• Korean Journal of Hospice Care
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.42-49
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• 2005

To determine which are the culturally specific factors of Korean bereavement, this chapter focuses on the view of death and the traditional mourning process which reflect Korean values and norms. The formation of the Korean view and understanding of death has been strongly influenced by three of its major traditional religions: Shamanism, Buddhism, and Confucianism (Park:1994: Hao:1999) and Christianity more recently. Each religion has a different view of death and the appropriate expression of mourning. Korea accommodates funeral customs and rules strictly as a cultural system and has retained these traditions over a long period; hence, some of the traditional funeral rituals still remain in modern Korean life, although some of the rites have been simplified. We have looked at the various ways in which grief and mourning is displayed and shared in a collective manner over a long period of time. This fits in well within the other Eastern cultures that are collectively organized, and contrary to the Eurocentric models do not hastily seek to detach the living from the dead and recognize that grief is a long process, and different individuals may take different amounts of time to recover from the grief. The view of death and bereavement in Korea has sprung from the roots of three Korean religions, together with the recent addition of Christianity, although they mainly result from the three earlier religions. The beliefs of these religions are still closely linked together in the rituals of Korean bereavement on both conscious and unconscious levels. The influence of these religions is evident in practice through the bereaved family's mourning reactions, funeral rites and customs and its views about death. Korea used to have a period of mourning for three years, following traditional mourning rites; then the chief mourner and the bereaved families could return to their normal life. In spite of this long mourning process for the bereaved family, once the funeral ceremony is finished, people expect the bereaved family not to express their grief in public; even the bereaved family does not like to talk about death. The process for bereaved people is related to mourning processes in terms of detachment from the deceased in order to start a new life. Relatives and the community recommend the performance of the kut ceremony for relieving the grief of the bereaved. When one family member dies in an unlucky way, the bereaved family may have some fear or other psychological reactions of grief such as pain, depression, insomnia and nightmares, hallucinations or other physical reactions. Unlucky deaths give the bereaved a very painful time and these types of reactions are often more serious than reactions to natural death. But through the kut ceremony, the bereaved family can start to make a new relationship with the deceased. The taboo of this type of death and death generally remains a crucial aspect of the isolation that bereaved people might face and the collective nature of mourning(even where it is still present) is unable to address this aspect of the privatization of grief.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.105-141
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• 2013

This study focuses on the vision-sharing practices, actual management capabilities and marketing competence for management which are supposed to be associated with the performance of village-based agricultural production sector. For this, vast literatures related to this issues were reviewed and analyzed. and which were used to establishment of research model. And then questionnaire were developed along the research model, survey were implemented using the questionnaire. In survey both of questionnaire and interview were used to obtain proper opinion. Total of 51 completed questionnaires were obtained and used to empirical analysis. The correlation method was used to investigate the relationships between factors affecting performance of agricultural production unit and performance. Major findings are as follows: (1) in overall, factors related to the vision-sharing or communication are not so important or even negative effects on the performance (2) in overall, factors of management competences are relatively associated with the performances positively (3) in overall, general management capabilities like planning or analyzing were positively related to the performance (4)significant factors which were related to the positive effects on the performances were alternatives considering risk of depreciation, securing stable customers, retention of professional personnels.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.40-47
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• 2010

