• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.249-273
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• 2016

Recently companies consider the patent activity as one of the critical factor for success in global economy even though one of the enterprise's competitiveness factor was productivity in past industry economy. Since there are so many patent dispute globally in IT industry, it is very important for companies to register and manage patents strategically. Therefore, this research analyze relationship between Financial result and 3 patent activity factors like productivity, effectiveness, and high-quality by investigating patent and financial data of 217 Korean IT enterprises. This paper get the following results after building research model and hypothesis based on resource-based theory and analysing the data sets using multiple regression model. First, effectiveness and high-quality of patents showed positive(+) effect on growth of total assets of IT enterprises. Second, three factors of patent activities do not have significant results with average increase rate of sales. Third, only high-quality of patents have positive(+) effect on average increase rate of net income. The differentiation factor of this research is that this paper categorized patent activity factors as quantitative and qualitative factors, and practically suggested strategic direction of patent activities of IT companies which face serious patent distribute globally.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.49-68
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was 1) to review communal housing in the UK, 2) to consider the policy implications for elderly communal housing in Korea. The research methods used were 1) literature review about communal housing and related policy in the UK 2) field survey in the UK 3) interpretative suggestion for the proper policy implication to develope communal housing for the elderly in Korea. Sheltered housing in the UK had been developed as communal housing for the elderly with special needs since the 1970s. The type of sheltered housing were category 1 and category 2. Very sheltered housing with more facilities and meal services was added in 1980s. Sheltered housing was evaluated as the most humanistic solution for older people in the UK in 1980s. Because of the policy of moving institutional care to community care, sheltered housing became less in demand because of more options for older people including being able to stay in their own home. So new completion of sheltered housing by registered social landlords reduced saliently. Sheltered housing already totalled over half million units in which 5% of all elderly over 65 still lived and a small quantity of private sector for sale schemes emerged in the 1990s. The reason why the residents moved to sheltered housing was for sociable, secure, and manageable living arrangements. In general the residents were satisfied with these characteristics but dissatisfied with the service charge and quality of meals, especially in category 2.5 schemes. The degree of utilisation of communal spaces and facilities depended on the wardens ability and enthusiasm. Evaluation of sheltered housing indicated several problems such as wardens duty as a \"good neighbour\" ; difficult-to-let problems with poor location or individual units of bedsittiing type with shared bathroom ; and the under use of communal spaces and facilities. Some ideas to solve these problems were suggested by researchers through expanding wardens duty as a professional, opening the scheme to the public, improving interior standards, and accepting non-elderly applicants who need support. Some researchers insisted continuing development of sheltered housing, but higher standards must be considered for the minority who want to live in communal living arrangement. Recently, enhanced sheltered housing with greater involvement of relatives and with tied up policy in registration and funding suggested as an alternative for residential care. In conclusion, the rights of choice for older people should be policy support for special needs housing. Elderly communal housing, especially a model similar to sheltered housing category 2 with at least 1 meal a day might be recommended for a Korean Model. For special needs housing development either for rent or for sale, participation of the public sector and long term and low interest financial support for the private sector must be developed in Korea. Providing a system for scheme managers to train and retrain must be encouraged. The professional ability of the scheme manager to plan and to deliver services might be the most important factor for the success of elderly communal housing projects in Korea. In addition the expansion of a public health care service, the development of leisure programs in Senior Citizens Centre, home helper both for the elderly in communal housing and the elderly in mainstream housing of the community as well. Providing of elderly communal housing through the modified general Construction Act rather than the present Elderly Welfare Act might be more helpful to encourage the access of general people in Korea. in Korea.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.340-360
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• 1982

Because of the continuing rapid increase in pesticide usage in Taiwan, much attention has been focus on pesticide contamination of food and effect of pesticides on human and environmental health. The Plant Protection Center (PPC) conducts safety evaluation of pesticides usee! in Taiwan. The pesticides are classified into different groups based on their acute toxicities. Pesticides which are classified into extremely toxic group are not allow to used on short term crops or the continuously harvest crops. The acute toxicity of pesticides to the beneficial insects are also studied, special attention has been paid to the two predators of rice brown planthopper. 60% of cultivated land in Taiwan are paddy field; therefore, acute fish toxicity was taken into consideration when a pesticide was applied for registration to be used in the paddy. Fish toxicities were evaluated by the dangerous rating value which is the amount of pesticide residue in the field water over the TLM value. Mutagenicity of pesticides was continuously evaluated by using Arne's microbial testing method. Island wide survey of residual levels of pesticides of known pollutants such as chlorinated hydrocarbon . insecticides, mercurial compounds in soil, water and biological samples were carried out constantly. The potential of a new1y Imported esticides to pollute the environment were studied by using model ecosystem. Ecological magnification (EM) of a chemical was calculated from model ecosystem. A chemical was considered as a pollutant when its EM value over 5000. In order to ensure the levels of pesticides residue of the crop within the safety limit. The 'tolerance' of pesticides on different crop groupings were established base on 1) acceptable daily intake value of individual pesticides, 2) average daily consumption of each crop groupings by Chinese person, 3) Actual residues of pesticides. on different crops obtained from supervised trials. Total about 79 pesticides for which the tolerances have been established on different crop groupings. Because the intensive agricultural system was adopted in Taiwan. The phytotoxicity of pesticides to the non-target crops was therefore become one of the important factor in the safety evaluation of pesticide usage. These will include 1) direct injury, 2) injury caused by pesticide polluted irrigation water, 3) injury caused by the pesticide polluted soil, 4) reduction of growth caused by the effect of pesticide on the soil microorganisms. This paper will reviewed all the aspects mentioned in the previous .paragraphs. Most the works have done in Taiwan by the PPC.y the PPC.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.23
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• pp.10505-10508
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• 2015

