• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.173-185
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• 2014

Climate change has caused detrimental phenomena such as heavy rainfall which could aggravate soil erosion. Accordingly, it is needed to evaluate the groundwater recharge, baseflow, and soil erosion for the efficient management of water resources and quality. In this study, future climate change scenarios were applied to the H aean-myeon watershed which is a steep sloping watershed in South Korea to analyze groundwater recharge, baseflow, sediment. Also, the variation of groundwater recharge, baseflow, sediment was analyzed according to the change of slope (5 %). Simulated periods were divided into three terms (2013 ~ 2040 years, 2041 ~ 2070 years, 2071 ~ 2100 years). As a result of this study, average groundwater recharge and baseflow increased by 50 %, 42 %, and sediment decreased by 72 %, respectively. In these regards, the suggested method will positively contribute to hydro-ecosystem and reduction of muddy water at a steep sloping watershed.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.538-552
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• 2017

In this study, total mercury (THg) of Black-tailed Gull (Larus crassirostris) eggs laid on Baengnyeongdo, West Sea of Korea was analyzed in order to compare the THg concentrations of eggs depending on egg-laying order. The first-laid eggs ($mean{\pm}standard$ error, $234.4{\pm}11.2ng/g\;wet$, n=18, t=8.4, p<0.01) significantly had higher THg concentrations than the second-laid eggs ($182.8{\pm}9.1ng/g\;wet$, n=18). Also, the first-laid eggs had higher values in biometrics (length $63.10{\pm}0.49mm$, t=2.4, p<0.05; width $44.51{\pm}0.19mm$, t=4.3, p<0.01; weight $65.53{\pm}0.87g$, t=4.2, p<0.01) than the second-laid eggs (length $62.37{\pm}0.40mm$, width $43.55{\pm}0.17mm$, and weight $62.48{\pm}0.72g$). These differences might be attributed to the amount of food eaten by females relating to males' courtship feeding pattern (males increase courtship feeding rate before the first eggs are laid, and decrease the rate following the laying of the first eggs). Moreover, the lower food intake of females could diminish the quantities of egg albumen that contains a protein binds to most of methylmercury during the period of egg production. Therefore, it is necessary to consistently apply one of egg selection methods (targeted selection (the first-laid egg or the second-laid egg), random selection, and etc.) in one nest for ensuring comparability of mercury concentrations among monitoring sites and monitoring years.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.287-299
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• 2015

If the Nakdong River estuary is to be sustainable, land use management practices need to consider bird habitat requirements, especially given that the area serves as an important migratory bird sanctuary. In this study, bird habitats found in the Nakdong River estuary were classified into 11 different types including Phragmites australiss, mud flat, farmland, open surface in freshwater, sand bar, riparian forest, Scirpus planiculmis, waterway, construction, grasslands, and open surface in sea or brackish water. Taking into consideration the regional characteristics, habitat properties, and landscape indices, a total of 12 study sites were analyzed. Mud flat, construction, farmland, and P. australis account for 80% of the total land area. The high area ratio of construction and farmland to other types of habitat revealed a high amount of historical human activity and intervention in the area. Both patch numbers as well as patch density were high in West Nakdong River, Samrak Waterfront, Maekdo River, and Daejeo Floodgate, with these areas showing the greatest fragmentation as well. Total numbers of species and individuals had a positive correlation with the area and the number of habitat types. Findings suggest that protecting the habitat area, especially in S. planiculmis, is the most important factor for bird habitat management and that future development could result in habitat loss, having a profoundly adverse impact on bird populations. Therefore, it is important that the total area should be carefully protected by land use regulations in order to ensure that the Nakdong River estuary maintains its functional integrity as a migratory bird sanctuary.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.33 no.6_2
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• pp.1047-1060
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• 2017

