• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.203-215
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• 2008

Film-induced tourism in Gyeongbuk and Korea is concentrated on the on-location set, one-off events and film tourism as part of a holiday(visiting film locations or studios as an activity within a larger holiday) among several forms of film-induced tourism. Film-induced tourism in Gyeongbuk has been increased since the opening of the KBS on-location set of Mungyeong. The on-location set has brought the growth of film-induced tourism and thus many local governments have competed with one another for the construction of the on-location set without considering the management of the on-location set. This study is aimed at suggesting ways to minimize these negative problems and to boost film-induced tourism. First of all, we should find ways to sustain each characteristic of the on-location set. Second, we should develop the new tourism destinations by diversifying the forms of film-induced tourism through the opening of the film-related events and the construction of the film-related facilities. Last, film-induced tourism should be enlarged to contents tourism. It needs to enlarge the role of the Gyeongbuk Film Commission. The Gyeongbuk Film Commission should take exclusive responsibility of developing the film-related tourism commodities.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.518-528
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• 2013

Scutellaria baicalensis, belonging to the family Labiatae, is widely distributed in Korea, China, Mongolia, and eastern Siberia. It has been used in traditional medicine for various diseases, such as dysentery, pyrexia, jaundice, and carbuncles. In addition, S. baicalensis is reported to possess various beneficial pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antiviral, antihypertension, antioxidant, and anticancer effects. However, the molecular mechanisms of its anticancer activity have not been clearly elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the proapoptotic effects of ethanol extract of S. baicalensis (EESB) on human renal cell carcinoma Caki-1 cells. The anti-proliferative activity of EESB was associated with apoptosis induction, which was associated with the up-regulation of death receptor 4, the Fas ligand, and Bax and the down-regulation of Bid, XIAP, and cIAP-1 proteins. EESB treatment also induced mitochondrial dysfunction, proteolytic activation of caspase-3, -8, and -9 and degradation of caspase-3 substrate proteins, such as poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, ${\beta}$-catenin, and phospholipase C-${\gamma}1$. However, pretreatment of a pan-caspase inhibitor, z-VAD-fmk, significantly attenuated the EESB-induced apoptosis. Taken together, these findings suggest that EESB may be a potential chemotherapeutic agent. Further studies will be needed to identify the active compounds that confer the anticancer activity of S. baicalensis.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.10
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• pp.1252-1259
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• 2013

To investigate the effects of a fibrinolytic enzyme, BK-17, on the growth of human cancer cells, we performed various biochemical experiments, including cell proliferation and viability, and investigated subsequent morphological changes and apoptosis induction. BK-17 treatment of AGS human gastric and T24 human bladder carcinoma cells decreased the viability and the proliferation of the cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Microscopic studies indicated that the antiproliferative effects of the BK-17 treatment were associated with morphological changes, such as membrane shrinking, cell rounding up, and the formation of apoptotic bodies, indicating that BK-17 induced apoptosis in the cell lines. Of note, RT-PCR and Western blotting data indicated that the BK-17 treatment induced the down-regulation of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 members, Bcl-2 and $Bcl-X_L$, and the up-regulation of proapoptotic Bax members, Bax and Bad, in the AGS cells. BK-17-induced apoptosis of AGS cells was involved in the proteolytic activation of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9. Taken together, these findings suggest that BK-17 is associated with the induction of apoptotic cell death.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.622-628
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• 2013

Diallyl trisulfide (DATS), one of the major organosulfur components of garlic (Allium sativum), has various biological effects such as anti-microbial and anti-cancer activities. However, the molecular mechanisms of growth inhibition related to cell cycle arrest are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of DATS on cell cycle progression in U937 human leukemia cells. Treatment with DATS in U937 cells resulted in inhibition of cell viability through G2/M arrest and apoptosis. DATS-induced G2/M arrest was associated with up-regulation of cyclin B1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1). DATS also significantly increased levels of phospho-histone H3, which is a mitosis-specific marker, indicating that DATS induced mitotic arrest but not G2 arrest in U937 cells. DATS treatment also generated the reactive oxygen species (ROS) in U937 cells; however, pretreatment with N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), a ROS scavenger, significantly attenuated DATS-induced mitotic arrest and apoptosis. Taken together, our data indicate that DATS exhibits anti-cancer effects through mitotic arrest and apoptosis in a ROS-dependent manner.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.89-211
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• 1993

