• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제50권10호
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• pp.188-198
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• 2013

일반적으로 최대평탄 하프밴드 필터들은 다른 필터들에 비해 넓은 주파수 영역을 가지고 있다. 이것은 필터의 주파수 응답을 직접적으로 제어하기 위한 필터 차수의 여분이 없이 단지 $z={\pm}1$에서 최대 가능한 제로 수를 갖도록 설계된 것으로 독립된 파라미터가 없기 때문이다. 본 논문에서는 천이 대역폭 직접 제어가 가능한 FIR 하프밴드 필터들의 설계를 위한 새로운 방법을 제안하였다. 제안된 방법은 필터의 0번째 계수인 $h_0$를 파라미터화한 일반화된 라그랑지 하프밴드 다항식(g-LHBP)을 기반하고 있으며, $h_0$를 제어함으로써 요구되는 주파수 응답을 갖는 필터를 설계하는 방식이다. 이때 $h_0$는 g-LHBP 재귀관계의 이론적 분석을 통하여 천이대역의 경사도 파라미터로 모델링하였다. 또한, 이 방식은 요구된 필터 특성(:천이대역의 경사도와 대역 평탄도 사이의 균형) 선택과 관련된 설계 파라미터들(:필터 계수들)의 직접적인 계산을 위한 명확한 공식을 제공한다. 설계 예시들은 제안된 방식이 최대평탄 하프밴드 필터들 보다 상대적으로 날카로운 천이대역 경사도를 가진 하프밴드 필터의 설계에 적합한 솔루션임을 보여준다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.76-90
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• 1999

자폐적인 아동은 사회적 발달의 기초인 모-아 애착에서부터 왜곡되어 있고 특히 일치적 애착 행동들이 저하되어 있음을 볼 수 있다. 이를 개선하기 위해서는 일치적 행동들의 정상적 발달양상과 관련 요소를 파악하는 것이 선행되어야 하겠기에 자폐군과 정상군 총 20쌍의 모-아 놀이를 비교분석하였다. 그 결과 자폐군의 일치적 행동들은 정상군에 비해 저하되어 있고 발달 경과도 느렸으며 특히 16개월 이상부터는 현저한 차이를 보였다. 일치성과 상관이 있는 어머니의 양육행위는 애정적 표현을 하고 적절한 행동 멈춤을 보이며 아동의 행동을 기다려주는 것이었다. 모-아 상호집중의 저해요소는 지시적이고 간섭하고 학습중심적인 어머니의 놀이 행위와 아동의 무관심, 무반응, 과제수행의 실패 등이었다. 그러나 아동의 수준을 고려해 적당히 자극적인 접근을 하였을 때 상호집중이 유발되고 지속되는 것을 볼 수 있었다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.64-80
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting family caregiver burden, and to identify the relationship between family caregiver burden and family function /self-care of psychiatric out-patient. These data were collected by questionnaire from September 20 to October 8, 1993. The subjects were 285 family caregiver of psychiatric out-patients. The instruments used in this study were Caregiver Burden Inventory(CBI) by Novak(1989), self-care performing by Yu(1992), and Family APGAR by Smilkstein(1979). The data were analyzed by cronbach's $\alpha$, mean, standard deviation, percentage, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and Stepwise Multiple Regression with SPSS /pc+ program. The result of this study were as follows ; 1. The means of family caregiver Burden revealed total 2.00, Time-Dependence Burden 78, developmental Burden 2.22, physical Burden 1.90, social Burden 1.43, emotional Burden 2.18, financial Burden 1.51. family caregiver burden score showed moderate level. time-dependence burden showed the highest score and social burden showed the lowest score. 2. The means of family function revealed total 5.67. 7 through high-21.4% (61), low through 3-38.6%(110). family function score showed moderate level. 3. The means of patient's self-care performance revealed total 137.71. self-care performance showed moderate level. 4. A ststistically significant correlation between family caregiver burden and patient's demographic variables, age (F=3.83, p<.01), marrital status(F=3.50, p<.01), job(F=3.17, p<.01), diagnosis(F=4.46, p<.01), income (F=4.46, p<.01). No significant differences between family caregiver burden and prevalent period, religion, sex (p>.05). S. A ststistically significant correlation between family caregiver burden and family's demographic variables, age (F=7.34, p<.01), sex(t=-2.63, p<.01), education level(F=7.61, p<.01), income (F=8.13, p<.01), relation with patient (F=6.92, p<.01), job(F=2.03, p<.05), medical service (F=3.89, p<.05), presence of chronically ill without patient(t=-2.01, p<.05) 6. Family function was the highest factor predicting family caregiver burden(R=.4168, $R^2=.1737$), low education level of family, patient's self-care, family income accounted for 36% in family caregiver burden.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.477-492
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• 1999