In recent years, global warming has been continuing and abnormal weather phenomena are occurring frequently. Especially in the 21st century, the intensity and frequency of hydrological disasters are increasing due to the regional trend of water. Since the damage caused by disasters in urban areas is likely to be extreme, it is necessary to prepare a landslide susceptibility maps to predict and prepare the future damage. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the landslide vulnerability using the logistic model and assessed the management plan after the landslide through the field survey. The landslide area was extracted from aerial photographs and interpretation of the field survey data at the time of the landslides by local government. Landslide-related factors were extracted topographical maps generated from aerial photographs and forest map. Logistic regression (LR) model has been used to identify areas where landslides are likely to occur in geographic information systems (GIS). A landslide susceptibility map was constructed by applying a LR model to a spatial database constructed through a total of 13 factors affecting landslides. The validation accuracy of 77.79% was derived by using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the logistic model. In addition, a field investigation was performed to validate how landslides were managed after the landslide. The results of this study can provide a scientific basis for urban governments for policy recommendations on urban landslide management.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.131-138
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• 2016

Recently, the cultivated area is reduced, the ratio of upland-field in the total cultivated area is increasing relative appeared in 36.2% in 1990 from 43.7% in 2013. If upland-field can be applied well designed-infrastructure, good income crop production is possible, however, maintenance of infrastructure and a significant portion of the upland-field is maintained under insufficient infrastructure. While imports of agricultural products expanded since the 2000s in progress, looking at the self-sufficiency of upland-field crops, it is reduced to from 90% to 42% for the pepper, it is from 90% to 74% for the garlic, cereals is reduced from 42% by 26%. As a result of these conditions, the competitiveness of farmers has weakened, the risk to meet the challenges of this area of production and supply reduction increased. This study was the first to conduct a basic evaluation index, data analysis and evaluation of indicators to diagnose the agricultural production capacity of the upland field. 12 kinds classified index of producing conditions from the natural environment and eight factors for the cultivation and production capabilities have developed for the assessment of productivity of upland-field (especially Kimchi cabbage). Through this regional imbalance was found, based on the production capabilities conditions are good in Haenam, Gangneung, Pyeongchang. 3 Regions have been low and the lowest Youngwol to 0.8992. Climate(Cultivation conditions) indicators of Mungyeong region is the highest, relatively low areas were in Taebaek. In particular, it is determined to be preferred that the area required for the enhancing the production environment based on providing the convenience for the producing and maintenance of the first production area. It is necessary Increasing part of mechanization, agro-industrial competitiveness through aggressive management plans for facilities as required in the process of post-harvest storage, processing, distribution line can be improved.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.181-194
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• 2017

While over 90 percent of fishways are made up with concrete material, nature-like fishways are started to be established as a form of small stream using natural materials. Recently, the central government in collaboration with a university has proposed a 'Standard Model of Nature-like Fishway' with a purpose to provide as a national design standard of nature-like fishway. This study aims to criticize the proposed design model of nature-like fishway and to propose improvements by examining other international cases. As a result, we found problems and limitations of the proposed design model due to the lack of research and experience about making nature-like fishway in Korea. Especially, for designing bypass nature-like fishway we found the lack of studies about structure management strategies, establishment of rocks or pebbles inside the stream, and natural materials. In this sense, more studies about nature-like fishway design adaptable to our environment need to be conducted. In addition, since the proposed design standard for nature-like fishway has been created based on the limited examination of existing domestic cases, it is desirable to improve the design standard on the basis of hydrological and biological research so that they could be adapted effectively to regional and local contexts.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.291-303
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• 2013

After establishing national greenhouse gas emission reduction goals, the South Korean government has been pursuing sector- and industry-specific greenhouse gas emission reduction measures; in support of which, metropolitan city / state governing entities, such as Gyeonggi Province, etc., have been in lock steps by establishing and executing climate change measures that are appropriate for the regional characteristics. However, in the case of local governments, difficulties abound due to the fact that the per-unit greenhouse gas emission amounts and the future emission estimates for establishing reduction targets are not clear. In order to establish correct climate change measure policies, the policy directions and the assessment of verified greenhouse gas emission amounts would need to serve as the basis, and along with the national level climate change effect and vulnerability assessment, there's a need to develop methodologies that take into consideration the local characteristics and conditions. To this end, this study calculated the greenhouse gas emission amounts of the City of Siheung, a basic local government in Gyeonggi Province, by using the GEBT (Greenhouse gas Emission Business-as-usual Tool) developed by the National Institute of Environmental Research to facilitate easy calculations of BAU (business-as-usual) emission quantities by local governing entities.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.5601-5609
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• 2012

