• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.295-303
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• 2016

This study aimed to assess the influence of nicotine dependence with satisfaction of basic psychological needs, social support, attitude on smoking among middle school students. From Sep, 2015 to Nov, 2015, participants included 150 middle school students from D city and K province in Korea. Data for basic psychological needs, social support, attitude on smoking and nicotine dependence were collected through a self-reported questionnaire and were analyzed with independent t-test and analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis. This study shows negative correlations between nicotine dependence and satisfaction of basic psychological needs(r=-.221, P=.008), competency(r=-.194, P=.021), relatedness(r=-.219, P=.009). The variables predicting nicotine dependence were satisfaction of basic psychological needs(${\beta}=.221$, p=.008). These variables accounted for 42% of the variance of nicotine dependence in smoking middle school students. Our results indicated that it is necessary to increase basic psychological needs to decrease nicotine dependence. Therefore we should develop programs in order to increase satisfaction of basic psychological needs.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.19-27
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate genetic characteristics of 25 Pleurotus eringii strains that have been released in Korea based on cultural, morphological features and PCR fingerprints. Strains PER-007 and PER-012 showed distinct cultural characteristics in growth rate, morphological characteristics of mycelial colony and fruiting bodies when compared to those of other strains. Strain PER-007 did not form primordium initiation in sawdust medium and PER-012 also showed different phenotypes on fruiting bodies. Eleven URP primers were used to detect PCR polymophic bands in P. eringii strains. Primers URP1F, URP2R, URP2F, URP4R, URP6R, URP9F and URP17R were selected as useful primers for amplifying PCR polymorphic bands in P. eringii strains. The genetic similarity index was calculated by using PCR polymorphic bands amplified by eight URP primers among the 25 strains. The P. eringii strains were grouped by four distinct clusters on the UPGMA analysis. The genetic similarity values ranged from 100% to 76% were observed in three major groups, suggesting close genetic relatedness of them. Exceptionally, PER-007 and PER-017 were involved in outgroup.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 1988

A comparison between two species of Hyla japonica and H. suweonesis in Korea was carried out to clarify their morphological, genetic and ecological differences, to estimate presumed divergent time between them, and to elucidate their probable process and mechanism of speciation. The results are as follows; 1.The breeding season of H. japonica was earlier than that of H. suweonensis about one and half months. 2.H.japonica was distributed all over the country, while H. suweonensis was restricted in Kyonggi plains. 3.On the extemal morphometric characters, differences were hardiy seen between two species. But on the discriminant function analysis, there was apparent differences between them. 4.Genic variation based on 24 loci showed that H. japonica populations were about two fold more variable than that of H. suweonensis populations. 5.Genetic relatedness between two species was rather remote (S =0.520, D=0.634) 6.Their presumed divergent time was estimated to be about three and a quarter mfllon years. It is presumed that H. suweonensis was originated from H. japonica during the period of late pleocene and early pleistocene. 7.Premating isolating mechanisrns (breeding season, mating call, and microhabitat segregation) may be operating to prevent gene ifow between them.

• MALSORI
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• no.21_24
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• pp.43-89
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• 1992

In this thesis, the prominent aspect of word accent in standard Korean is studied by auditory test and acoustic analysis experiment. The definition of 'accent' is, following Hoyoung Lee's discussion(1990), to be described as 'the means whereby a focused part of an utterance is made to stand out in order to concentrate the hearer's attention on it.' That is to say, the ten of 'accent' may be described in terms of phonological phenomenon and the accented syllable can be phonetically prominent as the result of those phonological process. Prosodic features may have different characteristics in different languages whether they contain linguistically important functions or not. Thus the characteristics of word accent in standard Korean will be determined as the content and trait of prosodic features. Following this viewpoint, present study looked over prosodic features which may effect the characteristics of word accent in standard Korean, through systematic experimental procedure. And the result of this experiment has been verified by statistical method, the T-test, for the purpose of identifying the relatedness among prosodic features(parameters). This thesis, therefore, aimed to investigate the intrinsic acoustic and physical qualities of the word accent in standard Korean. Nonsense words composed by 'mal' and 'ma' which can be divided into 'heavy syllable' and 'light syllable' quoted from Hyman(1975) have been classified into 28 types with respect to syllable numbers(2 syl., 3 sy1., 4 syl.) and these words have become the target of auditory test and acoustic experiment. As the result of those experimental Procedures, the word accent in standard Korean may be said that it has a tendency of fixing first two syllables regardless of syllable numbers. The syllable types of HH, HL, LL in the first two syllables may be prominent at first syllable and the type of H may be at second syllable. Various prosodic features(parameters) including duration, intensity, and Fo(purely phonetic terms) were also strengthened in those positions. The result of this experiment can be cleared up like these : 1. The most important feature is proved as 'duration', the feature of intensity resulted in more subsidiary one than the feature of duration. 2. Fo( fundamental frequency) could be observed as having some coherent contour through almost all syllable types(99 ％), that is, in 2 syllable types, it had rising contour, in 2 syllable types, rising-falling contour, and in 4 syllable types, it contained rising-falling-rising contour. The result of auditory test was different with those contour forms of all Fo surveyed. With respect to these results, the discuss for Fo is determined' to be excluded comparing other features. 3. Finally, this thesis resulted in a decision that the word accent in standard Korean may has fixed(somewhat weaker) accent, especially fixed at first two syllables in almost all words. 4. Various kinds of syllable types related with 2,3,4 syllables, therefore, can be reclassified into 4 types of HH, HL, LH, LL following the concept of accent fixing placement(i.e. first two syllables). In these 4 types, the types of HH, HL, LL were prominent at the position of the first syllable , and the type of LH was prominent at the second syllable otherwise.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.3-11
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• 1997