Objectives：Body image is closely related to self-esteem and weight-control related behaviors. In particular, relationship between two factors would be stronger in female adolescents. False recognition on body image and weight can be a risk factor of eating disorder, depression, and suicidal ideation. This study aimed to examine the effects of body image and eating disorders on developing depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation in female adolescents. Methods：Two hundred thirty nine students of a Girls' Commercial High School in Seoul were recruited. Eating Attitude Test for Korean Adolescents, Self-Esteem Scales, Impulsiveness Scale, Beck's Depression Inventory and Beck's Suicidal Ideation Scale were used to measure eating attitude and severity of psychiatric symptoms. Results：Among 239 subjects, the estimated risk group of eating disorders was 10%(n=24). They experienced more depressive symptoms than the control group. The bigger discrepancy in current and ideal body mass index was significantly related with higher depressive mood, suicidal idea, abnormal eating habits and lower self-esteem. Discrepancy between current and idea BMI was the most meaningful predictive factor about depression and suicidal thoughts by linear regression analysis. Conclusion：In spite of normal weight range of enrolled subjects, they experienced significant depressive mood, suicide thoughts and lower self-esteem associated with the discrepancy of their own subjective body image and current body mass index. Hence educational approach regarding normal body image and healthy weight control is needed for their mental health and preventing eating disorder.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.253-267
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine how the dentist's servant leadership affects the happiness index of dental hygienists. Methods: The subjects were 221 dental hygienists that have been working at dental clinics or dental hospitals. The data were analyzed using SPSS Version 20.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA). An independent t-test and one-way ANOVA analysis were conducted to examine the difference in the happiness index of dental hygienists according to general characteristics. The independent t-test was conducted to examine organizational culture and happiness index according to upper and lower group based on the mean score for servant leadership. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to examine the correlation among key factors. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to identify factors influencing the happiness index of dental hygienists. Results: According to the analysis, there was a statistically significant positive correlation between the dentist's servant leadership, the organizational culture and the happiness index of dental hygienists. However, a stewardship of the dentist's servant leadership factors was not found to have any correlation with the market culture. A multiple regression analysis was performed after including the dentist's servant leadership, the organizational culture and the happiness index of dental hygienists. Meanwhile, the stewardship and community-building effect of the dentist's servant leadership had a statistically significant effect on the happiness index of dental hygienists. Consequently, a higher servant leadership factor in dentists was correlated with a higher happiness index of dental hygienists. Conclusions:The findings show that the dentist's servant leadership affect the happiness index of dental hygienists. Therefore, effective intervention and education programs related to the dentist's servant leadership and sound organizational culture are necessary to enhance dental hygienists' happiness index. Additionally, a follow-up study will determine the causal relationship among the dentist's servant leadership, the organizational culture and the happiness index of dental hygienists, considering organizational members and the environment of the dental clinics.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.143-164
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between public library use and the individual's personal value system. The personal value system was measured by Schwartz's (1992) Theory of Basic Human Values. The theory includes ten universal values, which can be categorized into four higher-order values: namely, self-transcendence vs. self-enhancement; and openness to change vs. conservation. The data were collected on the web from 1,000 Korean adults who were 18 years old or above using a quota sampling method with respect to the distributions of gender, age, and geographic locations of the general Korean adult population. The collected data were analyzed using multi-dimensional scaling method, t-tests, and multiple correlations. The results showed that the public library is more likely to be used by the individuals who value "openness to change" (representing self-direction and stimulation), and "self-enhancement"(representing achievement, power, hedonism/sensuous pleasure) than those who value "conservation" (representing safety, stability of society, conformity to rules, tradition) and "self-transcendence" (representing interest in other's well-being, and tolerance, welfare of humanity and community). The findings suggest that public library uses reflect the characteristics of major library services, such as reading and self-learning, which are very autonomous and individualistic in their nature. The findings are valuable in understanding the nature of the functions performed by the current Korean public libraries that are reflected in the personal values of Korean adult library users.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.293-301
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to redefine 7 social exclusion factors and to derive association between social exclusion factors and depression of middle and older elderly, focused on gender differences. The elderly aged over 50 years old were extracted from the data of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLoSA) in 2016. The data was analyzed by descriptive analysis, chi-squared test, and binary logistic regression analysis, using SAS 9.4. As a result, the elderly who were excluded from labor, residence, health, and relationship were found to be associated to depression. In addition, male with resident exclusion were associated with depression compared to non-excluded. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the local community programs in which elderly people can participate in labor and cultural activity. It is necessary to improve labor and culture exclusion by increasing the participation opportunities of various cultural programs. In addition, it is needed to establish specific guidelines for eliminating the social exclusion of overall elderly.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.393-408
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• 2019

