• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.128-144
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• 2023

Objectives: The health system reform process is highly political and controversial, and in most cases, it fails to realize its intended goals. This study was conducted to synthesize factors underlying the failure of health system reforms. Methods: In this systematic review and meta-synthesis, we searched 9 international and regional databases to identify qualitative and mixed-methods studies published up to December 2019. Using thematic synthesis, we analyzed the data. We utilized the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research checklist for quality assessment. Results: After application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 40 of 1837 articles were included in the content analysis. The identified factors were organized into 7 main themes and 32 sub-themes. The main themes included: (1) reforms initiators' attitudes and knowledge; (2) weakness of political support; (3) lack of interest group support; (4) insufficient comprehensiveness of the reform; (5) problems related to the implementation of the reform; (6) harmful consequences of reform implementation; and (7) the political, economic, cultural, and social conditions of the society in which the reform takes place. Conclusions: Health system reform is a deep and extensive process, and shortcomings and weaknesses in each step have overcome health reform attempts in many countries. Awareness of these failure factors and appropriate responses to these issues can help policymakers properly plan and implement future reform programs and achieve the ultimate goals of reform: to improve the quantity and quality of health services and the health of society.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.155-162
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• 2022

In order to practically activate women's policies, it is necessary above all to develop programs for women's empowerment and to activate women's centers, which serve as a base for promoting women's welfare. To this end, the problems of the Women's Center were considered, and the history, function, and operation aspects of the Gyeonggi Women's Center were analyzed. Looking at the results of the analysis, first, the Gyeonggi Women's Center uses its current functions to spread the awareness of gender equality, and in order to promote women's social activities and welfare, it is necessary to integrate functions and form a network from a paradigm perspective. Second, in order for the Gyeonggi Women's Center to take the lead in the role of an integrated community center, it is necessary to explore the vitalization of city and county networks. Third, the development and support of internal and external resources is necessary to establish women's governance, and the Gyeonggi Women's Center needs to be responsible for the coordinator's role. Fourth, Gyeonggi Women's Center should strive to resolve regional imbalances through close communication with the Gyeonggi Women's Center Council. Based on the results of this analysis, a plan for the Gyeonggi Women's Center was suggested.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.51-68
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• 2024

Since 1949, the UK has implemented a national land planning strategy to sustain rural areas, emphasizing the concept of 'Natural Beauty.' This involves designating "Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB)" as a political approach to conserving rural landscapes and fostering a societal consensus on environmental conservation. AONB adopts an integrated and systematic approach to achieve harmony between the environment and human activities. This study investigates the implications of the AONB rural landscape management approach through case studies of the Cotswolds Conservation Board and Cannock Chase Joint Committee. It examines the legislative designation and supporting processes of AONB, analyzing the governance system to clarify the roles of authorities in policy decision-making. AONB's system revolves around joint committees or conservation boards of local authorities responsible for establishing, implementing, and monitoring management plans. The planning process involves a harmonious management plan system reflecting regional demands, including regular forums. AONB serves as a powerful tool for local residents to engage in the development of their region through stewardship. The study suggests that understanding the AONB model could provide a foundation for developing rural landscape conservation and spatial management plans tailored to Korea's context in the future.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.163-175
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• 2015

In this paper, soil erosion and soil loss management system (SMS) of the City of Calgary in Albert, Canada was reviewed. Regulatory basis supporting this soil management system, permit process and conditions, guidelines and principles for the SMS, and monitoring and repair duties, inspection were discussed. Permit process in the City of Calgary is handled mainly by Urban Development Division, in which special task force called CPAG (Coorporative Planning Application Group) (if necessary circulated through related subdivisions). Inspects all the permit conditions and decides permit or refusal, and LUM (Land Use and Mobility) advertises the approval, if there is no appeals, permit is released to developers. If permit is rejected, applicant can appeals Development Appeal Board, it can approve or reject. In addition to permit, the city has manual for soil management plan, which includes BMP selection, design, monitoring, maintenance, and inspection activities. Perfect SMS policy does not necessarily guarantee relieving the soil-particle related pollution problem, but in Korea, we have to recognize that construction works during development is potentially the most destructive stage of environmental pollution. The central and local governments must make preparations for the effective and tight regulations and ordinance which is appropriate for regional social-economic conditions.

• Korean Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.75-81
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• 2022

Given that China's resource research, exploration and development and resource economy policies are closely related to Korea's industrial competitiveness in the field of global mineral energy resources, it is important to establish the domestic and overseas resource development strategies. In 2020, China will revise and set standards for mineral resources to ensure efficiency in exploration and development and storage management. China's Ministry of Natural Resources has established the National Mineral Resources Plan (2021-2025), aiming to achieve national goals and strategies, and local governments at all levels are also establishing and implementing regional mineral resources plans. As a result, the supervision and management of geological mineral exploration activities have been strengthened, and the safety of industrial production management in the field of geological mineral exploration and development has been strengthened. China has developed guidelines for high-quality geological exploration, surveying and mapping, improved the level of geological mineral exploration and strengthened the mining supervision and management system. According to China's standardization of mineral resources such as solid mineral resources and petroleum gas mineral resources, a new standard system for resource management will be established in China to improve scientific understanding, rational management and utilization.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.225-236
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• 2022

