• Toxicological Research
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.255-261
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• 2005

Gami-Samhwang-San, a herbal prescription for obesity treatment, is composed of seven crude herbs such as Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, Ephedrae Herba, Scutellariae Radix, Acori Gramineri Rhizoma, Polygalae Radix, Typhae Pollen, Armeniacae Semen, Menthae Herba. In this study, marker substances in n-butanol fraction (SH-21-B) from Gami-Samhwang-San were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and acute toxicity of standardized SH-21-B was evaluated by good laboratory practices (GLP) guideline of Korea Food and Drug Administration. Therefore we confirmed that there were baicalin of 15.92%, amygdalin of 6.57% and ephedrine of 2.49% in SH-21-B. SH-21-B was administered in rats at dose of 0 mg/kg, 2,000 mg/kg, and 5,000mg/kg. Clinical signs of both sexes of rats were observed daily for 14 days after single oral administration. Two female rats one administered at 2,000 mg/kg and the other administered at 5,000 mg/kg, died, but no dead animal was observed among male rats. Therefore $LD_{50}$ in the female rat is observed to be 8,710 mg/kg, and MLD (Minimun Lethal Dose) of the male rat is observed to be more than 5,000 mg/kg.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.35-52
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• 2023

Objective: Internal injuries and consumptive disease have different causes, yet they can affect each other. The relationship and combination of prescription drugs in the clinical practice of internal injuries and consumptive disease were analyzed for various diseases of "Donguibogam" through network analysis. Methods: The prescriptions used in consumptive disease and internal injury were established by conducting a full survey on the papers extracted from Donguibogam. The R version 4.0.3 (2020-10-10) and the igraph and arules package were used to perform network analysis and association rule relationship mining analysis in the first and second prescription compositions. Results: The herb frequently used for internal injury was Glycyrrhizae Radix, while the herb combination frequently used was Citri Pericarpium-Glycyrrhizae Radix. For centrality, the main factor was generally Glycyrrhizae Radix. In the case of consumptive disease, the herb most frequently used was Angelicae Gigantis Radix, and the combination most frequently used was Rehmanniae Radix Preparata-Angelicae Gigantis Radix. In terms of centrality, it was Angelicae Gigantis Radix. As a result of the network analysis of herbal prescription frequency, each group was divided into three. Conclusion: The interrelationship between internal injury and consumptive disease prescription drugs may reveal the differences and similarities between internal injury and consumptive disease and may serve as a basis for the development of new drugs or materials that can enhance mutual effectiveness in the treatment of internal injury and consumptive diseases.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.773-778
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• 2007

숙지황을 간편하게 제조할 수 있는 새로운 방법을 개발하고자 고온고압처리방법을 적용시켜 처리조건에 따라 지표성분인 5-HMF의 함량과 몇 가지 품질특성의 변화를 조사하여 시판 숙지황과 비교분석하였다. 색도는 처리온도와 시간이 증가할수록 L, a, b값 모두 감소하였으며, $120^{\circ}C$, 4시간 처리와 $130^{\circ}C$, 2시간 처리 이후가 시판 숙지황의 색도와 유사하였다. Fructose는 $120^{\circ}C$에서 처리시간의 증가함에 따라 약간 증가하였고 그 후에는 큰 변화를 나타내지 않았으며, glucose는 $120^{\circ}C$, 3시간 처리까지 증가하였지만 그 후에는 변화가 적었다. Sucrose는 $130^{\circ}C$, 1시간 처리부터 검출되지 않았다. 아미노산은 모두 17종이 분석되었으며, 총 함량은 건지황에서 3,029 mg/100 g이었고 열처리온도가 증가할수 록 증가하여 $140^{\circ}C$, 2시간 처리에서 4,172 mg/100 g으로 가 장 높은 함량을 나타내었다. Catalpol 함량은 건지황에서 631.4 ppm이 검출되었으나 숙지황에서는 검출되지 않았고 고온고압처리에 의한 숙지황은 $130^{\circ}C$, 1시간 처리(275.9 ppm) 이후에 검출되지 않았다. 숙지황의 지표물질인 5-HMF는 건지황과 시판 숙지황에서 각각 0.12 및 4.04 mg/g으로 나타났다. 처리온도와 시간이 증가할수록 5-HMF 함량은 증가하였으며, $150^{\circ}C$, 5시간 처리구에서 24.95 mg/g으로 가장 높은 함량을 보였다. 5-HMF의 함량이 0.1% 이상일때 숙지황의 품질요건을 충족하므로 고온고압처리에 의한 숙지황 제조는 $130^{\circ}C$, 2시간에서 $140^{\circ}C$, 2시간 처리가 적합한 것으로 판단되었다.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.32-47
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• 2019