In becoming parents, the marital partners enter into a new developmental phase. The conception of the child is an act of mutual creativity during which the boundaries between the self and another were temporarily obliterated more completely than at any time since infancy. The infant is a physical fusion of the parents, and their personalities unite within the child. for many women, creativity as a mother becomes a central matter that provides meaning and balance to their lives. The husband usually has strong desires for an offspring and can be transformed by it. The child can profoundly affect one or both parents, and the influences are reciprocal-a child's needs or specific difficulties uncover a parent's inadequacy. following the child's development, each transition into a new developmental phase requires an adaptation by the parents, and one or another of these required adaptations may disturb a parent's equilibirium. And the personality changes, emotional difficulties, and regressions of a spouse that occur in response to some phase of parenthood can upset the marriage. Not only do children identify with parents, but parents also identify with their children. The parents take pleasure in child's joy and suffer with the child's pain more than in almost any other relationship. certain respects e parents lives again in the child. Through the process of identification the child can also provide one of the two parents with the opportunity to experience intimately the way in which a person of the opposite gender grows up. Parenthood also provides the opportunity to be loved, admired, and needed simply because one is a parent and, as such, a central and necessary object in the young child's life. The many potentialities for emotional satisfactions from parenthood manage to outweigh the tribulations and sacrifices that are required. The child also exerts an indirect effect through changing the parent's position in the society, for new sets of relationships are established as the parents are drawn to other couples with children of the same age, and for a new impetus toward economic and social mobility often possesses the parents. frequently the couple's relatedness to their own parents improves and grows firmer once again. Parenthood, the satisfactions it provides and the demands it makes, varies as life progresses : and changes with the parent's interests, needs, and age as well as with the children's maturation. There are phases in the child's life that the parents are reluctant to have pass, whereas they tolerate others largely through knowing that they will soon be over. The changing lives of the children provide many satisfactions that offset the tribulations, uncertainties, and regrets. The parents change. The young father, who was just starting on his carrier whom the first child was born, settles into a life pattern. He becomes secure with increasing achievement and interacts differently with the youngest child and provides a different model for him than for the oldest. The mother may have less time for a second or third child than for her first, but she may also be more assured in her handling of them. The birth of a baby when the parents art in their late thirties will find them Less capable of physical exertion with the child and less tolerant of annoyances, but they are less apt to be annoyed. Eventually the children min and leave home, but the couple do not cease to be parents.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2017

A xylan-degrading bacterium (strain WJ-1) was isolated from soil collected from Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. Strain WJ-1 was characterized as a gram-positive, aerobic, and spore-forming bacterium. The predominant fatty acid in this bacterium was anteiso-$C_{15:0}$ (42.99%). A similarity search based on 16S rRNA gene sequences suggested that the strain belonged to the genus Streptomyces. Further, strain WJ-1 shared the highest sequence similarity with the type strains Streptomyces spinoveruucosus NBRC 14228, S. minutiscleroticus NBRC 13000, and S. glaucescens NBRC 12774. Together, they formed a coherent cluster in a phylogenetic tree based on the neighbor-joining algorithm. The DNA G+C content of strain WJ-1 was 74.7 mol%. The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain WJ-1 and the closest related species S. glaucescens NBRC 12774 was 85.7%. DNA-DNA hybridization, 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, and the phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics suggest that strain WJ-1 constitutes a novel subspecies of S. glaucescens. Thus, the strain was designated as S. glaucescens subsp. WJ-1 (Korean Agricultural Culture Collection [KACC] accession number 92086). Additionally, strain WJ-1 secreted thermostable endo-type xylanases that converted xylan to xylooligosaccharides such as xylotriose and xylotetraose. The enzymes exhibited optimal activity at pH 7.0 and $55^{\circ}C$.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.207-233
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• 2016

Currently mobile messenger industry, based on mobile application, is growing. And it has aroused innovative change, offering services in various forms beyond the form simply sharing messengers. Also because messenger securities are becoming personalized and intelligent, the importance of more diverse mobile applications' securities is increasing. This study carries out the empirical study of the causal relationship that the factors of using application services influence on security recognition and security Intention of mobile securities, and consequentially impact upon protection of personal information of users. In order that, we present the research model which prime variables of SDT, which emphasized on natural immanent motivation of human, applied to. To verify the research model of this study empirically, we conducted a survey targeting the public and university students which have ever used mobile messenger applications. With this, we desire to contribute to emphasizing the significance of individual messenger security and playing a positive role to develop security guide for consumers. The path analysis results are as follows. First, perceived autonomy has a positive effect on both security awareness and security intention. Second, perceived competence has a positive effect on security intention. Third, perceived relatedness has a positive effect on both security awareness and security intention. Last, security awareness and security intention. have a positive effect on privacy protection behavior. Through emphasizing the importance of the security of the messenger of individuals and contribute to a positive role for development of the necessary security guidelines to consumers.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.341-349
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• 2020

