• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.43 no.2
• /
• pp.149-162
• /
• 2010

The most serious problem in oil stockpiles with artificial underground cavern is maintaining the stability of ground water system. In order to understand the ground water system around K-1 site, we determined the regional flow direction and level distribution of groundwater, and investigated the major geologic factors influencing their flow system. Reactivated surface along the contact between granite and gneiss, and fractures and faults along the long acidic dyke may contribute as important pathways for groundwater flow. Within K-1 site, groundwater level fluctuation is closely related to the rainfall events and injection from surface or influx water. In this project, the effect of groundwater pumping from the southern wells was examined. Based on equations relating water level drawdown to pumping rate at those wells, their pumped outflow of groundwater ranged from $80\;m^3$/day to less than $250\;m^3$/day. The modeling results with MODFLOW imply that the previous groundwater pumping at distance of 1.2 km may not affect the groundwater level variations of the K-1 site. However, continuous pumping work at quantity over $250\;m^3$/day in this area will be able to affect the groundwater system of the K-1 site, particularly along the acidic dyke.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.59-67
• /
• 2004

This study was carried out to select proper species for early stage replantation in granite forest roads cut-slope. From one to fourteen year elapsed forest roads in eight regional areas of Gyeongsang-do and Jeolla-do, sample plots were selected, and their vegetations and environmental factors were investigated. Soil organic matter, total nitrogen, soil moisture content, and bulk density in the granite weathering soils were below 0.4%, 0.03%, 12.4%, and above 1.2g/$cm^3$, respectively. The result indicated that the soil was not good for plant growth. The environmental factors affecting distribution of species in the granite forest roads were the elapsed year, elevation, and cut-slope aspect. Invaded species with high frequency in the forest road cut-slope ordered Pinus densiflora, Lespedeza bicolor, Rubus crataegifolius, Alnus hirsuta, Youngia denticulata, Patrinia villosa, Artemisia princeps var. orientalis, Zanthoxylum schinifolium, and Dactylis glomerata. Herbs seeded in earth stage such as Dactylis glomerata, Eragrostis curvula, Festuca arundinacea, Lespedeza sp., and Amorpha fruticosa had changed into perennial herbs and shrubs such as Youngia denticulata, Patrinia villosa, Aster scaber, Patrinia scabiosaefolia, Melica onoei, Astilbe chinensis var. davidii, Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. latilobum, Pueraria thunbergiana, Stephanandra incisa, and Clematis apiifolia, and had changed into plants such as Artemisia princeps var. orientalis, Artemisia keiskeana, Miscanthus sinensis, Pinus densiflora, Rhododendron mucronulatum, Rubus crataegifolius, and Zanthoxylum schinifolium according to elapsed year of forest roads. Leguma such as Lespedeza sp., Pueraria thunbergiana, Amorpha fruticosa, etc., herbs such as Artemisia keiskeana, Artemisia princeps var. orientalis, Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. latilobum, Miscanthus sinensis, etc., and woody plants such as Pinus densiflora, Rubus crataegifolius, Rhododendron mucronulatum, etc., with foreign herbs were considered as proper species for replantation in granite forest road cut-slope.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.40 no.6 s.179
• /
• pp.469-483
• /
• 2007

Nitrate and chloride are the most common contaminants in groundwater and their concentrations increase easily due to fertilizer consumption and urbanization. The number of time series data for groundwater quality at a single site was not sufficient to analyze trends on Jeju Island. Therefore rectangle grids were drawn for the whole island and single grid was determined to be $500m{\times}500m$ after considering similar stream density, homogeneous hydraulic coefficients, geologic features of volcanic rock and low topographic slopes. All data within each lattice were collected and arranged in time series order and analyzed using Sen's method. 10.6 % of the total lattices for chloride and 22.4% for nitrate showed upward trends from the early 1990's to the early 2000's. Especially, upward trends for nitrate concentration are distinct in the low mid-mountainous areas of western and southern watersheds. Many septic tanks and much domestic waste from the urbanization of the low mid-mountainous area have produced this upward trend. Additionally, the agricultural region has dramatically increased since the 1990's and this has led to an increase of fertilizer consumption and, as a result, nitrate concentration. Therefore, the target of any management plan for groundwater quality on Jeiu Island needs to be focused on careful land use decisions in the mid-mountainous areas which are near Halla Mountain.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2007.05a
• /
• pp.1635-1639
• /
• 2007