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate clinical studies on the effectiveness of Traditional Chinese Medicine treatment on growing pains in China, and to seek better methods to treat and study for growing pains in South Korea. Methods The clinical studies from the China Academic Journal (CAJ) in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) that were published up to January 2019 were reviewed. The key word used were '生長痛', '發育期痛', '治療', '中?治療', '中藥'. Then, the literature were analyzed in regards to the treatment methods and results. Results Among the 35 searched studies, 1 randomized controlled trials, 16 case series, and 3 case reports were selected and analyzed. In most of the studies, the effectiveness of Traditional Chinese Medicine treatment on growing pains was significantly positive. The most commonly used herbs for oral administration were Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (甘草), Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix (牛膝), Paeoniae Radix Alba (白芍藥), Dioscoreae Rhizoma (山藥), Angelicae Gigantis Radix (當歸), Astragali Radix (黃?), Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba (白朮), Poria Sclerotium (茯?) Rehmanniae Radix Preparata (熟地黃), Lycopodii Herba (伸筋草). Other treatment methods such as, external application of herb medicine, massage, acupuncture were also used to treat growing pains. Conclusion Based on the results of the clinical studies from China, the use of chinese medicine for treatment of growing pains has been shown to be effective. Additional clinical studies are needed to confirm these findings.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to take around herbal medicine for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in China. Methods : A journal search was performed using China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) from 2007 to 2012. Key words searched were 'ADHD'. Results : 25 studies were selected. Case control studies showed that herbal medicine treatment reported better results than the western medicine treatment group. 12 case reports reported a significant improvement in herbal medicine treatment for patients with ADHD. Frequently used herbal materials were Rhizome of Polygalae Radix and Rhizome of Acori Gramineri Rhizoma (16 times), Root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch (14 times), Root of Rehmanniae Radix et Rhizoma Preparata and Sclerotium of Poria cocos Wolf (12 times). Conclusions : There have been many studies regarding herbal medicine for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in China, and these studies can be applied to the clinical practices in Korea.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.76-83
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• 2009

Rehmannia Radix Preparata (RRP) used to nourish Eum and enrich blood for consumptive fever, aching, and limpness of the loins and knees, and to replenish essence for tinnitus, premature greying of beard and hair. In the present study, we studied about the protective effect of RRP on hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in human vascular endothelial cells. ECV304 cells were preincubated with RRP (100, 200, 300 and $400{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) for 12hr and then treated with $600{\mu}M$ $H_2O_2$ for 12hr. The protective effects of RRP on $H_2O_2$-induced apoptosis in ECV304 cells was determined by using MTT assay, FDA-PI staining, flow cytometric analysis, caspase-3 activity assay, ROS assay and western blot. The results of this experiment showed that RRP inhibited $H_2O_2$-induced apoptosis and ROS production in ECV304 cells. Moreover, RRP increased ERK activation that decreased in $H_2O_2$-treated ECV304 cells, and inhibited p38 and JNK activation. Furthermore, RRP increased expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in $H_2O_2$-treated ECV304 cells. Also, HO-1 protein expression induced by RRP was reduced by the addition of ERK inhibitor (PD98059) in $H_2O_2$-treated ECV304 cells. These results suggest that protective effect of RRP on $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress in ECV304 cells may be associated with increase of ERK activation and HO-1 protein, and reduction of p38 and JNK activation.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.1-37
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• 2003

The epistaxis is commonplace and temporary disease in the field of ENT. In most cases, it is a slight illness, but sometimes, it leads to death because of copious bleeding. The first treatment of epistaxis is stoping hemorrhage, but the real state of treatment in oriental medical is not thoroughgoing enough. So we referred to oriental medical journals and sundry records about etiology and remedy of epistaxis, we got this results. 1. The etiology of epistaxis was mostly bleeding due to heat in the blood by dysfunction of Jang and Bu Gi, there were affection wind-cold by exopathogen, spleen heat to liver, excessive fire of lung meridian, stagnated fire-heat of upper Cho, excessive drinking, bruise and so on. 2. The treatment was used much to remove heat from the blood and activating blood, in case of getting no better, it's used to enriching the blood or clear Gi. 3. The internal remedy of epistaxis was the most used 20times SeogakJihwangtang(犀角地黃湯) to remove heat from the blood and activating blood, and used Jihwangtang(地黃湯), Samhwangbohyultang(三黃補血湯), Jiyuksan(止육散), hueksinsan(黑神散), etc. The drugstuffs were the most used 51times Radix Rehmanniae Preparata((生地黃) to clear heat and remove heat from the blood, produce the body fluids, yin, and used Radix Paeoniae Alba(芍樂) and Radix Glycyrrhizae(甘草), Radix Angelicae Gignatis(當歸), Radix Scutellariae(黃岑), Rhizoma Coptidis(黃連) and Fructus Gardeniae(梔子), etc. 4. The external medical treatment of epistaxis was the most used 16times spraying the granular medication into the cavity and attaching Allii Bulbus(大蒜) to center of the sole or binding the middle finger, etc.

