• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.126-132
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the effects of group music therapy on psychiatric symptoms and interpersonal relationship in patient with schizophrenia. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The subjects were 63 patients with schizophrenia at S psychiatric sanatorium in D city. Thirty two patients were assigned to experimental group and thirty one patients were assigned to control group. Data were collected from August 4 to September 25, 2011. The group music therapy was conducted for 60 minutes, 8 times per week for 4 weeks. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, $x^2$ test and t-test with SPSS/WIN 19.0 version. Results: Experimental group receiving group music therapy showed significant improvements of psychiatric symptoms and interpersonal relationship. Conclusion: The study results indicate that group music therapy is an effective intervention program in improving psychiatric symptoms and interpersonal relationship of patients with schizophrenia.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Emergency Medicine
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.474-484
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• 2018

Objective: The time to positivity (TTP) of blood culture reflects bacterial load and has been reported to be associated with outcome in bloodstream infections. This study was performed to evaluate the relationship between the TTP of blood culture and the mortality rates associated with sepsis and septic shock according to the site of infection. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study on patients with sepsis and septic shock. The rates of blood culture positivity and mortality as well as the relationship between the TTP and 28-day mortality rate were compared among patients with different sites of infection, such as the lungs, abdomen, urogenital tract, and other sites. Results: A total of 2,668 patients were included, and the overall mortality rate was 21.6%. The rates of blood culture positivity and mortality were different among the different infection sites. There was no relationship between the TTP and mortality rates of total, lung, and urogenital infections. Patients with abdominal infections showed a negative correlation between the TTP and 28-day mortality rate. In patients with abdominal infections, a TTP<20 hours was independently associated with 28-day mortality compared with patients with negative blood culture (hazard ratio, 1.73; 95% confidence interval, 1.16-2.58). However, there was no difference in mortality rates of patients with a $TTP{\geq}20$ hours and a negative blood culture. Conclusion: The shorter TTP in patients with abdominal infections in sepsis and septic shock was associated with a higher 28-day mortality rate.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.149-159
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• 2011

The purpose of this research is to provide an available basis for marketing strategy by defining the cause-effect relation between the service level of staff members in dental clinic and purchasing behavior of the customers. This study was done in 10 days from November 2, 2009 to November 11, 2009 and the total 172 copies were used for the analysis. As a result of the correlation analysis, a significant positive correlation among all the measured variables was found. As a result of the structural model analysis, I found that the fair service among the variables of the service level significantly affects the building of relationship and the hospital image. The building of relationship and the hospital image significantly affect the positive oral spread. The building of relationship significantly affects the repurchase intentions but the hospital image does not affects the repurchase intentions. To sum up the result of this study, I found that the fair service and the building of relationship with patients are important variables in order to attract new patients and maintain existing customers. I recommend that the hospital continues to motivate staffs through internal marketing and conduct regular trainings. It is necessary to have patients satisfied with broadening responsibility and authority and set marketing strategy for the relationship with patients.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.83 no.1
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• pp.61-70
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• 2020

Background: Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are frequently detected in patients with advanced-stage malignant tumors and could act as a predictor of poor prognosis. However, there is a paucity of data on the relationship between CTC number and primary tumor volume in patients with lung cancer. Therefore, our study aimed to evaluate the relationship between CTC number and primary tumor volume in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Methods: We collected blood samples from 21 patients with treatment-naive lung adenocarcinoma and 73 healthy individuals. To count CTCs, we used a CTC enrichment method based on fluid-assisted separation technology. We compared CTC numbers between lung adenocarcinoma patients and healthy individuals using propensity score matching, and performed linear regression analysis to analyze the relationship between CTC number and primary tumor volume in lung adenocarcinoma patients. Results: CTC positivity was significantly more common in lung adenocarcinoma patients than in healthy individuals (p<0.001). The median primary tumor volume in CTC-negative and CTC-positive patients was 10.0 ㎤ and 64.8 ㎤, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the number of CTCs correlated with primary tumor volume in lung adenocarcinoma patients (β=0.903, p=0.002). Further subgroup analysis showed a correlation between CTC number and primary tumor volume in patients with distant (p=0.024) and extra-thoracic (p=0.033) metastasis (not in patients with distant metastasis). Conclusion: Our study showed that CTC numbers may be associated with primary tumor volume in lung adenocarcinomas patients, especially in those with distant metastasis.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.1184-1193
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship of uncertainty, hope and quality of life in patients with breast cancer. Method: The subjects of the study were 113 breast cancer patients treated at 3 university hospitals in Daegu and Busan from June 1 to September 30, 2003. Uncertainty was measured by the Mishel Uncertainty in Il1ness Scale (MUIS), Hope was measured by Nowotny's Hope Scale, and quality of life by Ro's Korean Quality of Life(QOL). Data was analyzed with the SPSS program by t-test, ANOVA, Spearman's rank correlation and Multiple Regression Analysis. Result: The scores of uncertainty were negatively correlated with hope and QOL(all p's<0.05). Uncertainty revealed that there was a negative correlation among subitems of hope such as confidence, relationship with others, possibility of future, and inner motivation(r=-.333, p=.000; r=-.230, p=.015; r=-.260, p=.006; r=-.291, p=.003). Uncertainty also showed a negative correlation among subitems of QOL such as emotional status, self esteem, and relationship with family(r=-.29, p=.004; r=-.326, p=.000; r=-.197, p=.044), whereas hope revealed a positive correlation among subitems of QOL such as emotional status, self esteem, relationship with neighbor, and relationship with family(r=.243, p=.011; r=.487, p=.000; r=.29, p=.001; r=.29, p=.001). The score of uncertainty was low in graduate school students and subjects using problem solving as a coping method. However, the score of hope was high in college students and subjects using a problem solving method, and the score of QOL was high in professionals. Conclusion: Based on the study results, breast cancer patients experienced living with uncertainty and maintaining hope. Thus the study's findings can be useful in directing a comprehensive nursing care plan to improve QOL of breast cancer patients.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 2006