Purpose: This descriptive study was to examine death anxiety and quality of life for the elderly living alone. Methods: The participants were 289 elderly who were living alone in D metropolitan city. Data were analyzed with number, percentage, mean(SD), Pearson's correlation, t-test, ANOVA, multiple regression analysis using SPSS/Win 25.0. Results: The participants' death anxiety was 66.85 and quality of life was 58.21. Death anxiety was significantly different by age(F=153.240, p<.001), gender(t=-4.615, p<.001), education(F=263.559, p<.001), current occupation(F=46.324, p<.001), religion(F=693.729, p<.001), relationship with children(F=178.506, p<.001), reasons living alone(F=21.143, p<.001), perceived health status(F=113.300, p<.001), perceived socioeconomic status(F=45.829, p<.001), barriers to managing health problems(F=49.706, p<.001). There was a significant negative correlation between participants' death anxiety and quality of life(r=-.87, p<.001). Conclusion: The results of the study will be used to develop nursing intervention protocol and social support programs for the elderly living alone in the community.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.215-228
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• 2021

The purpose of this qualitative study was to identify cultural factors among older Americans that could influence them to accept new welfare technologies. This study also explored how social and cultural-based plans could increase the acceptability of welfare technologies for improving the quality of life of older adults in the future. In-depth interviews were conducted with ten professionals who work with older adults. The collected interview data were subsequently analyzed using a two-cycle open coding process. The data analysis generated 29 codes that were organized into 7 primary codes, or categories, and 22 secondary codes nested within the primary codes. Several themes were identified: individualism, family-oriented culture, pragmatism, low-context culture, privacy, fun-seeking culture, and a less hierarchical culture. These findings will inform the development of a future survey to examine the relationship between older adults' intentions when using technology and socio-cultural factors in community settings. In order to explore the different impact levels of the cultural factors found in this study, the future study will need to include measures for identifying socio-cultural variations among individuals in one country or across countries.

• 지역과문화
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.127-152
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• 2020

This study was focused on the role of social capital as a measure for managing the sustainable growth and development of tourist destinations. Its ultimate objective is to elucidate that social capital is an important tool used to promote the sustainable tourist development, where the tourist development has an effect on the residents' satisfaction with their regions and attitudes toward tourist development, who have lived in tourist destinations. It also verified the moderating effect of social capital on the influencing relationship between perceived negative effects of tourist development and residents' satisfaction with their regions and attitudes toward tourist development, by dividing Yeosu-si, in which over tourism has occurred, in Jeollanam-do into old downtowns and others. An empirical analysis of such effects shows that they are stronger in old downtowns in which tourist development has been concentrated, than in others which deviated from it. This suggests that social capital can be a measure for reducing the negative effects of tourist development or maintaining sustainable development and growth. It is thus necessary to develop and promote a variety of policies reflecting the characteristics of social capital, such as the basic ordinance for activating private-public governance, community clubs, village general assemblies and so forth.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.381-417
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• 2011

The primary goal of this study is to examine the factors that affect how satisfied sexual minorities are with their lives. This study focuses on how sexual minorities perceive social stigma, the social influences involved in its perception, and the effects this perception has. Using stress-coping theory, this study looks at how social stigma, as a perceived stress, affects social support and self-esteem, how the stigma influences the degree to which individuals "come out" in an effort to cope, and the resultant effects of this coping mechanism on life satisfaction. The data used if from a sample of 478 individuals who self identify as gay, lesbian or bisexual. It was collected through an online survey. Using SEM, the quality was evaluated by analyzing the measurement model, and the relationship of the variables included in the theoretical model was verified by analyzing the structural model. The results of this study show that social stigma directly affects the life satisfaction of Korean sexual minorities. It significantly influences the social support they receive(from family and sexual minority peers), and their self-esteem. The degree to which the individual "comes out" is shown to affect life satisfaction as well. In contrast, the mediating effect of heterosexual support is shown to be insignificant. Based on the analyses, practical strategies regarding social stigma, social support, self-esteem, and "coming out" are suggested for sexual minorities. The social stigma should be reduced and society-scaled campaigns promoted in order to improve their level of life satisfaction. In addition, institutional protection should be developed and specialized educational courses on human rights provided which will empower these minorities with self-help mechanisms. Furthermore, issues such as establishing support system and providing a social welfare system for the sexual minority community are discussed.