• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.141-155
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• 2018

최근 국내외적으로 지하공동과 더불어 지반함몰발생 빈도수가 높아지고 있다. 따라서 지하 공동 주변부 응력이완영역의 복구에 대한 관심도 높아지고 있다. 이완영역은 지반 내에서 빈공간이 발생함에 따라 빈 공간 주변부의 지반이 원지반의 강성 및 다짐도를 잃고 느슨해진 상태로 추가적인 공동 확장 및 붕괴를 유발 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 공동 주변부 지반 이완영역을 보강하기 위해 팽창성 재료를 활용한 지반함몰 복구공법을 적용하고 이를 검증하고자 한다. 우선적으로 팽창성 재료의 기본 물리적 특성 및 팽창 특성을 파악하였고, 이완영역 모사 실험 장비를 제작하여 팽창성 재료의 팽창 시 이완영역에 미치는 영향을 파악하였다. 이완영역은 수치해석상 스프링계수로 모사하였다. 수치해석 변수로는 공동 체적에 대한 투입된 팽창성 재료의 부피비, 이완영역의 이완정도, 공동의 형상을 설정하였고, 이에 따른 이완영역의 전반적인 거동을 수치해석적으로 분석하였다. 해석 결과 해석 변수들은 서로 영향을 주는 인자들이였으며, 팽창성 재료가 지하공동에 삽입되었을 경우 지하공동 채움 및 이완영역 복구 정도를 확인하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.77-87
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• 2003

The residual stress and birefringence in injection-molded plastic parts can be divided into the flow-induced residual stress and birefringence produced in flowing stage, the thermally-induced residual stress and birefringence produced in cooling stage. However, the physics involved in the generation of the thermally-induced residual stress and birefringence still remains to be understood. Because polymer experiences viscoelastic history near the glass-transition temperature it is hard to model the entire process. Volume relaxation phenomenon was included to predict the final thermally-induced residual stress and birefringence in quenched plastic parts more accurately. The present study focused on comparing the predicted values far thermally-induced residual stress and birefringence with and without volume relaxation behavior (or free volume theory) under free and constrained quenching conditions. As a result, tile residual stress remained as a tensile stress at the center and as a compressible stress near the surface for the free quenching cases. In contract the residual stress remained as a compressible stress at the center and as a tensile stress near the surface fur the constrained quenching cases. The residual birefringence remained as minus values at the center and as plus values near the surface for the free quenching cases. Interestingly the residual birefringence showed minus values in entire zone for the constrained quenching cases. In the prediction of birefringence only the case including free volume theory showed the correct result for the distribution of birefringence in thickness direction.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2020

This study evaluated the importance between the major indicators of living SOC in small and medium cities. AHP layer analysis was performed on a group of experts and their importance and priorities were evaluated. The results of the assessment are as follows: First, the village(walking) living zone was considered relatively more important than the local hub(vehicle) living zone. Second, the importance of health care in the local hub(vehicle) living area was assessed to be the most important in the comprehensive evaluation. Third, medical care, care, education and convenience in the village(walking) living area were ranked second, third, fourth and fifth, respectively. Fourth, the relative importance of physical education, learning, physical education, learning, relaxation, culture and village(walking) living areas in the local hub(vehicle) living areas were valued low. It is necessary to seek living SOC policies and directions in consideration of the special nature of urban social structure in small and medium-sized cities in Korea.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.234-243
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• 2002

A general scheme of a rubber structure is proposed. Using the thermomechanical method(TMA), some changes in the molecular and topological structures for uncured and cured, and unfilled and filled rubbers during processing are shown. In our investigations as region it is understood a complex structure, which is expressed at the thermomechanical curve(TMC) as a zone differed from others in thermal expansion properties. This zone is between the noticed temperatures of relaxation transitions, usually on the level like those determined by DMTA at 1Hz. These regions, which shares, are not stable, and differ in molecular-weight distribution(MWD) of chain fragments between the junctions. Differences in dynamics of the formation of the molecular and topological structures of a vulcanizate are dependent on the rubber formulation, mixing technology and curing time. Some of characteristics of these regions correlate with mechanical properties of vulcanizates what is shown for NR rubbers containing ENR or CPE as a polymeric additive. It is well known that the state of order influences diffusivity of low-molecular substances into the polymer matrix. Because of this, the two topological amorphous regions should influence the distribution of the ingredients and resulting in rubber compounds' heterogeneity, and related properties of cured rubber. Investigation of this problem is expected to be, in the future, one of the essential factors in determining further improvement of polymeric materials properties by compounding with additives and in reprocessing of rubber scrap.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.217-226
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 활동성 불연속면을 포함하고 있는 모래지반에 터널을 굴착할 때에 터널 주변의 원지반에 발생되는 아칭을 규명하기 위하여 터널 상부의 토피고와 불연속면의 위치 및 각도를 변화시켜가며 모형실험을 수행하였다. 모형실험기의 중앙에 수직으로 이동이 가능한 가동판을 설치하고 모래지반 조성 후에 가동판을 강하시켜서 터널 굴착을 모형화 하였고, 토조의 바닥판에 로드셀을 부착하여, 아칭에 의한 하중전이를 측정하였다. 굴착에 의한 지표면의 침하거동은 변위측정센서를 지표면에 설치하여 측정하였으며, 실험 중에 연속사진촬영을 실시하고 지반조성시 일정한 간격으로 설치한 측점의 움직임을 관측하여 굴착에 의한 지반이완형태를 측정하였다. 본 연구 결과 터널굴착시 불연속면의 각도와 위치, 그리고 터널 상부의 토피고에 따라서 하중전이 형태와 이완영역이 변화하는 것을 확인하였으며 지반의 이완영역이 터널과 인접해 있는 불연속면을 따라 주변지반으로 점차 확대되어 가는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.519-527
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• 2022

