners want to know the in-place performance of the concrete, especially with high-volume SCM concretes where placing and curing are important. Also, the contractor must be aware of, and share the responsibility for handling, constructability, curing, and scheduling issues that influence the in-place concrete properties.

• The Journal of Information Systems
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.1-25
• /
• 2009

As many universities introduce e-Learning classes as formal courses, numerous research topics relating to c-Learning such as, defining e-Learning, identifying factors affecting successful e-Learning deployment and examining relationships between the factors in e-Learning classes need to be focused on. However, most researches thai have been undertaken only consider the positive side or right functional dimension. This can result in e-Learning dissemination at universities being overlooked. In accordance with this indispensability, the negative factors, which are potentially inherent in e-Learning learner's perception and affect personnel e-Learning acceptance in university classes need 10 be acknowledged. The purpose of this study was to identify the negative factors affecting personnel e-Learning acceptance and to analyze the interrelation among the factors in this research model. The two independent variables avoidable convenience and reliant convenience, based on pilot test results, and self-efficacy and perceived playfulness, based on the relevant literature, are used to examine the research model. The research problem was tested with data collected from 446 respondents in 12 universities. This study developed and empirically analyzed a model representing the relationship by using the Structural Equation Model. The major findings of this study are, firstly, that the higher reliant convenience is negatively affecting the degree of system use and learner satisfaction, whereas avoidable convenience is only affecting the learner satisfaction. Secondly, the higher self-efficacy and stronger perceived playfulness affects the degree of system use as well as learner satisfaction. Finally, the degree of system use affects the learner satisfaction.

• Strategy21
• /
• s.41
• /
• pp.153-173
• /
• 2017

On 15 December 2015, China seized an underwater drone belonging to the U.S. in the South China Sea. The underwater drone was then about to be retrieved by the Bowditch, a U.S. naval ship.Although China returned the underwater drone to the U.S. on 20 December 2016, the incident resulted in the considerable controversy involving the use of underwater drones. The reason for this is that the seizure of the underwater drone happened in the exclusive economic zone (hereafter referred to as "EEZ") of the Philippines. Part XIII of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (hereafter referred to as "UNCLOS") governs the matters of marine scientific research (hereafter referred to as "MSR"). If a State intends to use an underwater drone in the EEZ of another coastal State for the purpose of MSR, the former has to obtain the consent of the latter in accordance with relevant provisions included in Part XIII of the UNCLOS. However, it is not obvious whether the consent of a coastal State should be required to launch an underwater drone in the EEZ of the State for the purpose of hydrographic surveying or military surveying. Maritime powers such as the U.S. regard hydrographic surveying or military surveying as part of "other internationally lawful uses of the sea related to these freedoms, such as those associated with the operation of ships, aircraft and submarine cables and pipelines" found in Article 58(1) of the UNCLOS, or part of the freedom of the high seas. This interpretation is not incompatible with the implications that the UNCLOS has. Nevertheless, Korea cannot accept this kind of interpretation that is supported by maritime powers. The freedom of hydrographic surveying or military surveying could imply that the EEZ of Korea would be full of underwater drones launched by China, Japan or even Russia. Hence, Korea should claim that the data collected for the purpose of MSR cannot be distinguished from that collected for the purpose of hydrographic surveying or military surveying. This means that hydrographic surveying or military surveying without the consent of a coastal State in the EEZ of the State should not be permitted.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.5-16
• /
• 2009

The importance of playground, which is a central place in the outdoor space scheme for apartment and in children's outdoor activity, is increasing. The stature and availability in playground may be varied according to connection between playground and outdoor space and to characteristics of outdoor space. The purpose of this study is to arrange basic data in guidelines of a planning for supporting children's development and for activating its use in the apartment housing. This study conducted the field survey and questionnaire research after selecting 4-case apartment complexes based on the relevant preceding research. The survey results are as follows. Children were recognizing and preferring the playground as the central space in outdoor play activity. Mothers were preferring outdoor space adjacent to playground. There were the most responses with saying that a mother takes to play with a child. Children responded that the use of playground and the rides are the outdoor activity that they do the most. And, it was surveyed that there is difference in dweller's using playground by apartment complex according to characteristics of a planning for outdoor space. Given being connected with square with segregation of pedestrian and vehicle and with the resting space, the availability in playground was the highest. The availability in playground, which has high connection with diversely outdoor space elements while having good accessibility to the apartment building, was surveyed to be high. Playground had high preference in case of being connected with waterfront and resting space, rather than green zone. Diverse environmental artifacts and decorative fence may become a visually stimulus source that can activate the use of playground.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.37-55
• /
• 2017

Recently, many business organizations have been increasingly expanding the utilization of the intelligent chatbot services for effective customer relation management. The purpose of this study is to empirically investigate the factors which affect the use of the intelligent chatbot services. Above all, the research model and the hypotheses were derived through reviewing the major relevant theories such as UX(user experience) theory(Honeycomb model), TRA(theory of reasoned action), TAM(technology acceptance model) and ETAM(extended TAM). And then, structural equation analyses using SmartPLS 3.0 for 233 valid questionnaires replies collected through the field survey was performed to test the hypotheses. Theoretically, this study can contribute to providing the conceptual framework with regard to enhancing the use of intelligent chatbot services. And practically, this study sheds new light on suggesting the guidelines to designing the UX(user experience) of the intelligent chatbot services.

