• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.81-86
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• 2006

Background: Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a painful and disabling disease, yet the diagnosis of this can be difficult to confirm by purely objective measures. Therefore, we performed three-phasic bone scans and thermography as a work up in order to determine their predictive value and usefulness for making the diagnosis of CRPS. Methods: 44 patients who had been diagnosed with CRPS type-1, according to the modified criteria, were evaluated. All the patients were examined by performing a three-phasic bone scan and thermography as part of a work-up for diagnostic confirmation. The diffuse increased tracer uptake in the delayed image (phase III) was estimated by the positive findings. The findings were considered positive for CRPS if the thermographic findings showed temperature asymmetries between the affected and non- affected extremities of more than $1.00^{\circ}C$ Results: A review of the three-phasic bone scan for 44 patients indicated that 16 patients (36.4%) had diffusely positive scans, and thermographic abnormalities were noted in 35 of 44 patients (79.5%). Conclusions: The use of thermography in clinical settings can play an important role in the diagnosis of CRPS. However, a three-phasic bone scan alone cannot provide a completely accurate diagnosis, so it is imperative that the three-phasic bone scan data be integrated with the clinical evaluation and the other relevant tests.

• 암석학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.169-179
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• 2005

계명산층 내의 충주 철광상 부근에서 산출되는 산성 변성화산암들은 매우 높은 희토류 원소 및 고장력 원소 농도를 갖는다. 비교적 높은 ${\epsilon}_{Nd}$(0) 값과 결여된 Nb(-) 이상치는 이들의 형성에 지각물질에 의한 혼염이 수반되지 않았음을 시사한다. 또한 지구조 판별도에서 판내부 환경에 도시된다. 이러한 지구화학적 특징들은 750Ma의 연대를 보이는 문주리층의 산성변성화산암과 매우 비슷하다. 이들은 Al-형(Eby, 1992)에 분류되는 마그마의 지구화학적 특징을 나타내며, 대륙의 분열과 관련된 열곡환경에서 맨틀기원의 마그마가 분화되어 생성되었음을 지시한다. 약 330Ma의 연대를 보이는 충주 철광상 부근의 알칼리 화강암 및 희유금속광상과는 달리 동일지역에서 산출되는 산성 변성화산암들의 Sm-Nd 동위원소 자료는 명확한 동시선을 형성하지 않는다. 또한 낮은 ${\epsilon}_{Nd}$(0) 값을 갖는 알칼리 화강암과는 달리 산성 변성화산암과 희유금속광상은 비교적 높은 ${\epsilon}_{Nd}$(0) 값을 갖는다. 이러한 차이에 근거하여 다음과 같은 생성가설을 제시한다: 계명산층 내의 충주 철광상 부근에 분포하는 산성 변성화산암은 계명산층의 다른 지역과 문주리층 내의 산성 변성화산암들과 마찬가지로 신원생대인 750Ma에 생성되었다. 약 330Ma 경에 기존 Al-형 화성암과 일부 오래된 지각물질의 용융으로 알칼리 화강암이 생성되었다. 이와 동시에 열수작용으로 인한 산성 화산암 내의 물질 재배치로 희유금속광상이 형성되었으며, 뒤이은 약 280Ma경의 광역변성작용시 산성 변성화산암의 Nd-Sm 동위원소계가 교란되었다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.390-403
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• 1988

The objectives of the study were to provide the basic informations needed in the development of balanced medical services throughout the nation. As the national health care system was expanding rapidly along with the economic growth, quantitative re-evaluation of the system is of great need. For that reason, characteristics of the admitted patients were analyzed for the case-mix and patients' flow within and through regions. Materials were 421,530 cases of inpatients, who were reported through Korea Medical Insurance Corporation(KMIC) for insurance claim, during the period of March 1, 1985 through February 28, 1987. Korean Diagnosis Related Groups(K-DRGs) classification system was adopted for the study of case-mix and 189 cities and counties were classified into 5 district groups by factor analysis results of K-DRGS. The major findings of this study were as follows ; 1) Factor analysis of case-mix, employing K-DRG system, revealed 5 distinct funtional district groups. Group A(18 districts) was prominent for tertiary medical care. In group B(36 districts), rather simple procedures were prevalent. Group C(26 districts) was distinctive for the medical care of well organized internal medicine practices with qualified clinical laboratories. Group D(17 districts) was characterized by relatively high balanced medical care. Group E (92 districts) was with very low level of medical care. 2) Analysis of the case-flow through the districts showed 3 types of flow patterns : inflow, outflow, and balanced types. Inflow type of case-flow was found in Group A, C and D while Group B and E showed outflow type. Inflow was most prominent in Group A and Group E was of typical outflow type. Group B was consistently the outflow type except for Major Diagnostic Category XX regardless of the disease treaters, but Group C and D were inflow or outflow types according to the disease tracers.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.4769-4774
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• 2013