The Korean government embarked upon ambitious economic development plans in the 1960's the goals of development policy at that time were the elimination of absolute poverty and the alleviation of unemployment. With scant natural resources, the government had to push for industrialization based upon borrowed foreign raw materials with surplus local labor. Preoccupation with the economic goals of industrialization and export expansion left little room for considering environmental protection. It is evident that Korea's exported industrialization strategy of the past three decades has been a success in terms of income, production, and other macroeconomic indicators, but it cannot be denied that a host of undesirable side-effects have been created. These include environmental problems. congestion in several large cities, poor wealth distribution, and regional disparities. The environmental problems were recognized even in the early stage of development, but preoccupation with the pending economic goals of industrialization and export expansion left little room for considering environment protection. The perceived and actual seriousness of the problems, however, has reached such a level that further negligence may imperil political stability and developmental problems facing the world arise from a world economic order characterized by ever expanding consumption and production, which exhausts and contaminates natural resources and creates and perpetuates gross inequalities between and within nations. It will be necessary to develop new culture and ethical values, transform economic structures, and reorient, our lifestyles. Changing lifestyles can not be promoted by government policy initiative alone but through self=generated educational efforts and mutual training by people themselves. The citizens group for environment (NGOs) should assume these educational and training responsibilities starting from grass-root level of people. It must be reawakened to the reality that the environmental preservation for better quality of life is based on the development of human relationships, creativity, spirituality, reverance for the natural world and celebration of life, and is not dependent upon increased consumption of non-basic material goods. To carry on such environment education social movements and NGOs should (1) provides educational methodologies, which focus on values clarification and moving beyond clarification and moving beyond blame to constructive action. (2) provide training for leaders of business and industry, government, union and others on consumption and production. (3) initiate and support the training and work of environmental counselor who encourage responsible consumption. (4) cooperative with media to initiate and strengthen educational programs on the social environmental programs on the social environmental impacts of consumption and production and to build awareness of consumer responsibility and potential. Economic and social development can be compatible with environment protection : both can be achieved simultaneously. Effective environmental management depends on the various factors : political will, institutional arrangements, appropriate legislation, and availability of the requistite financial and technological resources, which is possible with a strong public awareness of the importance of environmental preservation.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.337-342
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• 2006

A total of 120 pigs (Berkshire) were used to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with artificial culture medium of wild ginseng (CWG) on the physico-chemical characteristics of pork About $60{\pm}3kg$ pigs were randomly assigned to 4 pens based on sex and diet (C: commercial diet feed or T: commercial diet+1 L CWG per day for 70 days). Pigs were slaughtered at approximately 110 kg live weight, and proximate composition and physico-chemical characteristics were measured in pork loin. The moisture content, hardness and chewiness of pork were higher in gilt fed CWG than in gilt fed the control diet, but the water-holding capacity of pork and $L^*$ values of fat color were lower. The shear force and $a^*$ values of pork were higher in barrow fed CWG than in harrow fed the control diet. The crude fat content, hardness, cohesiveness, chewiness of pork and $a^*\;and\;b^*$ values of fat color were lower in barrow than in gilt, but the pH was higher. These results imply that the proximate composition and physico-chemical characteristics of pork could be affected by dietary supplementation with CWG and the sex of the pig, while the texture properties and at values of pork may be improved with dietary CWG.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.343-348
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• 2006

The effect of Pleurotus eryngii and meat particle size on properties of sausage quality was investigated. Pleurotus eryngii and meat were processed and combined in the following three ways: T1 (minced Pleurotus eryngii+emulsified meat), T2 (chopped Pleurotus eryngii+emulsified meat) and T3 (chopped Pleurotus eryngii+chopped meat). The pH values of sausages showed T1 to be significantly higher (p<0.05) than T2 and T3. The shear force values showed no significant difference between treatments. T2 and T3 had significantly higher hardness values (p<0.05) than T1. With regard to color, the lightness and whiteness of sausage were significantly higher (p<0.05) for T1 and T2 than for T3. No significant differences between treatments were found regarding redness and yellowness. Panels rated T2 and T3 significantly higher (p<0.05) for aroma and flavor than T1. T2 was rated significantly juicier (p<0.05) than T1, T2 and T3 were rated significantly higher (p<0.05) for overall acceptability than T1.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.349-355
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• 2006

