• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
• /
• 1993.05a
• /
• pp.70-70
• /
• 1993

Fundamental frequency is controlled by contraction of both TA and CT muscle. While activity of the CT is known well, little is known regarding the effect of the TA muscle on vocal fold vibration. To study this, a previously developed in vivo canine laryngeal model was modified. Isolated TA muscle activation was obtained by stimulating sectioned terminal TA branches through small thyroid cartilage windows. The results indicated that TA muscle activation is a major determinant in vocal register shift from falsetto to modal phonation. F0 increased with increasing TA activation in modal register, On the other hand, the F0 decreased with TA activation when the evoked voice belonged to falsetto register. Subglottic pressure increased gradually and OQ decreased gradually with TA activation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.381-394
• /
• 2019

The marine industry contributes a large proportion of the air pollutant emissions along coastal regions, and this air pollution has been strongly linked to cardiovascular diseases and other illnesses. To alleviate the problem, many ports have installed alternative maritime power (AMP) facilities that enable onboard marine auxiliary engines with generators (gensets) to be shut down while a ship is at berth. This study compared the emissions from conventional gensets with those from AMP facilities, focusing on four emission types: greenhouse gases (GHG), sulphur oxides (SOX), nitrogen oxides (NOX), and particulate matter (PM). Both direct (combustion / operation) and indirect (upstream) emissions were considered together for the emission comparison. The results showed that AMP has lower emissions than conventional onboard gensets, and this benefit is highly dependent on the electricity generation mix onshore. On average, GHG emissions could be reduced by about 18.3 %, while the other emissions (SOX, NOX, and PM) would decrease more dramatically (88.4 %, 90.1 %, and 91.5 %, respectively). Additionally, future benefits of the AMP would increase due to the expansion of renewable energies. Thus, this study supports the potential of AMP as a promising solution for environmental concerns at ports worldwide.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.52-58
• /
• 2019

Marine emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) have received much attention because the International Maritime Organization (IMO) requires the installation of vapour emission control systems for the loading of crude oils or petroleum products onto ships. It was recently recognised that significant corrosion occurs inside these vapour emission control systems, which can cause severe clogging issues. In this study, we analysed the chemical composition of drain water sampled from currently operating systems to investigate the primary causes of corrosion in vapour recovery systems. Immersion and electrochemical tests were conducted under simulated conditions with various real drain water samples, and the impact of corrosion on the marine vapour recovery system was carefully investigated. Moreover, corrosion tests on alternative materials were conducted to begin identifying appropriate substitutes. Thermodynamic calculations showed the effects of environmental factors on the production of condensed sulphuric acid from VOC gas. A model of sulphuric acid formation and accumulation by the characteristics of VOC from crude oil and flue gas is suggested.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2006.10d
• /
• pp.98-100
• /
• 2006

본 논문은 기존의 고속 인쇄기용 레지스터 컨트롤러가 고가의 외국 제품을 사용해 온 것에 반해 이를 대체 할 뿐 아니라 저렴한 가격의 레지스터 칸트롤러를 개발 하는 것을 목표로 하고 기존 250mpm(meter per minute)의 두 배인 500mpm의 고속 인쇄에서도 사용할 수 있도록 레지스터 컨트롤러를 개발해 오차 보정을 좀 더 정확하고 신속하게 하는 것에 그 목적이 있다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.18 no.11
• /
• pp.1754-1766
• /
• 1993

The application of VXIbus system, an Industry standard, is rapidly spreading with its ability to offer the easiness of integration from GPIB and the fast data transmission from VMEbus system. Compared with VXIbus Register Based Device, VXIbus Message Based Device has a drawback In the aspect of speed. But it is possible to utilize high level ASCII commands to control a Message Based Device, therefore system integration is much easier with Message Based Device than with Register Based Device. And, the FFT analyzer is an instrument for signal analysis which can be inexpensively implemented to be fast and have high resolution. Its wide ability of analysis presents numerous application. So, it is necessary to apply VXIbus system to FFT analyzer. In this paper, the implementation of FFT analyzer is performed using a DSP module and by implementing all A/D conversion circuit and a control module which performs VXIbus interface. The device can be controlled by Slot0 Commender which supports VXIbus Shared Memory Protocol through VXIbus.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
• /
• v.43 no.4 s.310
• /
• pp.23-30
• /
• 2006

This paper presents design andd verification of a circuit that improves the control-operation problems of Stored Program Optical Computer (SPOC), which is an optical computer using $LiNbO_3$ optical switching element. Since the memory of SPOC takes the Delay Line Memory (DLM) architecture and instructions that are needless of operands should go though memory access stages, SPOC memory have problems; it takes immoderate access time and unnecessary operations are executed in Arithmetic Logical Unit (ALU) because desired operations can't be selectively executed. In this paper, improvement on circuit has been achieved by removing the memory access of instructions that are needless of operands by decoding instructions before locating operand. Unnecessary operations have been reduced by sending operands to some specific operational units, not to all the operational units in ALD. We show that total execution time of a program is minimized by using the Dual Instruction Register(DIR) architecture.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
• /
• 2004.06b
• /
• pp.451-454
• /
• 2004

The reconfigurable architecture is increasingly important for design of multi-mode communication systems and computation-intensive DSP systems. The proposed coarse-grain architecture is based on a reconfigurable processing element consisting of a MAC unit, a register file, a context data register, and PE interconnect control blocks. The main feature of the Proposed architecture is the loop context which enables faster configuration. Also, we propose another area-efficient reconfigurable architecture with improved reconfigurability. The SystemC modeling results show that the proposed architecture can reduce 9 clock cycles of 2D DCT compared to existing architectures.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
• /
• 2000.11b
• /
• pp.87-90
• /
• 2000

This paper describes a register-controlled symmetrical delay-locked-loop (DLL) using hybrid delay line for use in a high frequency double-data-rate DRAM. The proposed DLL uses a hybrid delay line which can cover two-step delays(coarse/fine delay) by one delay element. The DLL dissipate less power than a conventional dual-loop DLL which use a coarse and a fine delay element and control separately. Additionally, this DLL not only achieves small phase resolution compared to the conventional digital DLL's when it is locked but it also has a great simple delay line compared to a complex dual-loop DLL.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.1255-1262
• /
• 2000

This paper proposes a hardware allocation and binding algorithm for ASIC Design. The proposed algorithm works on schedules input graph and simultaneously allocates and binds functional units, interconnections and registers by considering interdependency between operations and storage elements in each control step, in order to share registers and interconnections connected to functional units, as much as possible. Especially, he register allocation is executes the allocation optimal using graph coloring. This paper shows the effectiveness of the algorithm by comparing experiments to determine number of functional unit and register in advance or to separate executing allocation and binding of existing system.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics T
• /
• v.35T no.3
• /
• pp.9-14
• /
• 1998

The speech recognition on long vowels are carried out by electric circuits. A level compressor is able to transform the wave of voice to serial pulses. The obtained pulses have informations to distinguish the vowels. The sampling of the pulses is carried out by the register which picks up a series of serial signals in a pitch of a vowel as an unit. The timing control pulses such as sampling pulses are generated by using peak pulses in the speech wave. The parallel data in the register assign the phonetic symbol by means of the decision making circuit which carries out the IF-THEN rule.