• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.113-141
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• 2000

The aim of this paper is to project the state of the labor farce and employment in Korea from 2000 to 2005. The labor market in Korea is experiencing significant changes with the rapid development of Information and Telecommunication Technology (ICT) and the transition of the Korean economy into a knowledge-based economy. On the labor supply side, it is expected that the growth of the labor force will be sluggish; baby boomers will become the middle-aged, while the proportion of senior citizens, the highly educated and the female labor force will grow fast. These changes will alter the human resources management system in business sectors. Moreover, the permanent employment relationship, the hierarchy system and the seniority-based wage system are all expected to change. On the labor demand side, the employment share in highly skilled. knowledge-intensive industries will grow faster than the rest of the economy in tandem with the quickly growing output share of these industries. Especially, more jobs will be created in the ICT industries. The proportion of labor in highly skilled and professional occupations will also grow faster than in other occupations. At the same time, the employment share of female workers will grow more quickly than that of the male workers. These changes, however, may worsen income inequalities and/or increase the unemployment rate when workers do not have the suitable skills or knowledge required by the knowledge-based economy. To avoid this, it is necessary for the government to build up a lifetime learning system for workers.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.499-510
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• 2017

Based on "The Global Gender Gap Report" by World Economic Forum, this study identified factors of gender gap and analyzed a relationship between income growth and economic structural improvement with 145 countries. Consequently, sex ratio has a positive relationship with GNI growth rate and ICT development index. Female illiteracy has a negative relationship with only GNI growth rate, and female seat of parliament has a positive relationship with only with only GNI growth rate. Female labor participation rate has a positive relationship with inly ICT development index. These results confirmed the importance of future female labor force. With these results, many countries will need to reconsider discrimination against women and establish strategy based on an institution and a policy to prepare the 4th industrial revolution.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.1707-1715
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• 2018

This study was conducted using structured questionnaire to 103 dental hygienists who agreed to research among dental hygienists working at Ulsan-based dental clinics in an attempt to analyze the impact of dental roles and social support on emotional labor. Statements of collected data were performed on t-test and ons-way ANOVA, correlation and multiple regression using the SPSS Statistics ver 18.0 for windows program. The study found that the higher role conflicts and greater role ambiguity in relation to direct trade and emotional labor, the higher the intensity of emotional labor, and the more social support, the lower the intensity of emotional labor. The emotional labor of dental hygienists can be solved at a personal level by trying to improve their relationship with members at a dentist's office and by making clear and more professional work segmentation according to their working characteristics. This will help develop a plan to manage the emotional labor of dental hygienists.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.35-45
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• 2018

Purpose - The operating mechanism between education input and economic growth is a mysterious proposition that has attracted a vast array of scholars' interests to study on it. Therefore, this paper sets China as an example to analyze the dynamic relationship between education input and economic growth. Research design and methodology - The annual time series from 1990 to 2017 will be employed to conduct an empirical analysis under the vector autoregressive model. The education input is treated as an factor that impacts the economic growth such as labor input and capital input. Meanwhile, the education input will be added to the Cobb-Douglas production function to form a new one so as to explore the dynamic relationship between education input and economic growth. Results - According to the results of empirical analysis, it can be found that the education input has an increasingly positive effect on economic growth. Simultaneously, the economic growth also has a positive effect on education input, but this kind of effect is not steady. Of course, the labor input and the capital input also can promote the economic growth to some degree. Conclusions - The education input is one of most important inputs for a country. Based on the empirical analysis, this paper suggests that the China's government should put more emphasis on the education input so to make its economy develop well.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.235-245
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• 2005

The changes in korean economic environment, from quantitative to qualitative growth of economy, go with making desperate efforts, that is, companies have put through many technical improvements, quality control, improvement of service, and so forth. Enterprises cut the number of employees through labor-management adjustment, so that a shortage of labor caused. An increase in intension of labor brought about growing the proportion of occupational diseases which is musculoskeletal diseases. Because of a rapid change in society and a change in our circumstances, we have many difficulties in examine a business disease closely. In support corroboration of relevance on admission of business, a criterion for dudging afford a basis for a causal relationship of medical science, take the state of working conditions into consideration, and at the same time, give a adaptable decision based on the purpose and point of "The Labor Standard Law" as well as "The Law about Industrial Accident Compensation insurance". In conclusion, it is necessary for the dental hygienists 10 reduce the on-duty hours a day, to make good postures in working, and to remove the stressful conditions in order to reduce the incidence of the lumbago. Good working postures, appropriate rest time, and early detection, care and education of the lumbago could be recommended for the dental hygienists.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.149-158
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• 2019

In this study, the concept of emotional labor and AI(appreciative inquiry) are connected to examine how acceptance of AI, which is related to changes in hospital organizational culture, affects nurses' emotional labor, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction. For this purpose, the data collected from 156 nurses working at a major hospital were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The findings of this study are as follows: First, nurses' acceptance of AI had a significant positive effect on deep acting but not on surface acting. Second, deep acting had a significant positive effect on organizational commitment, but surface acting did not. Third, nurses' organizational commitment had a significant positive effect on job satisfaction. Fourth, deep acting significantly mediated the relationship between nurses' acceptance of AI and organizational commitment, but surface acting did not. Fifth, deep acting and organizational commitment significantly mediated the relationship between nurses' acceptance of AI and job satisfaction, but surface acting and organizational commitment did not. Theoretical and practical implications are provided based on the relationships between the variables found in this study.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.291-297
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• 2017