Purpose: Traumatic head injury is very common in the emergency room. Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly reduce mortality and morbidity. When diagnosis is delayed, however, it could be critical to the patients. In reality, it is difficult to take a brain CT for all patients with head trauma, so this study examined the relationship between type and size of scalp injury and intracranial injury. Methods: This prospective study was conducted from May 2005 to July 2005. The participants were 193 patients who had had a brain CT. Head trauma included obvious external injury or was based on reports of witnesses to the accident. Children under three years of age were also included if there was a witness to the accident. The size of the injury was measured based on the maximum diameter. Results: Out of the total of 193 patients, patients with scalp bleeding totaled 126 (65.2%), and patients without scalp bleeding totaled 67 (34.8%). Among patients with scalp bleeding, patients with intracranial injuries numbered nine, and among patients without scalp bleeding, patients with intracranial injuries numbered 17 (P=0.001). Among patients who showed evidence of scalp swelling with no scalp bleeding, the relationship between the size of the scalp swelling and intracranial injury was statistically significant when the size of the scalp swelling was between 2 cm and 5 cm. Conclusion: Among patients who visit an emergency medical center due to traumatic head injury, patients with no scalp bleeding, but with scalp swelling between 2 cm and 5 cm, should undergone more accurate and careful examination, as well as as a brain CT.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.105-113
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the roles and function of family in mediating the relationship between depression and quality of life of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Most studies have found that depression is particularly common in patients with PD and further associated with poor quality of life. Family function, as a mediator, is based on a strength orientation perspective that emphasizes not only their responsibilities and risks but also recuperative powers and growth potential. Methods: Overall 157 adults with idiopathic Parkinson's disease were enrolled in this study via outpatient clinic and completed a set of assessment to measure depression using BDI, family APGAR questionnaire, and patients' quality of life using PDQ-8. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted to examine the mediating role of family APGAR score in the relationship between BDI and PDQ-8. Results: Patients' depression, gait disturbance, duration of illness, and family function were statistically significant on quality of life. These factors accounted for 60% of the variance in quality of life. Family function has a partial mediating effect on the relationship between depression and quality of life. Conclusion: Findings from the study suggest that although PD patients' depression impacts their quality of life, by having strong family function, the extent to which depression impacts the quality of life can be favorably mitigated. Additionally, these outcomes have important implications for future model development regarding PD patients.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.102-110
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the quality of life of family caregivers of patients with Parkinson disease in Korea. Methods: A total of 162 family caregivers of patients with Parkinson disease who were visiting the D hospital in B city completed questionnaires, including general and disease-specific characteristics, family burden, patient-caregiver relationship satisfaction, family support and quality of life. Data were analyzed with t-test, ANOVA with $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS 23.0. Results: The average score of the quality of life was $85.54{\pm}17.74$ (range: 26~130) among family caregivers of patients with Parkinson disease. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that fifty percent of the quality of life was explained by family support, family burden, and patient-caregiver relationship satisfaction. Conclusion: Family support, family burden, and patient-caregiver relationship satisfaction were identified as factors affecting the quality of life of family caregivers of patients with Parkinson disease. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a program to enhance family support and reduce family burden to improve the quality of life of family members caring for patients with Parkinson disease.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.277-281
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the relationship between sleep bruxism(SB) and pulpal calcifications in young women. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 female participants between 20 and 31 years of age who were referred to our radiology clinic for a dental check-up, including 59 SB and 41 non-SB patients, were sampled for the analysis. SB was diagnosed based on the American Academy of Sleep Medicine criteria. All teeth were evaluated on digital panoramic radiographs to detect pulpal calcifications, except third molars, teeth with root canal treatment, and teeth with root resorption. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors for pulpal calcifications. The Spearman correlation coefficient was applied and the Pearson chi-square test was used for categorical variables. To test intra-examiner reproducibility, Cohen kappa analysis was applied. P values <.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance. Results: A total of 2800 teeth were evaluated (1652 teeth from SB patients and 1148 from non-SB patients), and 61% of patients had at least 1 dental pulpal calcification. No statistically significant relationship was found between SB and pulpal calcifications (P>0.05). In SB patients, the total number of pulpal calcifications was 129, while in non-SB patients, it was 84. Binary logistic analysis showed that SB was not a risk factor for the presence of pulpal calcifications(odds ratio, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.52-2.69, P>.05). Conclusion: No relationship was found between SB and pulpal calcifications.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.65-117
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• 2011

This article analyzes the case (2008Da16776) which has the issue how patients have to prove causal relationship when patients claim against pharmaceutical companies alleging that patients were infected with virus due to contaminated blood products. The Supreme court held that: (1) if patients prove that they didn't have symptoms suggesting virus infection before administration of blood products, the virus infection had been confirmed after administration of blood products, and there were significant potential of contamination of the blood products with the virus, the defect in blood products or the negligence of pharmaceutical company in making blood products shall be presumed to cause the infection of the victim. (2) The pharmaceutical companies could reverse the presumption by proving the blood products were not contaminated, but the fact that the victims were treated with the blood products manufactured by other companies or had received blood transfusions is not enough to reverse the presumption. The case is the first decision whether the burden of proof about causal relationship could be reduced in pharmaceutical product liability lawsuit. Hereafter pharmaceutical product liability cases, it would be necessary to reduce the burden of proof about causal relationship in order to make substantive equality between patients and pharmaceutical companies.