This paper is the first to present the incidence and overall survival of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) from the extreme northern part of the Philippines. We retrospectively retrieved the records of patients with histologically-confirmed squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx and larynx at the Mariano Marcos Memorial Hospital and Medical Center, Ilocos Norte, Philippines, from 2003 to 2012 and analysed prognostic factors associated with survival. Of the 150 cases, only 80 (53.3%) were still living when the study was terminated. Median age at initial diagnosis was 61.5 years and the male to female ratio was 7:3. The majority of the cases had tumours in the oral cavity (50.7%), followed by the larynx (36.7%). Sex (log rank=1.94, p value/${\alpha}$=0.16), tumor site (log rank=0.02, p value/${\alpha}$=0.90), tumor grade (log rank=1.74, p value/${\alpha}$=0.42), and node stage (log rank=0.07, p value/${\alpha}$=0.80) were not shown to be associated with the survival of our cases. Only 45 (30.0%) had no regional lymph node involvement (N0) at presentation and 12 (8.0%) had already developed distant metastases. Among the 150 patients, 71 (47.3%) were not able to receive treatment of any kind. Oddly, treatment (log rank=1.65, p value/${\alpha}$=0.20) was also shown to be not associated with survival. The survival rate of those who underwent surgery, radiotherapy, or both was not statistically different from those who did not receive any treatment. Only the tumor stage (log rank=4.51, p value/${\alpha}$=0.03) was associated with patient survival. The overall mean survival was 49.3 months, with survival rate diminishing from 88.3% during the 1st year to 1.80% by end of the study. This relatively low survival rate of our cases only reflects their poor access to quality diagnostic and treatment facilities.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.123-137
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 전형적인 엘니뇨와 새로운 형태의 엘니뇨 Modoki에 따른 한강유역의 여름철(6~9월) 강우량의 특성 변화를 분석하였다. 전형적인 엘니뇨 시기에는 대체로 여름철 강우량이 감소하였으며, 강우의 변동성도 비교적 크게 나타났다(CV=0.40). 반면에 엘니뇨 Modoki 시기에는 한강 대부분 유역에서 평년보다 강우가 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 여름철 강우의 변동성은 작은 것으로 분석되었다(CV=0.23). 엘니뇨 Modoki 시기에는 한강 남부의 11개 중권역에서 통계적으로 유의한 강우의 증가를 보였고, 30mm/day와 50mm/day를 초과하는 중호우의 강우발생일은 각각 9.9일과 5.4일로 나타났으며, 전형적인 엘니뇨 시기보다 백분위 편차가 각각 17.74%, 50.94% 큰 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구에서는 새로운 형태의 엘니뇨 Modoki가 전형적인 패턴의 엘니뇨보다 한강유역의 여름철 수자원 변동에 민감하게 영향을 주고 있음을 확인하였으며, 향후 수자원의 계절적 변동과 불확실성이 큰 지역에서 안정적인 수자원 확보를 위한 기초자료로 활용이 가능하리라 사료된다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.275-279
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• 1993

