• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 2003

Objectives: This paper introduces need and supply level of rural mental health care service and especially focuses on the evaluation for the community mental health programs of Public Health Centers(PHCs) in rural areas as the facilities for primary mental health care. Methods: We defined the need as prevalance rate and service utilization rate, for which reviewed the results of the epidemiological study of mental disorders using Korean Composite International Diagnostic Interview surveyed on a nationwide scale in 2001. Supply was appraised in terms of psychiatric beds and primary mental heath care facilities such as private psychiatric clinics, facilities for social rehabilitation, PHCs running community mental health programs. For this, we reveiwed a variety of annual reports related mental health published by Ministry of Health and Welfare. To evaluate the community mental health programs of PHCs in rural areas, we selected. randomly samples out of the 3rd community health plans including the contents of community mental health programs, which submitted by 89 rural counties and 44 cities mixed with rural areas, and used the program's guideline established by central government as a standard. Results: Prevalence rates of major psychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia, alcoholism, major depression, anxiety disorder were higher in rural area than in urban area and 8.9% of psychiatric patients in both areas stayed at homes contacted with mental health manpower more than one time during the last year. Psychiatric beds were sufficiently supplied, but urban area had less beds than rural area contrary to general health care service. Psychiatric clinics were supplied very insufficiently in rural areas and PHCs bridged the gap instead. However rural PHCs got less financial support for community mental health programs from higher positioned agencies than urban PHCs. Rural community health programs not supported hardly worked out. Conclusions: Central government should consider a special policy for rural primary mental health care, because private psychiatric clinics can't be introduced in rural areas due to demand-deficiency and the financial independence of rural counties was very vulnerable.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.109-128
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• 2021

Objective : The purpose of this study was to develop a Korean version of the Activities of Daily Living (ADL)-focused Occupation-Based Neurobehavioral Evaluation (A-ONE) through cross-cultural adaptation and examine its validity and reliability. Methods : This study translated the A-ONE into Korean and performed cross-cultural adaptation for the Korean population. After the development of the Korean version of the A-ONE, cross-cultural and concurrent validities were analyzed. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and inter-rater reliability were also evaluated. Results : We adapted three items to the Korean culture. The Korean version of the A-ONE showed high cross-cultural validity with a content validity index (I-CVI) >0.9. It correlated with the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) (r=0.52-0.77, p<0.001), except for communication. Cronbach's α was 0.58-0.93 for the functional independence scale (FI) and 0.42-0.93 for the neurobehavioral specific impairment subscale (NBSIS). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) indicated high test-retest and inter-rater reliability for FI (ICC=0.79-1.00 and 0.75-1.00, respectively) and NBSIS (ICC=0.74-1.00 and 0.72-1.00, respectively). Conclusion : The Korean version of the A-ONE is well adapted to the Korean culture and has good validity and reliability. It is recommended to evaluate ADL performance skills and neurobehavioral impairments simultaneously in Korea.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.3A
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• pp.201-209
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• 2010

