• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.21-31
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• 2018

This paper presents an experimental investigation on the structural performance of precast ribbed panel specimens and bridge deck specimens fabricated from the panels. The panel specimens are developed for permanent deck forms of railway bridges (PSC girder). The decks of railway bridges have short lengths compared with highway bridges. Therefore, precast panels for railway bridges are different from those of highway bridges. The precast panels have ribs designed for crack control at the bottom of the sections. Two kinds of specimens were examined: one with 400-mm width and one with 1200-mm width. Three specimens of each type were fabricated, and a total of 12 specimens were tested. In this test, the ultimate load, strain of the reinforcement and concrete, crack width, deformation, and slip were measured. The structural performance of the specimens was assessed using the Korea railway bridge design code and Eurocode. All specimens met the current design criteria for structural strength and serviceability.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.76-88
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• 2014

Objectives: Parents of a premature baby feel a pressure on their baby's growth and they are highly in need for proper education. However, the lack of proper education can cause the difficulty of follow-up care and rehospitalization. Currently, methods of education among each nurse are based on verbal explanation and can be often different. Therfore, it is true that the psychological burden is great during education. Hence, by enforcing discharge education activities, we intend to provide information; induce participation of parents; promote the level of performance; standardize education program; and increase the job satisfaction of nurses. Methods: NICU conducted a questionnaire survey of the demand and satisfaction for discharge education among mothers that left hospital. And before and after the improvement activity, the satisfaction level of mothers and nurses were studied, and rehospitalization rate were analyzed. Results 1)The survey results of the satisfaction level of mothers towards education program as followes: The level of understanding of content, general babysitting, special situation, education method, and educator attitude showed statistically significant increase. 2)The survey results of the satisfaction level of nurses towards education program as followes: While, the need for education program decreased, the adequacy of education content and method, consistency of education, understanding of learner, and learner's performance increased. All the factors except for the need for education program and the adequacy of education content showed statistically significant difference. 3)Rehospitalization rate of premature babies decreased. According to analysis of the cause of rehospitalization, breast-feeding related apnea turned out to be the highest. Conclusion: Through QI, satisfaction of mothers and nurses improved more than 10%. And rehospitalization rate of premature babies decreased by the same amount as well. Therefore, with the help of the standardized discharge education program, mothers who is not easy to take care of after leaving hospital can be seen to significantly affect their healthy growth and development.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.415-423
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• 2016

Cylindrical laminated veneer lumber (LVL) is produced by winding the veneer tape on a circular cylinder. The veneer tape was produced by cutting the veneer into a rectangular shape and sewing it in a vertical direction to the fiber. The tensile strength test was carried out by producing the veneer tape specimen with different species of veneer, types and combinations of sewing yarn. The Radiata pine veneer tape produced with three sewing lines using the reinforced sewing thread had the best tensile strength. Also, the separation and snapping problems of the veneer tape were improved, resulting in the improvement in the workability of cylindrical LVL. The bending strength of various cylindrical LVL produced with different types of veneer tape and a different number of lamination layers and the application of reinforcement with glass fiber cloth was compared with that of Larix log. Bending MOR of cylindrical LVL reinforced with glass fiber cloth at the volume ratio of 11% was improved by 65% in comparison to the non-reinforced cylindrical LVL. In the case of the cylindrical LVL produced with 2 sewing lines of veneer tape, a fracture occurred at the butt joint between the veneer tapes. However, in the case of the cylindrical LVL produced with 3 sewing lines of veneer tape a fracture occurred in the fiber direction.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.275-289
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• 2018