The disease patterns among the Korean was shifted from acute and infectious diseases to chronic diseases. According to the these disease patterns trends, people have concerned about the health promotion and health behaviors. Pender's(1996) revised health promotion model(HPM) is consist of three categories; Individual characteristics and experiences, Behavior-specific cognitions and affect, behavioral outcome. Of these categories, individual characteristics and experiences, this category of variables is considered to be of biological, psychological and socio-cultural personal factors, especially, individual fatigue. Futhermore. these variables constitute a critical core for nursing intervention, as they are subject to modification through nursing actions. But there is no few the research of the relationship between the fatigue and health promotion. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation between the fatigue and health promoting life style among a rural college students. Additionally, this descriptive correlational study identified the relation of demographic factors and fatigue, health promoting life style. From June 20 to 26, 1998, a convenience sample of 270 college students completed the questionnaire of the fatigue and health promoting life style profile which were developed by the Yoshitake(1978) and Walker, et al.(1987), respectively. The descriptive correlational statistics, mean, t-test, ANONA, Pearson correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data gathered with SAS pc+ program. The results were as it follows: 1. The average fatigue score of the subjects was $64.93{\pm}12.89$. Fatigue scores by subcategory were physical symptoms($23.5{\pm}4.87$). psychological symptoms($22.11{\pm}4.66$) and neuro-sensory symptoms($19.32{\pm}5.14$). With the respect to the demographic characteristics of the subjects, there were statistically significant differences between the demographic factors and fatigue, especially, sex(t==3.69 p<0.01), major(t=-2.89 p<0.01). the experience of family illness(t=2.76 p<0.01). 2. The average health promoting life style item score of the subjects was $2.33{\pm}0.33$. In the subcategories, the highest degree of performance was self-actualization(2.94), following interpersonal support(2.81). stress management(2.33), exercise(2.20), nutrition(2.10), and the lowest degree was health responsibility(1.73). There were the significant differences on the learning of health education(t=2.00 p<0.01). religion(F=3.01, p<0.05), circle activity(t=2.07, p<0.05), nutrition control(t=5.25, p<0.01) of demographical factors with the health promoting life style. 3. The correlation between the fatigue and health promoting life style made statistically no significance(r=-0.09731, p>0.05). But there was negative significant relationship between health promoting life style and psychological symptom as a fatigue subcategory(r=-0.15721, p<0.05). The self-actualization showed negative significant correlation with all fatigue subcategory. The health responsibility showed significant relationship with total fatigue(r=0.13050. p<0.05). For further research, it suggests to replicate the correlational and causal study between the fatigue and the health promoting life style using the another fatigue scale which is able to measure the subjective and objective fatigue degree. And it needs to develop the nursing intervention program for maintaining and promoting the health behavior as well as for decreasing the college students's fatigue.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.332-344
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• 2000

The subjects of this study were 100 elderly people who were over 60 years of age and had chronic pain. The study examined the matter of quality of life and self-efficacy of elderly patients with chronic pain including the influence of related factors on these variables. Also, by examining their relation, it provides basic data for the development of efficient nursing interventions for the elderly patients with chronic pain. The tools were the general self-efficacy scale by Sherer & Maddux(1982) and a specific self-efficacy Scale(Lorig et al, 1989) modified to better suit the subjects of this study. The quality of life scale by You-Ja Ro(1988) modified to better suit the subjects of this study was used. The data were collected from August to October 1999. Four researchers and two research assistants developed a data collection protocol subjected to a pilot study for confirmation of validity. In this study, the research assistants read the questionaire to the subjects and recorded the responses themselves. The interviews lasted 40-50 minutes on an average. The data thus collected were analyzed in terms of t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, using the SAS PC program. The major findings are as follows: 1) For self-efficacy it was found that males had higher self-efficacy than females for specific self-efficacy. But for general efficacy, males and females showed similar results. The the quality of life was found to be higher for males than females. 2) A positive correlation was identified between the specific self-efficacy, general self-efficacy and quality of life. 3) The general characteristics affecting the self-efficacy of elderly patients with chronic pain were employment, age, level of education, spouse, economic status and income. Self-efficacy was higher among those who were employed, aged between 66-70, well-educated, married and rich or having their own income. 4) The general characteristics affecting the quality of life of elderly patients with chronic pain were lodging with children, religion, level of education and economic status. The quality of life was higher among those who lived with their children and were Buddhists, were well-educated and rich.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.123-137
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• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 중 고등학생 자녀를 둔 학부모들이 인지하는 자녀생활역량을 파악하고, 양육스트레스, 부모효능감, 우울감, 부모 교육참여가 자녀생활역량에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 하는 것이다. 이를 알아보고자 대전광역시에 거주하고 있는 중 고등학교에 재학 중인 자녀를 가진 학부모를 대상으로 하였다. 2013년 4월 기준, 대전광역시 소재 중학교 및 고등학교에 협조공문을 보내, 설문지를 이메일로 전달하였고, 2013년 12월 10일부터 20일 사이 회수된 설문지 중, 결측치가 있는 자료를 분석에서 제외하여 총 800부를 최종 분석에 사용하였다. 분석을 위해 SPSS 23.0 및 AMOS 23.0 프로그램을 이용하여 연구대상자의 일반적 배경 및 백분율을 실시하였다. 변인들의 관계를 파악하기 위해 Pearson 적률상관계수를 사용하였고, 변인들의 경로를 파악하기 위한 경로모형분석과 경로의 직 간접효과를 분석하고 그 유의성을 검증하였다. 연구결과, 자녀생활역량 및 관련 변인들의 높은 상관을 파악할 수 있었으며, 경로모형분석 결과, 부모의 양육스트레스, 부모효능감, 우울감, 부모교육참여가 자녀생활역량에 직 간접적 영향을 미치는 것으로 파악되었다. 부모의 양육스트레스는 학부모효능감과 우울감에 영향을 미치나, 부모교육참여에 따라 자녀생활역량에 다른 영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이와 같은 결과를 바탕으로 자녀생활 역량을 증가시키기 위한 가정교육학계에서의 정책적 대안에 대해 제안하였다.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제3권
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• pp.34-45
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• 1997