Generally, PSC girder bridge uses total gross cross section to resist applied loads unlike reinforced concrete member. Also, it is used as short and middle span (less than 30 m) bridges due to advantages such as ease of design and construction, reduction of cost, and convenience of maintenance. But, due to recent increased public interests for environmental friendly and appearance appealing bridges all over the world, the demands for longer span bridges have been continuously increasing. This trend is shown not only in ordinary long span bridge types such as cable supported bridges but also in PSC girder bridges. In order to meet the increasing demands for new type of long span bridges, PSC hollow box girder with H-type steel as compression reinforcements is developed for bridge with a single span of more than 50 m. The developed PSC girder applies compressive prestressing at H-type compression reinforcements using unbonded PS tendon. The purpose of compressive prestressing is to recover plastic displacement of PSC girder after long term service by releasing the prestressing. The static test composed of 4 different stages in 3-point bending test is performed to verify safety of the bridge. First stage loading is applied until tensile cracks form. Then in second stage, the load is removed and the girder is unloaded. In third stage, after removal of loading, recovery of remaining plastic deformation is verified as the compressive prestressing is removed at H-type reinforcements. Then, in fourth stage, loading is continued until the girder fails. The experimental results showed that the first crack occurs at 1,615 kN with a corresponding displacement of 187.0 mm. The introduction of the additional compressive stress in the lower part of the girder from the removal of unbonded compressive prestressing of the H-type steel showed a capacity improvement of about 60% (7.7 mm) recovery of the residual deformation (18.7 mm) that occurred from load increase. By using prestressed H-type steel as compression reinforcements in the upper part of cross section, repair and rehabilitation of PSC girders are relatively easy, and the cost of maintenance is expected to decrease.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.283-304
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to identify Web accessibility issues of healthcare websites of the Korean government and public agencies by evaluating these websites' accessibility in accordance with the Korean Web Contents Accessibility Guideline. This study conducted both automated and expert testing to assess the accessibility of a total of 27 health-related websites. The results of the assessment which was conducted in two stages indicated that institutions such as the National Hospital and National Rehabilitation Center demonstrated almost no Web accessibility error. In addition, the Korea Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, the Ministry of Health and Welfare, the Health Services Agency, the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, and the Korea Medical Dispute Mediation and Arbitration Agency attained very high web accessibility. However, the results of an expert evaluation highlighted that there were considerable errors in providing appropriate alternative text, which was not found in the automated test, and the color contrast of the text content did not comply with Web accessibility standard. Therefore, these websites did not support web accessibility for the sight-impaired. Furthermore, the present study found that it was difficult to deliver accurate information to users due to errors in the default language display and markup, and also, issues of skipping repeated content, content linearization, and compliance with keyboard use were considered as challenges that might arise for people with sight, cognitive and mobility impairments with respect to Web accessibility. It is the first study that evaluated accessibility of healthcare websites of the Korean government and public agencies based on the Korean Web Contents Accessibility Guideline. The present study made a contribution to research on Web accessibility by conducting expert testing, which provided a more complete assessment that identified the degree and specific issues of accessibility errors when compared to automated testing.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.55-71
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• 2020

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the necessity of occupational therapist's involvement in patient discharge planning, the areas that should be considered for discharge screening and planning, and to provide the basic data required for the development of a discharge assessment tool. Methods : We conducted an online questionnaire survey of 60 occupational therapists who were working at medical institutions and had agreed to participate in the study. The questionnaire was composed of 36 questions regarding the general characteristics of the current discharge planning process and the necessity of discharge assessment and planning. Descriptive statistics, an independent t-test, and a one-way ANOVA were conducted using SPSS 20.0. As for the post-hoc test, Scheffe's test was used. Results : The awareness of occupational therapist's role in discharge planning and the necessity of a discharge assessment tool were high, but the occupational therapist's awareness of discharge-related knowledge was low. The difficulties in discharge planning showed high response rate in the absence of adequate fee-for-service in the patient interview and assessment and the lack of team approach and appropriate assessment tools for discharge planning. The high-needs areas for evaluation during discharge were fall risk and BADL, and the low-needs areas were well-being and functional level prior to onset. Conclusion : This study is expected to provide preliminary information necessary for the development of a discharge assessment tool for effective discharge planning.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2014

Objective : The purpose of this study was to look at a systematic review on the effects of occupational reminiscence therapy in Dementia offered National Long term care Insurance. Through this comprehensive study, we have to compare the studies. Methods : We systematically examined papers published in journal from 2009 to 2013, using KERIS. Main words to examine are Dementia, Long term care service, Day care center, reminiscence therapy, occupational centered, etc. Results : 6 studies were selected, All of them were occupational reminiscence therapy. Reminiscence therapy can be devided into communication centered reminiscence therapy and occupational reminiscence therapy. The results demonstrated that the intervention significantly affected the maintenance cognitive skills and reminiscence skills, decreased depression, behavioral changes, improvement of communication and interaction skills and quality of life etc. of elderly people with dementia (p<.05). Conclusions : If occupational therapists can obtain knowledge and make a program for occupational reminiscence therapy, research in this field will be further developed. In the future study, the use of occupational reminiscence therapy applied to a variety of interventions and majority of patients is needed on occupational therapy.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.43-58
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• 2017

Objectives : The Purpose of this study was to develop the occupation based grocery shopping skill training program for group of person with developmental disability and to test its effect. Methods : We set the grocery shopping task for the theme of the program and we applied this program for 9 sessions. There were initial, final, and follow-up evaluation and training sessions were provided 6 times. In the every session, group training program for grocery shopping skills was conducted. The performance of grocery shopping skills was evaluated by Test of Grocery Shopping Skills(TOGSS). Results : At the final assessment of grocery shopping skill, there were increased performance skills especially in item collection and size comparison. Among 3 subjects, two showed in improved navigation skills in order to search for target items. However, there was no improvement in comparing the optical price of items. For the last, it was significant that the total time to spend for shopping were commonly decreased. The performance of grocery shopping were maintained in 2 subjects and another subject was unable to perform it at the 5 month later follow-up evaluation. Conclusion : The occupation based grocery shopping skill training group program which was developed in this study is useful guide-line for occupational therapists who seek for the community based program. All 3 subjects showed the improved performance on shopping skill through this program.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1-9
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• 2016