Shear failure in soil is the primary cause of most geotechnical structure failures or instability. Soil water content is a significant factor affecting soil shear strength. In this study, the shear strength of samples with different water contents was tested. The shear strength, cohesion, and internal friction angle decreased with increasing water content. Based on the variation of cohesion and internal friction angle, the water content zone was divided into a high-water content zone and low-water content zone with a threshold water content of 15.05%. Cohesion and internal friction angle have a good linear relationship with water content in both zones. Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM) test presented that the aggregates size of the compacted loess gradually increases with increasing water content. Meanwhile, the clay in the compacted loess forms a matric that envelops around the surface of the aggregates and fills the inter-aggregates pores. A quantitative analysis of bound water and free water under different water contents using a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) test was carried out. The threshold water content between bound water and free water was slightly below the plastic limit, which is consistent with the results of shear strength parameters. Combined with the T2 distributions obtained by NMR, one can define a T2 relaxation time of 1.58 ms as the boundary point for bound water distribution without free water. Finally, the effects of bound water and free water on shear strength parameters were analyzed using linear regression analysis.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.103-111
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• 1993

Recently, several high-tensile steels(e.g. 80kg and above, $2^{1/4}Cr$-1Mo)having good quality to high temperature and pressure-resistance are widely used to construct petroleum-plant and pressure vessel of heat or nuclear-power plant. However, in the steels, reheating crack at grain boundaries of the heat affected zone(HAZ) occures during post welding heat treatment(PWHT)to remove welding residual stress. In order to study theoretically the characteristics of reheating crack created by PWHT, the computer program of three-dimensional thermal-elasto-plasto-creep analysis based on finite element method are developed, and then the mechanical behavior(history of creep strain accumulation and stress relaxation, etc)of welded join in thick plate during PWTH is clarified by the numerical results.

• 한국관광식음료학회지:관광식음료경영연구
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• 제7권
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• pp.207-230
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• 1997

Over the past few years, the economic growth had a great effect on tourism. As a number of tourist increase, particulary in the relaxation tourism, tourists inevitably need some measures which health their liver, as a social value. In this respect, it is required efficient development of hot springs designed to contribute to the improvement of national health, and suggest some good directions through on analysis of the following 1. The method of developping connection the neighborhood tourism area. 2. The development of travel commodities for trying to attract tourists, connecting hot spring bath. 3. The activity for management. 4. The establishment for tourism action. 5. The setting up development planning 6. The creation of attractive street.

• 한국실내디자인학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국실내디자인학회 2006년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.59-62
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• 2006

This design plan aims at the presentation of the representative character of Design Center by making a new image of the cafeteria that is located in the 1. floor. To create an ambience of intercommunication and relaxation, it must be set up the basic concepts like Mobility, Flexibility, Transparence and Color-Play. As the design solutions : - first of all the 360 grade reversible and removable dividers are installed around the 5 pillars - in accordance with the basic concepts Mobility and Flexibility the cubic form construct that plays not only a role of a kitchen, but also a role of a counter, is designed to be relocated at one's own. - the various kinds of seating module and the chill-out zone are introduced to bring out the functionality and the aestheticity simultaneaously - to make a contrasting image to the glass surface of the yellow-, orange- and red-colored dividers, the black chairs and tables are arranged in the middle.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제8권3호통권28호
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• pp.151-160
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• 1996

The fatigue test under the constant amplitude repeated loading is performed to investigate the fatigue behavior of the Torque Shear type high tension bolted joint which is able to manage the axial force uniformly. From the test results, it's known that the reduction of the axial force of T/S bolt followed by the elasped time is similar to that of the high tension bolts. The difference of relaxation is not occurred according to the position of bolts, the size of the introduced axial force but the effect of the variation of temperature is large. In the reduction of the axial force followed by the cumulation of the fatigue load, the outer bolt is larger than the inner bolt. This result depends on the difference in the distribution of the non-slip zone. The variation of the surface roughness affects the slip and the reduction of the anal force.