Aspects of nursing student's clinical experiences are anxiety provoking. High anxiety may contribute to decreased learning. The purpose of this study was to identify the level of anxiety and potentially anxiety-producing clinical experience, the relation between the level of anxiety and their Trait-Anxiety and State-Anxiety. Finally, it is aimed at getting preparing data for guidance of students which can enhance learning effect of students for clinical experience. The samples of this study were 36 junior students(1 semester experience) and 44 senior students (3 semester experience) from Junior College of Nursing in Seoul on September 1996. The tools of this study were two kinds ; questionare of Spielberg' STAI measuring State and Trait-Anxiety, and author's for measuring the level of Anxiety producing situations and 10cm visual analogue scale was also used for measuring self stated level of anxiety on clinical setting. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS using percentage, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results of this study were as follows : 1. The self perception of anxiety level was 4.3/10cm and the level of anxiety in clinical setting situations was 3.5/5. 2. Among 20 questions for perception of anxiety-producing situations in the clinical setting. 'deficit of nursing knowledge' was the highest item(4.18), 'vagueness of role'(4.11), 'lack of nursing skill'(4.00), 'evaluation by faculty'(4.00) 'fear of making mistakes'(3.81) 'initial clinical experience on a unit'(3.76) 'initial application of nursing knowledge'(3.74) in turn. 3. The level of State-anxiety of senior students was higher than junior's (p=0.005)and the level of Trait-Anxiety of insufficient interpersonal relationship and unhealthy students were higher than others (p=0.015) There was no differences according to the student's grade in level of anxiety. 4. Both of self-stated anxiety and situationa anxiety of unhealthy students were high (p=0.007, p=0.000) and the level of self-stated anxiety of unsatisfied students for selection major and clinical experience were high (p=0.050, p=0.009). 5. Self-stated anxiety and situation anxiety (p=0.0000), self-stated- anxiety and Trait-anxiety(p=0.003), situation anxiety and Trait-anxiety(p=0.004), and Trait-anxiety and state-anxiety(p=0.000) of the students were interrelated. By the above conclusion, the nursing students still feel anxiety on clinical experience and on making a mistake due to the lack of their nursing knowledge and skill. And the students are afraid of the faculties' evaluation. In addition, the students who are not healthy and have not sufficiently interpersonal relationship feel more anxiety. But, since there was no difference significantly between each grade, we think it is needed that further study on the same topic in large samples. And, we have to equip the students with much nursing knowledge and philosophy apparently before the students have clinical experience. Finally, the faculty have to reduce the students' anxiety by making a climate of acceptance in clinical setting with good personality.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.192-207
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• 1997