국가적 차원에서 물을 사용하고 통제하는 일은 국민의 생활에 큰 영향을 미치기 때문에 지구상의 모든 나라들은 주어진 여건에 맞게 효율적으로 물을 사용하고 홍수와 가뭄으로부터 국민의 생명과 재산을 보호하기 위해 많은 일울 수행하고 있다. 이와 같이 수자원 관리를 위해서 가장 근본적으로 이루어져야 하는 것이 물이 언제, 어디에, 얼마나 있는지를 파악하여 물이 있는 곳과 물이 필요한 곳을 연계하여 최적으로 물을 공급하고 관리하는 것이 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 다중목적(이수, 치수, 수질) 적용 기법, 기존 관측소 활용 기법, NARI(Network Analysis for Regional Information) 기법, 지형적 최적 기법 등을 이용하여 하천의 최상류 지점에서 하구까지 모든 지점에 대한 신뢰성 있는 유량정보를 실시간으로 파악할 수 있는 유량측정망을 구축하는데 목적이 있다. 다중목적 적용 기법을 위하여, 수질목적으로는 오염총량제 대상지점을 활용 하였으며, 치수목적으로는 5대강 홍수통제소의 홍수예보 프로그램을 활용 하였고, 이수목적으로는 하천수 사용실태를 조사하여 이를 활용 하였다. 기존 관측소 활용 기법은 5대강 홍수통제소, 지자체, 농촌공사, 수자원공사, 환경부에서 운영하고 있는 수위관측소를 통합하여 중복투자에 따른 손실을 최소화 하고, 최적의 장소에 유량측정망을 구축하는 것이다. NARI 기법은 유량측정망 구축에 있어서 각 지점과의 연계성을 통하여 하천에 흐르는 물의 양을 신뢰성 있게 파악할 수 있도록 분석한 것으로서 하천 상 하류 간의 연계를 통하여 미지의 지점에 대한 유량 값의 유추가 가능하도록 하는 것이다. 지형적 최적 기법은 산간지방, 도시지역, 농촌지역, 산업지역, 상업지역 등과 같이 지형적 특성에 따른 유량측정망을 구축하는 것이다.의 의사결정 지원 도구가 될 것이다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 도시유역의 물순환 해석을 위한 일련의 과정, 즉 자료의 조사 및 취득에서부터 물순환 해석 모형을 이용한 정량적 현황파악, 물순환 개선 기법 및 평가를 수행함에 있어 주요 착안점 및 실무에서의 기술적 가이드를 제공하고자 하였으며, 보다 세밀한 도시유역의 물순환 해석을 위하여 우리나라와 일본에서 적용이 활발한 물리적 기반의 분포형 모형(WEP, SHER, SWMM)의 적용사례를 통하여 국내 도시하천의 물순환 해석에 활용함에 있어서의 실질적인 적용절차 등을 제시하고자 하였다. 한다.호강유역의 급격한 수질개선을 알 수 있다.世宗實錄) $\ulcorner$지리지$\lrcorner$(地理志)와 동년대에 동일한 목적으로 찬술되었음을 알 수 있다. $\ulcorner$경상도실록지리지$\lrcorner$(慶尙道實錄地理志)에는 $\ulcorner$세종실록$\lrcorner$(世宗實錄) $\ulcorner$지리지$\lrcorner$(地理志)와의 비교를 해보면 상 중 하품의 통합 9개소가 삭제되어 있고, $\ulcorner$동국여지승람$\lrcorner$(東國與地勝覽) 에서는 자기소와 도기소의 위치가 완전히 삭제되어 있다. 이러한 현상은 첫째, 15세기 중엽 경제적 태평과 함께 백자의 수요 생산이 증가하자 군신의 변별(辨別)과 사치를 이유로 강력하게 규제하여 백자의 확대와 발전에 걸림돌이 되었다. 둘째, 동기(銅器)의 대체품으로 자기를 만들어 충당해야할 강제성 당위성 상실로 인한 자기수요 감소를 초래하였을 것으로 사료된다. 셋째,