As part of the target-specific convergence study of welfare focusing on the relationships between emotional labor, burnout, and goal-focused self-regulation, this study was designed to examine whether goal-focused self-regulation of the early childhood teachers buffers in the relation between emotional labor and burnout. A total of 231 childcare teachers participated in this study and by responding to a questionnaire including measures of emotional labor, burnout, and goal-focused self-regulation. Moderated multiple regression through simultaneously entry was performed for analysis using SPSS (PASW) 18.0 and PROCESS Macro for SPSS. First, the results indicated that the level of emotional labor increase, burnout of the early childhood teachers also increase. Second, goal-focused self-regulation was found to have a protective function in terms of buffering the negative effect of emotional labor on burnout. Based on the results, this study suggests the importance of mental healthcare and the need for internal resources development such as self-regulation.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.1-22
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• 2023

Purpose - Southeast Asia has been the focus of Korea's foreign investment. Korea has been helping developing countries in Southeast Asia achieve economic growth and win-win cooperation through capital exports. FDI is an important channel for technology diffusion. However, the impact of FDI on the bias of technological progress in the host country is dependent on the host country's own endowment structure and capital-labor factor substitution elasticity. Therefore, the central issue of this paper is to accurately evaluate the impact of Korea's FDI to the four Southeast Asian countries in various industries on their bias of technological progress. Design/methodology - The paper uses macroeconomic data for Korea and four East Asian countries to estimate capital-labor factor elasticities of substitution using nonlinear, seemingly uncorrelated regressions (NLSUR). Then, the biased technological change index (BTCI) is calculated for each country. Finally, panel data analysis is used to explore the impact of Korean FDI in various industries in the four Southeast Asian countries on their own directed technological progress, and a robustness test is conducted. Findings - There is a substitution relationship between capital and labor factors based on their elasticity in Korea, Singapore and the Philippines. There is a complementary relationship between capital and labor factors in Indonesia and Malaysia. According to the BTCI, there is a trend toward labor-biased technological progress in all countries. Korean investments in manufacturing, wholesale and retail trade in the host country trigger capital-biased technological change in the host country; investments in the finance, insurance and information and communication sectors trigger labor-biased technological change. In addition, this paper also confirms that directed technological progress can enable cross-country transmission. Originality/value - The innovation of this paper lies in three aspects. First, we estimate the BTCI for five countries and explore the trend and situation of directed technological progress in each country from each country's own perspective. Second, we explore the impact of Korean FDI in the host country on the bias to its technological progress at the industry level. Second, we explore the impact of Korean FDI in various industries in the four Southeast Asian countries on the four countries' own directed technological progress from a national perspective. Finally, we propose corresponding countermeasures for technological progress from the perspective of inverse factor endowment. These innovative points not only expand the understanding of technological progress and cross-country technology transfer in East Asia but also provide practical references for policy-makers and business operators.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.400-409
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• 2020

This descriptive research study investigated the mediating effect of positive psychological capital (PPC) on the relationship between emotional labor (EL) and job satisfaction (JS) of clinical nurses. The data was collected from 274 nurses working for two hospitals in the D city, Korea, from 7 Sep. 2016 through 23 Sep. 2016. General characteristics, EL, JS, and PPC were surveyed using structured questionnaires. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and stepwise multiple regression analysis with SPSS/WIN 21.0. The mediating effect of PPC on the relationship between EL and JS was tested using Baron & Kenny's 3-step hierarchical regression analysis. There were negative correlations between EL and JS (r=-.36, p<.001) and EL and PPC (r=-.25, p<.001) and a positive correlation between JS and PPC (r=.47, p<.001). In addition, the PPC, had a partial mediating effect (z=-3.44, p=.001) on the relationship between EL and JS. It is proposed, based on the results, to develop an organized intervention program that enhances job satisfaction by reducing emotional labor and strengthening positive psychological capital in clinical nurses.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.470-483
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship among the emotional labor, service commitment and customer orientation in hotel service context. Moreover, this study was designed to test the moderating effect of supervisor's emotional intelligence to provide fundamental and practical data for hotel industry. In this study, 4 hypotheses based on literature reviews were employed. A questionnaire was also developed based on previous studies. A convenience sample of 318 hotel employees was surveyed and a total of 297 usable questionnaires were analyzed. Then the data and hypotheses were examined using multiple regression analysis using SPSS 18.0. The results are as follows. Firstly, emotional labor was divided into 'emotional dissonance', 'emotional frequency', 'emotional diversity' and 'emotional intensity' according to the literature review. Analysis showed that emotional labor has partial effects on service commitment accordingly. Secondly, service commitment has positive effect on customer orientation. Thirdly, emotional labor has partial effects on customer orientation. Lastly, supervisor's emotional intelligence has partial moderating effects between emotional labor and customer orientation. Continuous and systematic training should be conducted to administer 'emotional labor'.