It is necessary to develop a bridgehead port for trading with northern countries to promote trade through the East Sea because the East Sea Rim economic bloc around the Northeast Asia including South Korea, China, Russia, Japan, and North Korea has a high growth potential in the future. Therefore, this study aims to suggest a strategic direction to enhance the competitiveness of Donghae Port through reinforcement of container cargoes by conducting Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) for stakeholders of Donghae Port. The analysis results suggest that it is necessary to improve the five evaluation factors: attractiveness of container and bulk volumes, appropriate ratio of export/import container quantities, frequency of vessel entry and diversity of sea routes, convenience of complex linked transportation, and competitiveness of cargo handling equipment. The implications of this study are as follows. First, it is necessary to continuously research the current status of container and bulk cargo volumes of the port and ways to increase the absolute cargo volume. Second, we need to consider realistic alternatives to improve the ratio of export/import container quantities. Third, in terms of network, we should establish a service improvement plan to increase the frequency of port calls and the diversity of sea routes. Furthermore, incentives should be provided to increase the trade volume of Donghae Port through strengthened complex linked transportation function. Finally, it is urgently necessary to provide investment support for container handling equipment as an essential requirement for the activation of the container cargoes in Donghae Port.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.16 no.1 s.79
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• pp.61-69
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• 2004

The bridge piers under service suffered a brittle failure due to the deterioration of lap-spliced longitudinal reinforcement without developing its flexural capacity or ductility. The earthquake induced lateral force results in tension which causes bond-slip failure at the lap-spliced region in circular bridge piers. In this case, such a brittle failure can be controlled by the seismic retrofit using FRP laminated circular tube. The retrofitted piers using FRP laminated circular tube showed significant improvement in seismic performance due to FRP's confinement effect. This paper presents the analytical results on the seismic strengthening effect of circular bridge piers with poor lap-splice details and strengthened with FRP laminated circular tube. FRP's confinement effect is predicted by the classical elasticity solution for the laminated circular tube manufactured with several layers. The FRP laminated circular tube induces the flexural failure instead of a bond-slip failure of the circular reinforced concrete piers under seismic induced lateral forces. To investigate the correctness and effectiveness of analytical solution derived in this study, the analytical results were compared with the experimental data and it was confirmed that the results were correlated well each other, The effects on the confinement of FRP laminated circular tube, such as the number of layers, the fiber orientations, and the mechanical properties, were investigated. From the parametric study, it was found that the number of layers, the fiber orientations, and the major Young's modulus (E11) of the FRP laminated circular tube were the dominant parameters affecting the confinement of reinforced concrete circular bridge piers.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.225-234
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• 2014

Robot programming allows students to plan an algorithm in order to solve a task, implement the algorithm, easily confirm the results of the implementation with a robot, and correct errors. Thus, robot programming is a problem solving process based on reflective thinking, and is closely related to students' metacognition. On this point, this research is conducted to develop a robot programming instructional model for tile enhancement of students' metacognition. The instructional processes of robot programming are divided into 5 stages (i.e., 'exploration of learning tasks', 'a teacher's modeling', 'preparation of a plan for task performance along with the visualization of the plan', 'task performance', and 'self-evaluation and self-reinforcement'), and core strategies of metacognition (i.e., planning, monitering, regulating, and evaluating) are suggested for students' activities in each stage. Also, in order to support students' programming activities and the use of metacognition, instructional strategies based on cognitive apprenticeship (i.e. modeling, coaching and scaffolding) are suggested in relation to the instructional model. In addition, in order to support students' metacognitive activities. the model is designed to use self-questioning, and questions that students can use at each stage of the model are presented.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.411-420
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• 2007

The applicability of headed bars in exterior beam-column joints under reversed cyclic loading was investigated. A total of ten pullout tests were first performed to examine pullout behavior of headed bars subjected to monotonic and cyclic loading with test variables such as connection type between head and bar stem (weld or no weld), loading methods (monotonic or cyclic loading), and head shape (small or large circular head and square head). Two full-scale beam-column joint tests were then performed to compare the structural behavior of exterior beam-column joints constructed using two different reinforcement details: i.e. $90^{\circ}$ standard hooks and headed bars. Both joints were designed following the recommendations of ACI-ASCE Committee 352 for Type 2 performance: i.e. the connection is required to dissipate energy through reversals of deformation into inelastic range. The pullout test results revealed that welded head to the stem did not necessarily result in increased pullout strength when compared to non-welded head. Relatively large circular head resulted in higher peak load than smaller circular and square head. Both beam-column joints with conventional $90^{\circ}$ hooks and headed bars behaved similarly in terms of crack development, hysteresis curves, and peak strengths. The joint using the headed bars showed better overall structural performance in terms of ductility, deformation capacity, and energy dissipation. These experimental results demonstrate that the headed bars using relatively small head can be properly designed far use in external beam-column joint.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.59-71
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• 2014