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.48 no.12
• /
• pp.981-993
• /
• 2015

The analysis of hydrologic time series data is crucial for the effective management of water resources. Therefore, it has been widely used for the long-term forecasting of hydrologic variables. In tradition, time series analysis has been used to predict a time series without considering exogenous variables. However, many studies using decomposition have been widely carried out with the assumption that one data series could be mixed with several frequent factors. In this study, the empirical mode decomposition method was performed for decomposing a hydrologic time series data into several components, and each component was applied to the time series models, autoregressive moving average (ARMA). After constructing the time series models, the forecasting values are added to compare the results with traditional time series model. Finally, the forecasted estimates from ARMA model with empirical mode decomposition method showed better performance than sole traditional ARMA model indicated from comparing the root mean square errors of the two methods.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.89-211
• /
• 1993

The Korean government embarked upon ambitious economic development plans in the 1960's the goals of development policy at that time were the elimination of absolute poverty and the alleviation of unemployment. With scant natural resources, the government had to push for industrialization based upon borrowed foreign raw materials with surplus local labor. Preoccupation with the economic goals of industrialization and export expansion left little room for considering environmental protection. It is evident that Korea's exported industrialization strategy of the past three decades has been a success in terms of income, production, and other macroeconomic indicators, but it cannot be denied that a host of undesirable side-effects have been created. These include environmental problems. congestion in several large cities, poor wealth distribution, and regional disparities. The environmental problems were recognized even in the early stage of development, but preoccupation with the pending economic goals of industrialization and export expansion left little room for considering environment protection. The perceived and actual seriousness of the problems, however, has reached such a level that further negligence may imperil political stability and developmental problems facing the world arise from a world economic order characterized by ever expanding consumption and production, which exhausts and contaminates natural resources and creates and perpetuates gross inequalities between and within nations. It will be necessary to develop new culture and ethical values, transform economic structures, and reorient, our lifestyles. Changing lifestyles can not be promoted by government policy initiative alone but through self=generated educational efforts and mutual training by people themselves. The citizens group for environment (NGOs) should assume these educational and training responsibilities starting from grass-root level of people. It must be reawakened to the reality that the environmental preservation for better quality of life is based on the development of human relationships, creativity, spirituality, reverance for the natural world and celebration of life, and is not dependent upon increased consumption of non-basic material goods. To carry on such environment education social movements and NGOs should (1) provides educational methodologies, which focus on values clarification and moving beyond clarification and moving beyond blame to constructive action. (2) provide training for leaders of business and industry, government, union and others on consumption and production. (3) initiate and support the training and work of environmental counselor who encourage responsible consumption. (4) cooperative with media to initiate and strengthen educational programs on the social environmental programs on the social environmental impacts of consumption and production and to build awareness of consumer responsibility and potential. Economic and social development can be compatible with environment protection : both can be achieved simultaneously. Effective environmental management depends on the various factors : political will, institutional arrangements, appropriate legislation, and availability of the requistite financial and technological resources, which is possible with a strong public awareness of the importance of environmental preservation.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.53 no.spc1
• /
• pp.755-764
• /
• 2020

In South Korea, 850 standard watersheds and 7,807 KRF catchment areas have been used as basic maps for water resources policy establishment, however it becomes necessary to set up new standard maps with a more appropriate scale for the integrated managements of surface water-groundwater as well as water quantity-quality in the era of integrated water management. Since groundwater has a slow flow velocity and also has 3-D flow properties compared to surface water, the sub-catchment size is more effective than the regional watershed for the evaluation of surface water-groundwater interaction. The KRF catchment area, which has averagely a smaller area than the standard watershed, is similar to the sub-catchment area that generally includes the first-order or second-order tributaries. Some KRF catchment areas, which are based on the surface reach, are too small or large in a wide plain or high mountain area. Therefore, it is necessary to revise the existing KRF area if being used as a unit area for integrated management of surface-water and groundwater. A unit watershed with a KRF area of about 5 to 15 ㎢ can be effective as a basic unit for water management of local government considering a tributary composition and the location of groundwater wells, and as well it can be used as a basic tool for water demand-supply evaluation, hydrological observation system establishment, judgment of groundwater permission through a total quantity management system, pollution assessment, and prioritizing water policy, and etc.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.119-132
• /
• 2012