Background: Breast cancer is an important cause of death among women. One way of classifying different forms of breast cancer is by molecular features, usually in terms of the four subtypes: luminal A, luminal B, HER2-enriched, and triple negative. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the association between molecular subtypes and survival among breast cancer patients treated with radiotherapy. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted. The subjects were 272 breast cancer patients who had received treatment in the radiotherapy unit at Srinagarind Hospital, Thailand, between 1 January, 1999, and 31 May, 2009. The end of the study was 1 June, 2014. Overall survival was defined as the time elapsing between initial registration at the radiotherapy unit and death or the end of the study. Survival curves were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and a multivariate analysis was performed using Cox's proportional hazard regression model. Results: The patient mean age was $47.5{\pm}10.4$ at the time of diagnosis. Of the 272 patients, 146 (53.7%) were classified as luminal A, 12 (4.4%) as luminal B, 30 (11.0%) as HER2-enriched, and 84 (30.9%) as triple negative. The overall survival rates at 1, 3 and 5 years were 87.1%, 68.4% and 59.2%, respectively. According to molecular subtypes, HER2-enriched patients had the lowest 5-year survival rate (30.0 %, 95%CI: 15.02-46.55). The median follow-up time was 8.37 years. In the Cox model analysis a higher risk of death was found for patients with HER2-enriched ($HR_{adj}=3.34$, 95%CI:1.96-5.67), triple negative ($HR_{adj}=2.17$, 95%CI: 1.44-3.27), and stage IIlB ($HR_{adj}=2.20$, 95%CI: 1.16-4.17) cancers. Conclusions: The worst survival rates were among patients classified as HER2-enriched, triple negative and at stage IIIB. Early detection and an advanced treatment modality are needed to help these patients.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.242-254
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• 2000

Accurate impression is very important to achieve desirable prosthesis and there are many factors in taking a good impression. For example, types of impression material, types of impression tray, impression taking methods and so on. Recently individual tooth tray technique is accepted as obtaining good impression that can be applied to multiple abutment impression, heavy salivated patient, to minimize the effect of natural teeth s undercuts and to reduce pain during cord packing procedures. The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy according to materials and forms of the individual tooth tray which is clinically applied nowadays. Used materials in experiment were divided into 3 types (acrylic resin. $Futar^{(R)}$ occlusion. $Blu-mousse^{(R)}$) and forms were divided into 2 types (forming occlusal vent hole or not and forming marginal vent space or not). Stone master model from impression body and metal master model were measured by $X-PLAN360d^{(R)}$ to compare occlusal surface discrepancy and marginal discrepancy. The results were as follows: 1. In comparison of occlusal surface discrepancy and marginal discrepancy according to materials, groups with three materials showed no statistical difference 2. In comparison of occlusal surface discrepancy and marginal discrepancy according to occlusal vent hole, groups with occlusal vent hole showed significantly less marginal discrepancy than groups with no occlusal vent hole(p<0.05). 3. In comparison of occlusal surface discrepancy and marginal discrepancy according to 0.5mm-marginal-vent-space, groups with no 0.5mm-marginal-vent-space showed significantly less marginal discrepancy than groups with 0.5mm-marginal-vent-space (p<0.05). In summary these results suggest that individual tooth tray made of 3 types of materials with occlusal vent hole and individual tooth tray made of acrylic resin with no marginal vent space showed good accuracy of impression. In addition, individual tooth tray which is made of bite registration materials may be more useful because of advantage in facility and timesaving aspect of fabrication.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.22
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• pp.15-26
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• 2019

