• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.155-163
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• 2014

At gas stations, liquid fuels expand and contract in volume owing to temperature variations. In Korea, the ambient temperature varies between $-15^{\circ}C$ in winter and $35^{\circ}C$ in summer. The volume expansion coefficients of liquid fuels are about $0.1%/^{\circ}C$. To investigate this issue, we measured daily changes in fuel temperature and the delivered fuel temperature at gas stations. In addition, we scrutinized the daily, monthly, and annual changes in temperature over past 50 years in Korea. The results show that the temperature of the fuel in the storage tank was maintained at a stable value(summer or winter). Many factors, such as the surrounding conditions, fuel filling frequency, and gas station location, influence the delivered fuel temperature. The results of this study can be applied for establishing a national regulation and will contribute to fair transactions.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.111-134
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• 2015

This research was initiated on the basis that public libraries should serve its role as a supplier of intellectual informations to all users and the National Library of Korea should play a role as chief supporter of collection preservation in individual libraries. Situated in such context, this study attempted to investigate several aspects of the present conditions of Korea public libraries, including the current technical ability and technicians available for materials preservation and restoration, current policies for preservation and provisions for disasters, and opinions on establishment of national library preservation and restoration center. Data was drawn from a survey with 208 public libraries in the country. As a conclusion, this study discusses such as 1) securing collection management policies for material preservations and restorations at the level of individual libraries 2) building tripartite system for efficient and methodical material preservations and restorations including public libraries, regional central libraries and the National Library of Korea.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.903-916
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• 2023

This study aims to establish basic data for efficient management of rural water by analyzing regional irrigation facilities and benefitted areas in the statistical yearbook of land and water development for agriculture at the watershed level. For 511 domestic rural water use areas, water storage facilities (reservoirs, pumping & drainage stations, intake weirs, infiltration galleries, and tube wells) are spatially distributed, and the benefitted areas provided at the city/county level are divided by water use area to provide agricultural water supply facilities. The characteristics of rural water district areas such as benefitted area, were analyzed by basin. The average area of Korea's 511 rural water districts is 19,638 ha. The average benefitted area by rural water district is 1,270 ha, with the Geum River basin at 2,220 ha and the Yeongsan River basin at 1,868 ha, which is larger than the overall average. The Han River basin at 807 ha, the Nakdong River basin at 1,121 ha, and the Seomjing River basin at 938 ha are smaller than the overall average. The results of this basic analysis are expected to be used to set the direction of various supply and demand management projects that take into account the rational and scientific use and distribution of rural water and the characteristics of water use areas by presenting a quantitative definition of Korea's agricultural water districts.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.203-209
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• 1983

The occurrence and regional distribution of low temperature and drought during rice cropping period in Korea were studied to characterize the climatic impacts. The long term changes in rice yield, air temperature and precipitation were analyzed, and regional distributions were characterized. The significant climatic impacts on rice yield were heavy rain or flood, drought and low temperature. Since 1910, the occurrence of drought was 29 times, that of flood was 24 times and that of low temperature was 9 times; however, the drought and flood damages were decreased due to expansion of irrigation system since 1970 but low temperature damage was remarkedly increased. The long term changes in air temperature since 1908 in Suweon showed that the 5-year moving average from July to August decreased while that from May to June increased. The occurrence probability of the long term and early term low temperature types were the greatest in Korea and were in order of Suweon, Daegu and Kwangiu. The long term changes in 10-year moving average precipitation from April to June showed a 15 year cycle and recent years were in low precipitation period. The drought frequencies were the highest in Daegu and Pohang area. According to the precipitation from April to June and resevtoir storage at late June, the severest dry area were the Youngnam inland and the southwest coastal area.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.192-205
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• 2004