Urbanization due to population growth and regional development can cause various environmental problems, such as the urban heat island phenomenon. A planned city is considered an appropriate study site to analyze changes in urban climate caused by rapid urbanization in a short-term period. In this study, changes in land cover and surface heat island phenomenon were analyzed according to the development plan in Sejong City from 2013 to 2020 using Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager/Thermal Infrared Sensor (OLI/TIRS) satellite imagery. The surface temperature was calculated in consideration of the thermal infrared band value provided by the satellite image and the emissivity, and based on this the surface heat island effect intensity and Urban Thermal Field Variance Index (UTFVI) change analysis were performed. The level-2 land cover map provided by the Ministry of Environment was used to confirm the change in land cover as the development progressed and the difference in the surface heat island intensity by each land cover. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that the urbanized area increased by 15% and the vegetation decreased by more than 28%. Expansion and intensification of the heat island phenomenon due to urban development were observed, and it was confirmed that the ecological level of the area where the heat island phenomenon occurred was very low. Therefore, It can suggest the need for a policy to improve the residential environment according to the quantitative change of the thermal environment due to rapid urbanization.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.77-89
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• 2020

Nowadays, urban townhouses are being developed in various forms according to the characteristics of different regions in consideration of the trends of the housing market. Misperceiving the needs of consumers or their characteristics as a house for living, however, they often end up becoming products that are not suitable for urban life or degraded on account of reckless regional development. It is so unfortunate that such trial and error keeps being repeated. Urban townhouses are advantageous because there is no such problem as either invasion of privacy or noise from neighbors, and it is possible to have one's own garden and enlarged parking space, obtain quality of grounding, and plan unique interior and exterior design. They are also equipped with the strengths of apartment houses as well, for example, the efficiency of joint control in crime and disaster prevention or security, architecture of diaphragm walls with the separation of gates, or the planning of common space like a central square or park. Therefore, there is a great chance that they can be developed as the types of urban housing. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to establish the basic direction of developing housing products right as space for urban life and maximize the roles of urban townhouses. By understanding their spatial as well as functional elements as a house for living, this author aims to provide a guideline for housing product development to realize urban townhouses that can meet consumer needs.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.461-473
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• 2015

The aim of this paper is to explore limits to the institutional formation and operation for network city as a case study of Daegu-Gyeongbuk Free Economic Zone (DGFEZ) in the introductory context. The legal and institutional framework of FEZ in Korea can be characterized by multi-dimensional, vertical or horizontal governance. However, in terms of its implementation process of DGFEZ, the density of the public-private network becomes relatively week, and consequently, the level of participation by local people was not institutionalized in a more collaborative way. With respect to the network city for DGFEZ, while at the initial stage its plan was highly focused upon the conceptual framework of the city, the process of its implementation was based upon a polarization strategy of individual unit and a performance-oriented type. Other evidence for it is that administrative organization in DGFEZ changed from development-based throughout investment attraction-focused up to region-based department. Therefore, there are limits to the institutional formation and operation for the network city in the context of DGFEZ.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.666-678
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• 2008

The needs for drawing up of biotope map is rapidly spreaded over each local government recently in Korea, according as enhancing of interest about biotope, which is recognized to practical instrument for concretely being able to considering natural environment and ecosystem on all sorts of development plan. However, there are not yet the standard suggestion on biotope types and classification systems and biotope classification criteria. Therefore, each other methodologies are applied to each of local autonomies. First, under such critical mind the biotope types and classification systems were drafted by a review on biotope types, biotope classification systems, and biotope classification criteria of the preceded case studies until now at the inside and outside of the country. And then the purpose of this study is to derive biotope types and biotope classification systems applicable to the whole Korean region through continual feed back such as field surveys in selected representative areas and consultations. As a result of reviewing the case examples, first, the biotope classification systems were mixed two steps system with three steps system and those were composed mostly of the structure of two steps: large and small. Second, land-use, soil pavement ratio, green cover ratio, and vegetation usually were applied to the biotope classification criteria. This study suggests that the biotope classification system is consisted of four steps system: large(biotope class), medium(biotope group), small(biotope type) and detail(sub-biotope type), and the biotope types are classified into 13 types of large step, 45 types of medium step and 127 types of small step. However, this study suggests that the new biotope types on small step or detail step should be continually supplemented with the foundation of classification system proposed in this study because the biotope type classification should consider regional characteristics.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.1-21
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• 2007

The purpose of this research is to seek for efficient method of health improvement program for the old and to offer basic material for the development of community's public health service. This study investigated into the yangseng life level of the old and the factors which affect their yangseng life, and was to offer basic materials for oriental medicine-based health improvement plan which is appropriate for each community. The 818 surveys were conducted upon the old who are above 65 and who live in Jeollabukdo, and the results from the survey are as follows ; 1. The rural area showed more percentage of old people, the old who live alone and who have job compared to urban area. More people in rural area were found to live at their own expense. Additionally, there were more people who had high education in urban area and who have disease in rural area. 2. The total yangseng level of recipients was 94.20, and the average was 3.25. The average of urbanite was 3.26 and it was 3.23 for who live in rustic area, but there found no significant difference. All the old live in both urban area and rural area showed the highest score in morality yangseng and lowest in sex-life yangseng. 3. There found no difference upon regions, but the recipients show high yangseng level when they are male, have spouse, live with them, have factors including high education background, job, religion and hobby, or have confidence in their health. They also show high yangseng level when they do not have any disease in progress. 4. According to the results of general traits and yangseng level of each category, the old who live in urban area show higher exercise yangseng level than the one in rural area, and there is no significant difference upon the region in other categories. There were some cases which general traits and regional characteristics mutually affected each other. In conclusion, the yangseng level of the old is affected by individual traits and habits rather than the regions in which they live. The old who live in rural area are required to focus on exercise more, since the exercise yangseng level of them were lower than the ones of urban area. Moreover, there were some cases which general traits and regional characteristics mutually affected each other, so it requires further in-depth study about the correlation.