Reflex sympathetic dystrophy is a syndrome characterized by persistent, burning pain, hyperpathia, allodynia & hyperaesthesia in an extremity, with concurrent evidence of autonomic nervous system dysfunction. It generally develops after nerve injury, trauma, surgery, et al. The most successful therapies are directed towards blocking the sympathetic intervention to the affected extremity by regional sympathetic ganglion block or Bier block with sympathetic blocker; other traditional treatments include transcutaneous electrical stimulation, immobilization with cast & splint, physical therapy, psychotherapy, administration of sympathetic blocker, calcitonin, corticosteroid and analgesic agents. The purpose of this report is to evaluate and describe the effects of magnetic resonance following unsatisfactory results with traditional treatments of RSD. A 17 year old female patient, 1 year earlier, had received excision and drainage of pus at the right femoral triangle due to an injury caused by a stone. Afterwards, she experienced burning pain, knee joint stiffness, and muscle dystrophy of the right thigh, especially when standing and walking. Despite a year of number of traditional treatments such as: lumbar sympathetic block, continuous epidural analgesia, transcutaneous electrical stimulation, & administration of predisolone, her pain did not improve. Surprisingly, the patients was able to walk free from pain and difficulty after just one application of magnetic resonance. The patient has been successfully treated with further treatment of two to three times a week for approximately ten weeks. More recently, magnetic resonance has been demonstrated to produce effective results for the relief of pain in a variety of diseases. From our experiences we recognize magnetic resonance as a therapeutic modality which can provide excellent results for the treatment of RSD. It has been suggested that polysynaptic reflex which are disturbed in RSD may be modulated normally on the spinal cord level through the application of magnetic resonance.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.35-47
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• 2001

As the complexity of the our environment is further complicated by advancements in industry and increase in vehicle traffic flow, the incidents of injury causing accidents are on the rise. Consequently, there is increasing emphasis on the importance of systematic and continual safety education for injury preventive behaviors. This study investigates safety related problems of elementary school students based on the PRECEDE model, proposed by Green et al.(1980 Green), to comprehensively identify the requirements of school safety education. The identified requirements were used to diagnose the current state of elementary school safety education through the analysis of multidimensional factors. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 594 sixth grade students from randomly selected 4 schools in Seoul to examine their injury preventive behaviors and to determine the educational diagnosis variables that affect it. The duration of the survey was 3 weeks starting from April 12, 1999 to May 8, 1999. A summary of the survey results are presented below; 1. Situations in which accidents have occurred were, in their order of frequency, ‘during play or sports activities within the school grounds’ was most frequent at 59.6％, ‘during play on local streets’ at 49.5％, and ‘traffic accidents’ at 41.6％. 2. Categorization of the injury preventive behavior showed that ‘not playing at high traffic flow locations such as streets and construction sites’ had the higher level of observance, while ‘wearing of helmets and joint protection devices during playing’ was least observed. 3. Considering injury preventive behaviors in relation to educational diagnosis variables indicated, for predisposing factors, lower ‘perception to injury accidents’ (p〈0.001) combined with higher ‘concerns for injury accidents’(p〈0.001), ‘practice of preventive behavior’(p〈0.001), and ‘the level of safety knowledge’(p〈0.001) resulted in significantly higher observance of injury preventive behaviors. For enabling factors, higher ‘perceived level of the school safety education’ (p〈0.001) and ‘availability of safety education resources’(p〈0.01) indicated significantly higher observance of injury preventive behaviors. For the reinforcing factor, frequent exposure to ‘safety education brochure’ (p〈0.01) and ‘audio-visual material for safety education’(p〈0.01) combined with more ‘regional safety education’ (p〈0.01), ‘home safety education’ (p〈0.01), ‘school safety education’(p〈0.001), and, ‘parents’ observance of preventive behaviors' (p〈0.001) showed significantly higher observance of injury preventive behaviors. 4. An analysis of the factors that affect injury preventive behaviors showed that the enabling factor ‘awareness of school safety education’ had the highest correlation with injury preventive behaviors followed by factors, in their order of significance, ‘practice of preventive behavior’, ‘perception to injury accidents’, ‘level of safety knowledge’, ‘parents’ observances of preventive behaviors', and ‘concerns for injury accidents.’

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.2965-2972
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• 2016