• Elastomers and Composites
• /
• v.52 no.1
• /
• pp.35-47
• /
• 2017

A comprehensive survey of the available literature showed that in the last few decades, there has been a growing interest in the use of thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs). TPVs are the second largest group of soft thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) after styrene-based block copolymers, and offer a wide range of potential and proven applications, including in mechanical rubber goods, under-the-hood applications in the automotive field, industrial hose applications, electrical applications, consumer goods, and soft touch applications. Over the last two decades, TPVs have shown a strong and steady market growth (~12% per year). Commercialized TPVs are commonly based on blends of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber and polypropylene (PP), and to a lesser extent on combinations of butyl or nitrile rubber with PP. EPDM/PP TPVs are characterized by finely dispersed crosslinked EPDM rubber particles (particles size varying between 0.5 and $2.0{\mu}m$) distributed in a continuous thermoplastic PP matrix. If the rubber particles of such a blend are small enough and if they are vulcanized well enough, then the properties of the blend are generally improved. This review article introduces various topics and aspects relevant to EPDM/PP TPVs. The development of TPVs, the use of various types of crosslinking systems and co-agents as crosslinking agents for PP/EPDM blends, the morphology and rheology of TPVs, and their typical end-use applications are also reviewed.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.188-193
• /
• 2018

Background: Previous studies have noted that the simultaneous use of sulfonylureas and antimicrobials, which is common, could increase the risk of hypoglycemia. In particular, an age of 65 years or older is a known risk factor for sulfonylurea-related hypoglycemia in hospitalized patients. Therefore, we performed this study to determine the potential risk of hypoglycemia from the concurrent use of antimicrobials and sulfonylureas. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study on the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort from 2013. The eligibility criteria included patients of 65 years of age or older taking a sulfonylurea with 25 different antimicrobials. Different risk ratings of severity in drug-drug interactions (potential DDIs), level X, D, or C in Lexi-$Interact^{TM}$ online, and contraindicated, major, or moderate severity level in $Micromedex^{(R)}$ were included. SAS version 9.4 was used for data analysis. Results: A total of 6,006 elderly patients with 25,613 prescriptions were included. The largest age group was 70 to 74 (32.7%), and 39.7% of patients were men. The mean number of prescriptions was 4.3 per patient. The most frequently used antimicrobials were levofloxacin (6,583, 25.7%), ofloxacin (6,549, 25.6%), fluconazole (4,678, 18.0%), and ciprofloxacin (2,551, 9.8%). Among sulfonylureas, glimepiride was prescribed most frequently, followed by gliclazide, glibenclamide, and glipizide. Conclusion: Of the antimicrobials with a high potential of hypoglycemia, levofloxacin, ofloxacin, fluconazole, and ciprofloxacin were used frequently. Thus, the monitoring of clinically relevant interactions is required for patients concurrently administered sulfonylureas and antimicrobials.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.131-151
• /
• 2011

This study attempted to estimate the level of perceived lack of time in Korean society, to link it to time management and to identify the possible association that accounts for time shortage. I employed the gender perspective in order to reveal the dynamics and complexity of the perception of a lack of time in the population. The sample for the study was drawn from the 1999 and 2009 Korean time diary data collected by the Korean National Statistical Office. From the original data, I selected a sample of second shift families(men and women who are presently working and raising children) living in metropolitan areas(including Seoul and six major urban areas in Korea). The dependent variable was time pressure measured by a single-item question on a four-point likert scale. The results of the study showed that working mothers perceived a greater time shortage as compared to working fathers. The time use pattern showed change during the periods, indicating that people worked fewer hours in paid labor and enjoyed more leisure hours and personal care hours. However, on average, people seemed to have experienced a greater time lack in 2009 as compared to 1999. The results from the ordered logistic regression model revealed that even though there were similarities in the impact of relevant factors, men's perception of a lack of time was more closely linked with their work role and social status, while for women, this perception was influenced by work and family duties. This indicates that Korean working mothers and fathers are facing a double jeopardy of time shortage in terms of combining their work and family roles. As a result, the level of time pressure by gender is converging toward a "never enough" phase. These findings generated policy implications and detailed suggestions.