Recently, forest soil sediment disasters resulting from locally concentrated heavy rainfall have been occurring frequently in steep slope areas. The importance of landslide hazard map is emerging to analyze landslide vulnerable areas. This study was carried out to develop HyGIS-Landslide based on Hydro Geographic Information System in order to analyze forest soil sediment disaster in the mountainous river basin. HyGIS-Landslide is one of HyGIS components designed by considering the landslide hazard criteria of Korea Forest Service. It could show the distribution of landslide hazard areas after calculating the spatial data. In this system, the user could reset the weight of hazard criteria to reflect the regional characteristics of the landslide area. This component provided user interface that could make the latest spatial data available in the area of interest. HyGIS-Landslide could be applied to the surveyor's compensation score and it was possible to reflect the landslide risk exactly through it. Also, it could be used in topographic analysis techniques providing spatial analysis and making topographical parameters in HyGIS. Finally the accuracy could be acquired by calculating the landslide hazard grade map and landslide mapping data. This study applied HyGIS-Landslide at the Gangwon-do province sample site. As a result, HyGIS-Landslide could be applied to a decision support system searching for mountainous disaster risk region; it could be classified more effectively by re-weighting the landslide hazard criteria.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.79-92
• /
• 2015

This study was conducted during two separate periods, from April to December 2008 and from April to November 2013, to identify the folk plants growing in Jeollanam-do which are used daily. A total of 1,200 questionnaires were distributed to 120 residents living in 14 counties and cities. From the results of the survey, 172 taxa of folk plants (77 families, 153 genera, 154 species, 2 subspecies, 14 varieties, and 2 forma) were identified. By regions, the city of Suncheon yielded 82 taxa, followed by 67 taxa from Gurye county, 65 taxa from Hampyeong county, 64 taxa from Jangseong county, 62 taxa from city of Naju, and 61 taxa from Jangheung county. Uses of the identified folk plants were: as edibles (117 taxa), for medicinal purposes (66 taxa), tea (15 taxa), for starch (6 taxa) for vegetable fat and oil (3 taxa), for nectar (2 taxa), for sap (2 taxa), for spice (2 taxa), for aroma (1 taxa), for fiber (1 taxa), and others (14 taxa). Thus, edible and medicinal uses of the plants appeared higher than other uses. The consistency of the local names of plants with the standard botanical nomenclature was 23.2% (40 taxa), while the proportion of local plant names analogous to the standard names was 18.6% (32 taxa). The consistency of the local plant names with the same plants in different cities and counties was 28.5% (49 taxa) and the proportion of local plant names analogous to each other in this category was 25.6% (44 taxa). Therefore, 54% of the folk plants growing in Jeollanam-do are known by location specific names. The usage types of the local folk plants were mostly collected through verbal communications.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.39 no.2 s.163
• /
• pp.151-160
• /
• 2006

In this study, threshold runoff which is a hydrologic component of flash flood guidance(FFG) is estimated by using Manning's bankfull flow and Geomorphoclimatic Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph(GcIUH) methods on Han River watershed. Geographic Information System(GIS) and 3' Digital Elevation Model database have been used to prepare the basin parameters of a very fine drainage area($1.02\~56.41km^2$), stream length and stream slope for threshold runoff computation. Also, cross-sectional data of basin and stream channel are collected for a statistical analysis of regional regression relationships and then those are used to estimate the stream parameters. The estimated threshold runoff values are ranged from 2 mm/h to 14 mm/6hr on Han River headwater basin with the 1-hour duration values are$97\%$ up to 8mm and the 6-hour values are $98\%$ up to 14mm. The sensitivity analysis shows that threshold runoff is more variative to the stream channel cross-sectional factors such as a stream slope, top width and friction slope than the drainage area. In comparisons between the computed threshold runoffs on this study area and the three other regions in the United States, the computed results on Han River watershed are reasonable.