This study aims at examining relationships between perceived body shape, body image and health complaints among 88 women registered at a facility for managing body shape, which leads to adequate management of obesity in women for healthy lives. The survey was conducted by using a questionnaire consisted of 12 items of general characteristics and interests for weight control, 47 items of body image, and 57 items of Cornell Medical Index(CMI). The data were analyzed by using mean standard deviation, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results are following. 1. The means of age, body weight, height of the women were 27.02 years, 56.02 years, 56.03kg, 161.71cm, respectively. The level of obesity by body shape was 47.7% for standard type, 26.2% for slim type, 26.1% for fat type. Those women graduated from high school or higher education institutions were 97.7%. 2. More than 70% of the subjects perceived their weight as overweight, while 26.1% of the women were fat according to the level of obesity. Ninety percent of the subjects were not satisfied with their body shape. 3. Body weight increased most during middle and high school days. The women became interested in weight control through talks with friends(35.2%), influence of mass communication(34.1%), and social custom(22.7%). As to the method of weight control, subject's own judgement(54.5%) revealed highest percentage, whereas only 20% of the subjects adopted prescriptions of experts for weight control or of doctors. Those who had side reactions from weight control were 30.7%. High percentages of the women reported the decrease the amount of eating(54.5%), the increase the amount of exercise(27.3%) as the effective methods of weight control. 4. The score of body image differed significantly by the perceived body shape : the score was highest in the perceived standard type. 5. The level of health complaints did not differ by the perceived body shape. In relation to the level of obesity, physical health complaints were high in the groups of very slim type and of very fat type, while mental health complaints were high in the groups of very slim type and of fat type. 6. Very high correlations were observed between the perceived body shape and body image and between physical health complaints and mental health complaints.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.113-128
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between self concept and depression of middle-age women. Data were collected by a questionnaire from June 23 to July 3, 1997. The subject for this study were 138 women between 40-60 years of age living in Seoul and Incheon. The instruments used for this study were the self concept scale developed by Rosenberg and Choi, Jung-Hun and the depression scale developed by Rockliff and the investigator. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, stepwise multiple regression using the SPSS program. The results of this study were as follows 1. Mean score of self concept was 3.58, in minimum score 2.86 to maximum score 3.99. 2. Mean score of depression scale was 1.95, in a minimum score 1.50 to maximum score 2.61. 3. The relationship between self concept and depression was statistically significant negative correlation(r=-0.5121, p<0.001). 4. General characteristics variables significantly related to the level of self concept were marital status(t=-3.22, p<0.01), experience of disease in a year(t=2.76, p<0.01), child problem(t=-2.59, p<0.05), marital satisfaction(F=6.80, p<0.05). 5. General characteristics variables significantly related to the level of depression were possession of house(t=-2.42, p<0.01), experience of disease in a year(t=-4.32, p<0.001), child problem(t=3.12, p<0.05), husband problem(t=5.29, p<0.001), marital satisfaction (F=8.36, p<0.001). 6. Obstetrical characteristics variables significantly related to the level of self concept was times of pregnancy(F=3.54, p<0.05). 7. Obstetrical characteristics variables significantly related to the level of depression were age of menarche(F=3.87, p<0.05), times of abortion(F=2.49, p<0.01) number of children(F=3.36, p<0.01). 8. In the stepwise multiple regression analysis, the main influencing variables on depression of middle aged women were self concept($R^2$=.26, p<0.001), husband problem ($R^2$=.37, p<0.001), experience of disease in a year($R^2$=.41, p<0.001) and possession of house($R^2$=.44, p<0.001).

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.294-305
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• 1989

한국 근해의 서남해 및 동지나해에 있어서 최근 16개년간($1970\~1985$)의 안강망에 의한 병어어획통계자료로 부터 병어류의 분포 및 회유와 해양환경에 따른 어황을 살펴본 결과는 다음과 같다. 병어류의 주요 어장은 제주도와 양자강하구를 잇는 선상에 위치한 대양자사퇴역으로, 병어류가 어획되었던 분포역은 전면적의 약 $11\%$에 해당하는 14개 해구에서 전어획량의 약 $70\%$를 차지하고 있었다. 전해구에 걸쳐 어획량의 변동 계수는 0.01 미만이었으며, 14개 주요 어장의 변동 계수는 $0.001\~0.003$으로 특히 작았다. 또한, 이 해역은 춘계부터 추계까지 황해난류의 유입이 뚜렷하며, 중국대륙연안수와 황해저층냉수 및 쓰시마 난류 사이에 뚜렷한 전선을 형성하고 있는 혼합수역이었다. 병어류는 쓰시마 난류와 황해저충냉수의 소장에 따라 남북회유를 한다. 즉, 하계에는 황해북부로, 동계에는 동지나해 중부이남의 월동장으로 회유한다. 병어류 어획 수형의 최대빈도범위는 수온 $10\~12^{\circ}C$ 염분 $32.4\~33.4\%_{circ}$로, 이 범위에서 어기별 총 어획량의 $70\%$ 이상을 차지하였으며, 한어기와 성어기에 따른 최다어획 수형빈도범위는 차이가 없었다.