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the factors, which have influence upon changes of hydrological environment in time series, and evaluate water balance changes caused by urbanization. The results of the analysis and evaluation are as follow: At first, the river runoff at Gwangju River Basin keep base flow of river by storage capacity recharged in June to September and show peak in August and minimum flow in May. The groundwater recharge by urbanization accounted for 46.1% of rainfall at early-urban stage, and decreased to 36.5% and 29.9% in the 1960's and the 1990's respectively, and is likely to decrease to 27.8% in the 2010's. On the other hand, the overland flow was 9.6% of rainfall in the 1960's and 16.2% in the 1990's, and is likely to increase to 18.3% in the 2010's. When such a phenomenon is kept continuously, distorted water balance shall be worsened to create not only frequent occurrence of urban flood but also decreased base flow of Gwangju River to accelerate dry stream phenomenon. The time series study on urban redevelopment and environment maintenance describes distorted phenomenon to supply the information for nature-friendly land use, and examines relations between human activities and natural environment.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.273-288
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• 2011

Recently, the rankings of Korean container ports in terms of container handling cargo volume were plunged down due to the emerging Chinese ports. The efficient container ports strategies which increase container port competitiveness were requested. In this respect, it is urgently required to draw out constituent factors for Port Logistics, weigh these factors, and finally focus on improving the suggested factors. The aim of this paper is to evaluate weight and priority values for 'inner consisted factors' and 'outer requested factors' of port logistics by using the AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) method. As for the analysis regarding the inner consisted factors, the results were shown as follows: a storage and handling system (0.288) as the first rank; an information system of port logistics (0.210) as the second rank; an inland intermodal system (0.189) as the third rank; a ship's entering and departuring system (0.184) as the fourth rank, and a ship's berthing system (0.129) as the fifth rank. In terms of analysis regarding outer requested factors, the results came out as follows: a logistics cost (0.360) as the first rank; a port service (0.128) as the second rank; a connectivity (0.118) as the third rank; a hinterland condition (0.116) as the fourth rank; an convenience (0.106) as the fifth rank; a regional center (0.095) as the sixth rank, and an availability (0.077) as the seventh rank. For analyzing the priorities changes in constituent factors, the comparison of results between the year 2007 and the year 2011 was done. As the results, among inner consisted factors, 'information system of port logistics' was ranked first in the year 2007 while 'a storage and handling system' became the most important factor in the year 2011. Among the inner consisted factors, however, the logistics cost was the important factor in 2007 and 2011, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.153-166
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• 2022

Waterstorage is one of the factorsthat most directly represent the amount of available water resources. Since the effects of drought can be more intuitively expressed, it is also used in variousstudies for drought evaluation. In a recent study, hydrological drought was evaluated through information on observing reservoirs with optical images. The short observation cycle and diversity of optical satellites provide a lot of data. However, there are some limitations because it is vulnerable to the influence of weather or the atmospheric environment. Therefore, thisstudy attempted to conduct a study on estimating the drought index using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image with relatively little influence from the observation environment. We produced the waterbody of Baekgok and Chopyeong reservoirs using SAR images of Sentinel-1 satellites and calculated the Reservoir Area Drought Index (RADI), a hydrological drought index. In order to validate the applicability of RADI to drought monitoring, it was compared with Reservoir Storage Drought Index (RSDI) based on measured storage. The two indices showed a very high correlation with the correlation coefficient, r=0.87, Area Under curve, AUC=0.97. These results show the possibility of regional-scale hydrological drought monitoring of SAR-based RADI. As the number of available SAR images increases in the future, it is expected that the utilization of drought monitoring will also increase.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.1047-1060
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• 2003