Purpose. Medical tourism is recently becoming a new industry with great growth potential. The South Korean government is shifting medical tourism from simple cultural tourism to a high value-added industry with a new paradigm. Methods. The government has been providing positive support and marketing policies since the introduction of the article concerning foreign patient attraction to the medical law in 2009, and various types of medical institutions around the country has participated actively in medical tourism by themselves or in cooperation of government bodies and made increasingly greater performance. Results. This study obtained the following results. The medical institutions in Korea have been making efforts to see more development and profitability in diverse ways, including medical tourism for foreign patients and the advance of the Korean medical institutions into foreign markets. However, many local governing bodies and medical institutions participating in medical tourism around the country have primarily focused on examination and treatment on the basis of foreign patients' visit to South Korea and rarely built a medical network with other countries directly for medical tourism. This study presents a case of building a local medical network and a network for international medical tourism successfully on the basis of the local medical association, CMP, which has been formed naturally in Busan. The success factors for CMP included 1) enthusiasm of the official in charge; 2) the medical level, the service level, and open-mindedness of participant medical institutions; 3) cost efficiency due to executive office management with no costs, no conflicts, and constant partnership; 4) security of non-competitive expertise for participants; 5) local factors of CMP; 6) participation of good agencies; 7) reinforcement of participation networks; and 8) post facto management and local doctor management. Conclusions. Its positive effects included patient introduction and greater profitability on an internal basis as well as construction of the collaboration system with the institutions related to medical tourism and confidence. However, there are some limitations: it is still difficult to predict performance due to the short period of their activities, and it is necessary to continue to observe their constant activities since a single medical association was involved.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.109-120
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• 2007

Auxiliary support systems such as the reinforced protective umbrella method have been applied before tunnel excavation to increase ground stiffness and to prevent the large deformation. However, determination procedure of geotechnical parameters along the construction sequence contains various errors. This study suggests a method to characterize the time-dependent behavior of pre-reinforced zones around the tunnel using elastic waves. Experimental results show that shear strength as well as elastic wave velocities increase with the curing time. Shear strength and strength parameters can be uniquely correlated to elastic wave velocities. Obtained results from the laboratory tests are applied to numerical simulation of tunnel considering its construction sequences. Based on numerical analysis, initial installation part of pre-reinforcement and portal of tunnel are critical for tunnel stability. Result of the time-dependent condition is similar to the results of for $1{\sim}2$ days of the constant time conditions. Finally, suggested simple analysis method combining experimental and numerical procedure which considering time-dependent behavior of pre-reinforced zone on tunnel would provide reliable and reasonable design and analysis for tunnel.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.463-469
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• 2015

In this study, to improve bending strength performance of Korean white pine, we made the curved composite glulam that was reinforced with glass fiber materials and larch lamina. Five types of Korean white pine curved glulams were made depending on whether they had been reinforced or not and how they had been reinforced. Type-A, reference specimen, was produced only with Korean white pine lamina, and Type-B was with larch lamina in the same thickness. Type-C was made by inserting a glass fiber cloth of textile shape between the each layer. Type-D was reinforced with two glass fiber cloths, which were placed inside and outside of the outermost lamina. Type-E was reinforced with GFRP sheet in the same way as Type-D. As a result of this bending strength test, the modulus of rupture (MOR) of Type-B, Type-C and Type-E were increased by 29%, 6%, and 48% in comparison with Type-A. However, MOR of Type-D was decreased by 2% in comparison with Type-A. In the failure modes, Type-A, Type-B and Type-C were totally fractured at the maximum load. However, load values of Type-D and Type-E decreased slowly because of reinforcement of fracture suppression, and the GFRP sheet (Type-E) had better reinforcing effect on compressive stress and tensile stress than the glass fiber cloth (Type-D).