This study was focused on the three-dimensional convergence modeling that can multilaterally analyze internal and external shapes of the Sam-Chongtong Hand Canon by optical precision scanning optimized for acquiring the surface shape and X-ray CT scanning used for obtaining the internal shape. First, the scanning results were converted by compatible extension, after which three-dimensional deviation analysis was conducted to verify mutual conformities. Accordingly, most (56.98%) deviations between the two scanning models was found be ±0.1mm. This result did not influence registration and merging based on the ICP algorithm. The merged data exhibited the external surface color, detailed shapes, internal width, and structure of the hand canon. The three-dimensional model based on optical surface scanning and X-ray CT scanning can be used for traditional technique interpretation as well as digital documentation of cultural heritage. In the future, it will contribute to deliver accessible scientific information of exhibits for visitors.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.254-279
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• 2016

Recently, with the conversion towards knowledge-based economy era, the importance of the evaluation for patent valuation has been growing rapidly because technology transactions are increasing with the purpose of practically utilizing R&D outcomes such as technology commercialization and technology transfer. Nevertheless, there is a lack of research on determinants of patent valuation by analyzing technology transactions due to the difficulty of collecting data in practice. Hence, to suggest quantitative determinants for the patent valuation which could be applied to scoring methods, 15 patent valuation models domestically and overseas are analysed in order to assure the objectiveness for subjective results from qualitative methods such as expert surveys, comparison assessment, etc. Through this analysis, the important 6 common determinants are drawn and patent information is matched which can be used as proxy variables of individual determinant factors by advanced researches. In addition, to validate whether the model proposed has a statistically meaningful effect, total 517 technology transactions are collected from both public and private technology transaction offices and analysed by multiple regression analysis, which led to significant patent determinant factors in deciding its value. As a result, it is herein presented that patent connectivity(number of literature cited) and commercialization stage in market influence significantly on patent valuation. The meaning of this study is in that it suggests the significant quantitative determinants of patent valuation based on the technology transactions data in practice, and if research results by industry are systematically verified through seamless collection of transaction data and their monitoring, we would propose the customized patent valuation model by industry which is applicable for both strategic planning of patent registration and achievement assessment of research projects (with representative patents).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.345-352
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• 2020

To preserve and restore tidal flats and prevent safety accidents, it is necessary to construct tidal flat topographic information including the exact location and shape of tidal creeks. In the tidal flats where the field surveying is difficult to apply, airborne LiDAR surveying can provide accurate terrain data for a wide area. On the other hand, we can economically obtain relatively high-resolution data from UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) surveying. In this study, we proposed the methodology to generate high-resolution topographic information of tidal flats effectively by integrating airborne LiDAR and UAV point clouds. For the purpose, automatic ICP (Iterative Closest Points) registration between two different datasets was conducted and tidal creeks were extracted by applying CSF (Cloth Simulation Filtering) algorithm. Then, we integrated high-density UAV data for tidal creeks and airborne LiDAR data for flat grounds. DEM (Digital Elevation Model) and tidal flat area and depth were generated from the integrated data to construct high-resolution topographic information for large-scale tidal flat map creation. As a result, UAV data was registered without GCP (Ground Control Point), and integrated data including detailed topographic information of tidal creeks with a relatively small data size was generated.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.59-67
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• 2017

At the completion of the construction, various finishing processes are concentrated. This imposes a burden on the on-site manager and imposes on experience based quality control, thereby causing deviations in the quality of construction depending on supervisor or worker's individual competence. In addition, the information related to quality control is frequently scattered in various types of documents such as specifications and drawings, and checkpoints are frequently omitted. It is necessary to provide a tool that can effectively provide the practitioner before or during the inspection work by systematically storing the information related to the defect prevention and linking them in a mutually referential state. This paper proposes an quality inspection support model that can systematically store necessary information on activity or room basis for the quality check of the apartment house finishing work. Establish a defect prevention information base and a information nexus by linking specifications, design standards, checklists, regulations, defect cases, and drawings to the finishing process and the rooms. Based on this, information registration and search interface are presented. It can contribute to securing a certain level of construction quality or more by suggesting a frame that can be utilized by linking various defects prevention information with the focus on closing activity and room.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.469-480
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to enhance the cultural heritage value of the Juk-Bang-Ryeum (Bamboo Weir) and prove the originality through the review of historical literature. The main industry of Korean was agriculture and fishery from ancient. In the ancient, fishery instruments are not enough due to the lack of fishing technology. The Juk-Bang-Ryeum was considered as important national resources and asset. It give us many implications about the wisdom of our ancestors because of it's scientific principle of the structure. It is surely a cultural heritage to preserve in the future because it is considered as important community asset as well as more natural and environment oriented fishing method. In the literature, the origin of 'Juk-Bang-Ryeum' can be found as 'Eo-Ryang' or 'Bang-Ryeum'. The records on this terminology go back to the Corea Dynasty, but their documentary records are rare, and most of them are records of the Chosun Dynasty. In this study, we surveyed mainly the literature records about the southern coast region in the period of Chosun Dynasty. This study contributes for preserving the cultural assets of our ancestors who pursued eco-friendly fishery method, and it is also of great significance to produce objective data based on records for the registration of the World Record Heritage.