A total of 120 pigs (Berkshire) were used to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with artificial culture medium ot wild ginseng (CMWG) on the fatty acid composition, amino acid composition and sensory characteristics or pork About $60{\pm}3kg$ pigs were randomly assigned to one of four experimental diet groups[(both sexes)${\times}$(C: commercial diet feed; T: commercial diet+1 L CMWG per day for 70 days)]. Pigs were slaughtered at approximately 110 kg live weight, and fatty acid composition, amino acid composition and sensory characteristics were measured in pork loin. The monounsaturated and saturated fatty acid contents was greater in barrow fed a diet containing CMWG than those of the gilt pork and control groups, however the polyunsaturated fatty acid composition decreased. The EAA (essential amino acid) content was lower in pigs fed diets containing CMWG than that of the control groups, whereas the SAA (amino acid with sulfide) and FRAA (fragrant amino acid) contents were higher. The EAA and FAA (amino acid in relation to flavor) contents were lower for harrow than for gilt, however the SAAA (amino acid in relation to saccarinity), SAA and FRAA the contents were higher. Regarding the sensory evaluation of fresh meat, the color of gilt pork increased with diets containing CMWG relative to the control group. Drip loss and the marbling score for pigs fed with diets containing CMWG were higher in barrow than in gilt. The flavor and overall acceptability of cooked meat from the control group was higher for barrow than for silt.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.53 no.spc1
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• pp.755-764
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• 2020

In South Korea, 850 standard watersheds and 7,807 KRF catchment areas have been used as basic maps for water resources policy establishment, however it becomes necessary to set up new standard maps with a more appropriate scale for the integrated managements of surface water-groundwater as well as water quantity-quality in the era of integrated water management. Since groundwater has a slow flow velocity and also has 3-D flow properties compared to surface water, the sub-catchment size is more effective than the regional watershed for the evaluation of surface water-groundwater interaction. The KRF catchment area, which has averagely a smaller area than the standard watershed, is similar to the sub-catchment area that generally includes the first-order or second-order tributaries. Some KRF catchment areas, which are based on the surface reach, are too small or large in a wide plain or high mountain area. Therefore, it is necessary to revise the existing KRF area if being used as a unit area for integrated management of surface-water and groundwater. A unit watershed with a KRF area of about 5 to 15 ㎢ can be effective as a basic unit for water management of local government considering a tributary composition and the location of groundwater wells, and as well it can be used as a basic tool for water demand-supply evaluation, hydrological observation system establishment, judgment of groundwater permission through a total quantity management system, pollution assessment, and prioritizing water policy, and etc.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.753-761
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• 2005

In this study, pretreatment of organic matters with $MIEX^{(R)}$ was evaluated using bench-scale experimental procedures on four organic matters to determine its effect on subsequent UF membrane filtration. For comparison, coagulation process was also used as a pretreatment of UF membrane filtration. Moreover, the membrane fouling potential was identified using different fractions and molecular weights of organic matters. From the removal property of MW organic matters by coagulation process for the sample water NOM and AOM, the removal efficiency of high MW organic matters were much higher than those of low MW organic matters. It was shown that the removal efficiency of high MW organic matter more than 10 kDa was lower than that of low MW organic matter for $MIEX^{(R)}$ process. For the change of permeate flux by the pretreatment process, $MIEX^{(R)}$+UF process showed high removal efficiency of organic matter as compared with coagulation-UF processes, but high reduction rate of permeate flux was presented through the reduction of removal efficiency of high MW organic matter. From sequential filtration test results in order to examine the effect of MW of organic matter on membrane fouling, it was found that the membrane foulant was occurred by high MW organic matter, and the DOC of organic matter less than 0.5 mg/L was working as the membrane foulant. In the case of sample water composed of low MW organic matter less than 10 kDa, since the low MW organic matter less than 10 kDa has high removal efficiency by $MIEX^{(R)}$, low reduction rate of permeate flux is obtained as compared with coagulation-UF processes. In summary, it is required to conduct the research on physical/chemical characteristic of original water before pretreatment process of membrane process is selected, and a pertinent pre-treatment process should be employed based on the physical/chemical characteristic of original water.