• 약학회지
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.274-280
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• 2009

To survey the status of quality control of major ingredients of 'Ssanghwatang (Oriental medicine used for fatigue)', we analyzed 1,024 samples (9 kinds) of medical herbs to determine amounts of ashes, acid-insoluble ashes, loss on drying that are major elements to ensure basic quality of herbal drugstuffs. After ash analysis, Paeoniae Radix (from China) failed to meet the herbal standard criterion. After yielding Z-score(indicating the probability of exceeding its criterion) Zizyphi Fructus, Zingiberis Rhizoma, Paeoniae Radix, Rehmanniae Radix Preparata became objects of intense quality control (=IQC). Analysis on loss on drying shows Cinnamomi Cortex was unsuitable and was put under the IQC. In case of respective heavy metals, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Cnidii Rhizoma, Cinnamomi Cortex exceeded the maximum permissible range for Cd. The 3 kinds of sub-standards were put to the IQC. Statistic figures showed a significant correlation (t-test, p<0.01) between country-of-origin and sub-quality rates. Compared to domestic one, imported medicinal herbs were less suitable in regard of acid-insoluble ash, loss on drying and Pb/Hg content. Meanwhile, amounts of Acid-insoluble ash showed positive relation with amounts of Pb (r=0.202) and As (r=0.243) among heavy metals leading to an inference that herbs of which root/rhizome is used for medical purposes attribute its high heavy metal content to the fine earth/sand being stuck to its root stalk.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.45-54
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• 2004

Objectives : This study was aimed to evaluate marker substances in Gami-Honghwa-Tang (KH-19) by high performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector (HPLC-DAD). Gami-Honghwa-Tang is composed of nine crude herbs, Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Cnidii Rhizoma, Paeoniae Radix, Corni Fructus, Moutan Cortex Radicis, Lycii Fructus, Carthami Flos and Glycyrrhizae Radix. Methods : The separation was performed on an Aquasil C18 (4.6×250mm) column by gradient elution with 0.05% TFA in H2O - 0.05% TFA in acetonitrile (0 min 100:0, 20 min 90:10, 40 min 70:30, 60 min 50:50, 80 min 0:100, 90 min 100:0) as the mobile phase at a flow-rate of 1.0 ml/min with detection at 190-800nm. Also we examined the contents for bacteria, pesticide residue and harmful heavy metals. Results : HPLC-DAD was employed to determine the quantities and the qualities of several marker substances such as 5­hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (5-HMF), paeonol, loganin, paeoniflorin, glycyrrhizin, and decursin in the KH-19. There were no bacterial contents, pesticide residues, or harmful heavy metals. Conclusions : We suggest these results could be a useful evidence for quality control of KH-19. This method permits fingerprints of selected individual marker substances from herbal prescriptions without derivatization, multiple purification steps, or lengthy separation times.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.167-183
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• 2012

Objective : Average, lowest, highest concentration and exceeding value of legal allowance of As, Cd, Pb, Co, Cr in frequently using 16 oriental herbal medicines in korea(Astragali Radix, Ginseng, Citri Unshii Pericarpium, Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Cnidii Rhizoma, Paeoniae Radix, Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, Zingiberis Rhizoma Crudus, Zizyphi Fructus, Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba, Hoelen, Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Corni Fructus, Schisandrae Fructus, Lycii Fructus) was evaluated according to their origines (korea, china) and property was also discussed according to the medicinally active part and individuals regardless origines. Method : Korean and Chinese herbal medicines were evenly sampled from corresponding country nationwide. Pre-treatment was executed according to the KFDA(Korea Food and Drug Administration) regulation and analysis was performed according to the Korean Environmental Analysis QA/QC. Result : Not much difference was observed according to their origines. However, lowest, highest and percent exceeding value of legal allowance was showed some consistent differences according to the medicinally active part and individuals. Co and Cr was can not be evaluated since their legal regulation was not established yet. Conclusion : The average concentration of As, Cd, Pb, Co, Cr in frequently using 16 oriental herbal medicines in korea showed no noticeable difference according to their origines. Regardless the origin, some consistent differences were observed according to the individuals and medicinally active parts.