Background: The replicative senescence of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) is accompanied by growth arrest. In our previous study, the treatment of senescent HDFs with Rg3(S) lowered the intrinsic reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and reversed cellular senescence by inducing peroxiredoxin-3, an antioxidant enzyme. However, the signaling pathways involved in Rg3(S)-induced senescence reversal in HDFs and the relatedness of the stereoisomer Rg3(R) in corresponding signaling pathways are not known yet. Methods: We performed senescence-associated β-galactosidase and cell cycle assays in Rg3(S)-treated senescent HDFs. The levels of ROS, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) as well as the mitochondrial DNA copy number, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)⁺/1,4-dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) ratio, and NAD-dependent sirtuins expression were measured and compared among young, old, and Rg3(S)-pretreated old HDFs. Major signaling pathways of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt, 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and sirtuin 1/3, including cell cycle regulatory proteins, were examined by immunoblot analysis. Results: Ginsenoside Rg3(S) reversed the replicative senescence of HDFs by restoring the ATP level and NAD⁺/NADH ratio in downregulated senescent HDFs. Rg3(S) recovered directly the cellular levels of ROS and the NAD⁺/NADH ratio in young HDFs inactivated by rotenone. Rg3(S) mainly downregulated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt through the inhibition of mTOR by cell cycle regulators like p53/p21 in senescent HDFs, whereas Rg3(R) did not alter the corresponding signaling pathways. Rg3(S)-activated sirtuin 3/PGC1α to stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis. Conclusion: Cellular molecular analysis suggests that Rg3(S) specifically reverses the replicative senescence of HDFs by modulating Akt-mTOR-sirtuin signaling to promote the biogenesis of mitochondria.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.23-38
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• 2006

The taxonomic list of specific features in external and internal shape and the pattern analysis of Aconitum carmichalei $D_{EBX}$ as the original plant of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata and Aconitum cliiare Dc as the original plant of Aconiti Ciliare Tuber are as follows. 1. Aconitum carmichalei $D_{EBX}$ has tri-palmately parted leaves, petiole in lower leaves, and its ovary has short hair. Whereas Aconitum cliare Dc has $3{\sim}4$ parted leaves, long petiole, and its ovary has not hair. 2. Aconitum carmichalei $D_{EBX}$ has cylinder shape is relatively small in length and diameter, is greyish brown blacky brown in outer surface, greyish $white{\sim}dark$ gray in section. 3. According to the collection place, there is a remarkable difference in the physical shape of herbal states. Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparate(medicated in Korea) is more transparent blacky brown color than Aconiti Lateralis Fadix Preparata(medicated in Chian). Also Black Aconi Radix(墨附片) has exodermis and White Aconi Radix(白附片) has not. 4. The internal characteristics entirely correspond to in internal shape described in the literatures, Only it is possible to discriminate between black Aconi Radix(墨附片) and White Aconi Radix(白附片) by the existence of cork layer. The classification between Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata and Aconiti Ciliare Tuber makes entirely Tuber makes entirely remarkable difference in the physical shape of cambium layer Namely, in shape of cambium layer the kinds of Aconiti lateralis Radix Prepala has horn-like shape and the kinds of Aconiti Ciliare Tuber has circle-like shape. 5. In the peak of examination substance in comparison to Rt of the index material diterpene alkaloid mesaconitine, aconitine, hypaconitine chromatogram Aconiti Ciliare Tuber is higher than in Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata This explain that the component changes after the process of medicine. 6. In the Content of mesaconitine, aconitine and hypaconitime Aconiti Ciliare Tuber is higher than Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata. 7. In Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata, aconitine, hypaconitine and mesaconitine each appears in Rf 0.46, 0.54, 0.32. But except Aconiti Ciliare Tuber the band does not appear. For the future, such results will be used as the basic source of additional research, and a far-reaching comparative study is needed to distinguish between many kinds of same genus-degree of relatedness.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.287-293
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• 2017

The purpose of the study was to analyze the effects of work experience during higher education on employment. In particular, the study analyzed the difference in employment and permanent employment according to work experience or internship. In addition, the effects of the relatedness of college major and work experience as well as internship on college graduates' employment or permanent employment were investigated. The data came from the 2013 Graduates Occupational Mobility Survey (GOMS). The study covered the chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. The study found that there was a significant difference in the employment and permanent employment among the groups classified by work experience or internship. Internship had a positive effect on college graduates' permanent employment. Based on the study results, this study suggests that policies for internship during higher education need to be enhanced. The match between employment and the field of study in college needs to be increased. Interventions and policies for the establishment of competency-based employment should be improved.