The paper aims at evaluating effects of preventive maintenance on life cycle cost(LCC) reduction of bridges. The preventive maintenance activities capable to delay bridge deteriorations can reduce overall maintenance costs and extend service life of a bridge by regularly providing maintenance activities and avoiding larger maintenance(repairs or rehabilitations) costs. Couple of prediction models were proposed in order to calculate LCC of a typical bridge: a health score model and repair rehabilitation cost model. In addition, the maintenance activities such as wash and painting were also suggested in order to consider effects of preventive maintenance in the analysis based on literature reviews. According to analysis results, new maintenance strategy(reactive maintenance + preventive maintenance) can save \0.5 billion per bridge for future life-cycle costs over 100 year analysis or \184 billion for entire HBMS(Highway Bridge Management System) inventory over 20 years. Small investments for preventive maintenance in improved bridge management can have a very significant return when considering the large bridge inventory.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.276-290
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• 2020

Purpose: The construction history of domestic port facilities has been more than 100 years, and until recently, modern facilities have been continuously built and expanded. However, it is not easy to keep the required performance conditions at the time of initial construction due to changes in the marine environment and increase in volume. In particular, in the case of harbor structures that have a long service life, safety performance and function management are becoming very important due to the increase in the size of ships, the increasing frequency of use, and the increase in the scale of natural disasters. Method: Therefore, this study investigates the state change by structural type of port facilities and analyzes the rehabilitation activities and the history that contribute to the performance improvement and life extension activities. Result: Through this, we distinguished between performance improvement cost (CAPEX) and repair maintenance activity (OPEX) that can be used to establish port facility maintenance strategy, and suggested cost model that can be used to establish maintenance strategy. Conclusion: These studies are expected to contribute greatly to mid- to long-term investment decisions.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.194-222
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• 1996

Various accidents and injuries are currently occurring in Korea at increasingly high rates. Good quality emergency care service is urgently needed to cope with these various forms of accidents and injuries. In order to develop a sound emergency care system, there need to be a plan to educate and train professionals specifically in emergency care. One solution for the on going problem would be to educate and train emergency clinical nurse specialists. This study on a strategy for curriculum development for emergency clinical nurse specialist was based on the following five content areas, developed from literature related to the curriculum of emergency nursing and emergency care situation : 1. Nurses working in the emergency rooms of three university hospitals were analyzed for six days to identify categories of nursing activities. 2. Two hundreds and eleven nurses working in the emergency rooms of 12 university hospitals were surveyed to identify needs for educational content that should be included in a curriculum for the clinical nurse specialist. 3. Examination of the environment in which emergency management was provided. 4. Identification of characteristics of patients in the emergency room. 5. The role of emergency clinical nurse specialist was identified through literature, recent data, and research materials. The following curriculum was formulated using the above mentioned process. 1. The philosophy of education for emergency clinical nurse specialist was established through a realistic philosophical framework. In this frame, client, environment, health, nursing, and learning have been defined. 2. The purpose of education is framed on individual development, social structure, nursing process and responsibility along with the role and function of the emergency clinical nurse specialist. 3. The central theme was based on human, environment, health and nursing. 4. The elements of structure in the curriculum content were divided to include two major threads, I, e., vertical and horizontal : The vertical thread to consist of the client, life cycle, education, research, leadership and consultation, and the horizontal thread to consist of level of nursing (prevention to rehabilitation), and health to illness based on the health care system developed by Betty Neuman system model. 5. Behavioral objectives for education were structured according to the emergency clinical nurse specialist role and function as a master degree prepared in various emergency settings. 6. The content of the curriculum consisted of three core courses(9 credits), five major courses(15 credits), six elective courses(12 credits) and six prerequisite courses (12 credits). Thus 48 credits are required. Recommendations : 1. To promote tile quality of the emergency care system, the number of emergency professionals, has to be expanded. Further the role and function of the emergency clinical nurse specialist needs to be specified in both the medical law and the Nursing Practice Act. 2. In order to upgrade the qualification of emergency clinical nurse specialists, the course should be given as part of the graduate Program. 3. Certification should be issued through the Korean Nurses Association.