The fine particulate matter($PM_{10}$) concentrations and contents were measured to check the health and environment influential factors in Pohang Iron and Steel Industrial Complex and its vicinities. In addition, the $PM_{10}$ distribution for each year and season was surveyed using the regional air quality monitoring stations. The measuring on the $PM_{10}$ inside the industrial complex showed $61.3{\pm}12.1{\mu}g/m^3$ for average concentration of $PM_{10}$ which was measured by Dongil Industry and $44.3{\pm}8.1{\mu}g/m^3$ measured by steel manufacturing industry complex management office. Both of them satisfied the environmental air quality standard. The percentage of $SO_4{^2}$, $NO_3{^-}$, $NH_4{^+}$ which are the secondary ions created out of the $PM_{10}$ in Dongil Industry and steel manufacturing industry complex management office was checked and it was revealed that the percentage of ${SO_4}^{2-}$ was high and it is considered that the pollution source related with the sulfides exist at the industrial complex. They were in order of ${SO_4}^{2-}$ > $Cl^-$ > $NO_3{^-}$ > $F^-$ > $NH_4{^+}$ in Dongil Industry and ${SO_4}^{2-}$ > $Cl^-$ > $NO_3{^-}$ > $NH_4{^+}$ > $F^-$ in steel manufacturing industry complex management office.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.51-69
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• 2012

This work aims to propose a vulnerability assessment methodology of ecosystem at present time, and an to suggest an adaptation strategy of ecosystem in the future for local government, in the fields of plant, animal and conservation area, which would occurred due to climate change. Vulnerability assessment in ecosystem includes first, tree growth and distribution part, mainly for conifers, secondly, insect part for pest and bee, and thirdly conservation area management part, especially at the national parks. To evaluate the degree of vulnerability of each substitute variables, such as exposure of climatic element, sensitivity, and adaptation ability, are respectively selected. Vulnerabilities of conifer growth and distribution, pest and bee, and national park management seem to be strongly influenced by the exposure of climatic element than other factors, such as sensitivity and adaptation ability. With time regional gaps of ecosystem vulnerability are expected to be greater in both conifers growth and distribution, and national park management, but reduced in pest and bee in 2100 in comparison with present time.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.271-296
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• 2021

Since the thermal stratification in a reservoir inhibits the vertical mixing of the upper and lower layers and causes the formation of a hypoxia layer and the enhancement of nutrients release from the sediment, changes in the stratification structure of the reservoir according to future climate change are very important in terms of water quality and aquatic ecology management. This study was aimed to develop a data-driven inflow water temperature prediction model for Daecheong Reservoir (DR), and to predict future inflow water temperature and the stratification structure of DR considering future climate scenarios of Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP). The random forest (RF)regression model (NSE 0.97, RMSE 1.86℃, MAPE 9.45%) developed to predict the inflow temperature of DR adequately reproduced the statistics and variability of the observed water temperature. Future meteorological data for each RCP scenario predicted by the regional climate model (HadGEM3-RA) was input into RF model to predict the inflow water temperature, and a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model (AEM3D) was used to predict the change in the future (2018~2037, 2038~2057, 2058~2077, 2078~2097) stratification structure of DR due to climate change. As a result, the rates of increase in air temperature and inflow water temperature was 0.14~0.48℃/10year and 0.21~0.41℃/10year,respectively. As a result of seasonal analysis, in all scenarios except spring and winter in the RCP 2.6, the increase in inflow water temperature was statistically significant, and the increase rate was higher as the carbon reduction effort was weaker. The increase rate of the surface water temperature of the reservoir was in the range of 0.04~0.38℃/10year, and the stratification period was gradually increased in all scenarios. In particular, when the RCP 8.5 scenario is applied, the number of stratification days is expected to increase by about 24 days. These results were consistent with the results of previous studies that climate change strengthens the stratification intensity of lakes and reservoirs and prolonged the stratification period, and suggested that prolonged water temperature stratification could cause changes in the aquatic ecosystem, such as spatial expansion of the low-oxygen layer, an increase in sediment nutrient release, and changed in the dominant species of algae in the water body.