To investigate the effects of conjugated linoleic acid added diet feeding on CLA accumulation and quality characteristics of pork meat. The CLA used to add in diet was chemically synthesized by alkaline isomerization method with corn oil. Pigs were divided into 5 treatment groups(4 pigs/group) and subjected to one of five treatment diets(0, 1.25% CLA for 2 weeks, 2.5% CLA for 2 weeks, 1.25% CLA for 4 weeks and 2.5% CLA for 4 weeks, CLA diets; total fed diets) before slaughter. Pork loin were collected from the animals(110 kg body weight) slaughtering at the commercial slaughter house. Pork loin meat were aerobic packaged and then stored during 2, 5, 8, 11 and 14 days at 4$^{\circ}C$. Samples were analyzed for shear force value, texture, TBARS, fatty acid composition, cholesterol and CLA content. CLA treatment groups showed significantly(p〈0.05) higher shear force value compared to those of control group at 11, 14 days of cold storage. All treatments were decreased significantly as the storage period passed. There was a not significantly difference in texture between control and CLA treatment groups. All CLA treatment groups showed significantly(p〈0.05) lower TBARS value than the control. TBARS value was increased significantly during storage in all treatment. CLA treatment groups showed significantly(p〈0.05) lower cholesterol content compared to those of control group. As dietary CLA was increased in feed, the content of CLA was increased, but the control was almost not detected. The contents of CLA were not significantly changed during chilled storage for 14 days. In the change of fatty acid composition, the contents of oleic, linoleic and arachidonic were decreased by dietary CLA-supplementation, whereas the increase level of CLA-supplementation resulted in the higher palmitic and stearic acid. In all results, CLA could be accumulated in pork meat and its antioxidant capability has been indicated. It was suggested that dietary CLA-supplementation could be produced high quality pork.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.175-188
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• 2005

This study investigated the effects of silkworm droppings (SWD) added diet feeding on quality characteristics of pork loin meat Pigs were divided into 7 treatment groups (10 pigs/group) and subjected to one of seven treatment diets $(0,\;1\%,\;2\%\;and\; 3\%\;SWD\;for\;4 weeks,\;1\%\;2\%\;3\%$ SWD for 8 weeks, SWD diets; total fed diets) before slaughter. Pork loin were collected from the animals (110kg body weight) slaughtered at a commercial slaughterhouse. Pork loin meat were packaged aerobically and then stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for 2, 5, 8, or 12 days. Samples were analyzed for general composition, texture characteristics and physico-chemical properties. pH value was not significantly different between the control and SWD treatment groups. pH of control and SWD treatment groups were increased as the storage period passed General composition, cooking loss and texture was not significantly different between the control and SWD treatment groups. WHC of SWD treatment group was higher than that of control group. WHC of control and SWD treatment groups were significantly decreased as the storage period passed (p<0.05). Meat and fat color (CIE $L^{\ast}$, $a^{\ast}$, $b^{\ast}$) were no significant differences between the control and SWD treatment groups. $L^{\ast}$ and $b^{\ast}$ value of meat color were decreased as the storage period passed There was a not significantly difference in shear force value among control and SWD treatment groups. Shear force value was decreased significantly during storage in all treatment groups. In all results, dietary SWD-supplementation was not affected in general components, texture characteristics and physico-chemical properties. It is suggested that dietary SWD-supplementation could produce of high quality pork.

• Korean Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.75-81
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• 2022

Given that China's resource research, exploration and development and resource economy policies are closely related to Korea's industrial competitiveness in the field of global mineral energy resources, it is important to establish the domestic and overseas resource development strategies. In 2020, China will revise and set standards for mineral resources to ensure efficiency in exploration and development and storage management. China's Ministry of Natural Resources has established the National Mineral Resources Plan (2021-2025), aiming to achieve national goals and strategies, and local governments at all levels are also establishing and implementing regional mineral resources plans. As a result, the supervision and management of geological mineral exploration activities have been strengthened, and the safety of industrial production management in the field of geological mineral exploration and development has been strengthened. China has developed guidelines for high-quality geological exploration, surveying and mapping, improved the level of geological mineral exploration and strengthened the mining supervision and management system. According to China's standardization of mineral resources such as solid mineral resources and petroleum gas mineral resources, a new standard system for resource management will be established in China to improve scientific understanding, rational management and utilization.