Background: China carries a heavy burden of cervical cancer (CC) and substantial disparities exist across regions within the country. In order to reduce regional disparities in CC, the government of China launched the National Cervical Cancer Screening Program in Rural Areas (NCCSPRA) in 2009. Critical to the success of the program are the health care workers who play a pivotal role in preventing and managing CC by encouraging and motivating women to use screening services and by providing identification and treatment services. This study aimed to assess cervical cancer knowledge among these health care workers at the county level in maternal and child health (MCH) hospitals across different socio-economic regions of China. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted and self-administered questionnaires were sent to all health care workers (a total of 66) providing cervical cancer screening services in 6 county level MCH hospitals in Liaoning, Hubei and Shaanxi provinces, representing eastern, central and western regions of China; 64 (97.0%, 64/66) of the workers responded. ANOVA and Chi-square test were used to compare the knowledge rate and scores in subgroups. Results: The knowledge level of the respondents was generally low. The overall combined knowledge rate was 46.9%. The knowledge rates for risk factors, prevention, clinical symptoms, screening and diagnostic tests and understanding of positive results were 31.3%, 37.5%, 18.1%, 56.3% and 84.4%, respectively. Statistically significant differences in scores or rates of CC knowledge were seen across the different regions. The total and sectional scores in the less developed regions were statistically significantly lower than in the other regions. Conclusions: The majority of the health care workers who provide CC screening service in NCCSPRA at county level MCH hospitals do not have adequately equipped with knowledge about CC. Given the importance of knowledge to the program's success in reducing CC burden in rural women in China, efforts are needed to improve the knowledge of health care workers, especially in less developed regions.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.249-258
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• 2022

The specific muscular structure of the tongue greatly affects margin shrinkage and tumor invasion, making the optimal surgical margin controversial. This study investigated surgical margin correlated prognosis of TSCC (tongue squamous cell carcinoma) according to margin location and its value, and the histopathologic factors which are suggestive of tumor invasion. And we would like to propose defining of the surgical margin for TSCC via prognosis according to location and margin values. We reviewed 45 patients diagnosed with TSCC who visited Seoul National University Dental Hospital (SNUDH) (Seoul, Republic of Korea) from 2010 to 2019, who were managed by a single surgical team. Patient clinical and pathological data of patients were retrospectively reviewed, and in 36 out of 45 patients, the pathologic parameters including the worst pattern of invasion (WPOI) and tumor budding were investigated via diagnostic histopathology slide reading. When standardized with as 0.25 cm anterior margins, as 0.35 cm deep margin, there was no significant difference in disease specific survival (DSS) or loco-regional recurrence-free survival (LRFS). Additionally, there was a non-significant difference in DSS and LRFS at the nearest margin of 0.35 cm (P_DSS=0.276, P_LRFS=0.162). Aggressive WPOI and high tumor budding showed lower survival and recurrence-free survival, and there were significant differences in close margin and involved margin frequencies. In TSCC, the value and location of the surgical margin did not have a significant relationship with prognosis, but WPOI and tumor budding suggesting the pattern of muscle invasion affected survival and recurrence-free survival. WPOI and tumor budding should be considered when setting an optimal surgical margin.

• 광물과 암석
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.199-214
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• 2022

영남육괴는 광역적인 고온-저압의 변성작용과 부분용융을 경험한 한반도 지각을 대표하는 기반암 중 하나이다. 이 논문에서는 지금까지 보고된 영남육괴 고온 변성암류에 기록된 백립암상의 변성작용과 부분용융 과정을 통해 고원생대(1.87-1.84Ga)의 고온조산운동 기록을 살펴본다. 특히 열원으로서의 역할을 담당했던, 산청-하동지역 회장암질 마그마를 비롯한 고철질 화성활동과 고온-저압 변성작용 사이의 시공간적 연계는 영남육괴의 광역변성작용과 지각용융을 이해하는데 필수적인 정보를 제공한다. 지각용융은 주로 함(含)유체 부분용융과 백운모/흑운모의 탈수용융에 의해 발생하였으며, 다양한 형태의 우백대와 우백질 화강암을 형성하였다. 이차이온질량분석기를 활용한 저어콘과 모나자이트의 암석연대학적 결과는 영남육괴의 고온변성작용과 부분용융이 약 1870-1854 Ma의 ~15 Ma 기간 동안 지속되었음을 지시한다. 또한, 초기 차노카이트로 대표되는 유체유입 사건이 약 1840 Ma에 발생하였다. 이와 같이 영남육괴 내에는 고온변성작용과 부분융용, 그리고 유체유입이라는 고온조산대를 대표하는 일련의 지질사건들이 기록되어 있다. 영남육괴에서 확인된 고온조산대는 북중국 지괴에서 흔히 보고되는 고원생대 조산운동과 연계되어 있으며, 고원생대 콜럼비아/누나 초대륙 진화의 최후기 산물이리라 판단된다.