• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.52 no.12
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• pp.985-999
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• 2019

Over the last decade, droughts have become more severe and frequent in many regions, and several studies have been conducted to explore the recent drought. Copula-based bivariate drought frequency analysis has been widely used to evaluate drought risk in the context of point frequency analysis. However, the relatively significant uncertainties in the parameters are problematic when available data are limited. For this reason, the primary purpose of this study is to develop a regional drought frequency model based on the Copula function. All parameters, including marginal and copula functions in the regional frequency model, were estimated simultaneously. Here, we present a case study of recent drought 2013-2015 over the Han-River watershed where severe drought risk is consistently found to increase. The proposed model provided a reliable way to significantly reduce the uncertainty of parameters with a Bayesian modeling framework. The uncertainty of the joint return period in the regional frequency analysis is nearly three times lower than that of the point frequency analysis. Accordingly, DIC values in the regional frequency analysis model are significantly decreased by 15. The results confirm that the proposed model is not only reliably representing characteristics of historical droughts and dependencies between drought variables, but also providing the efficacy of understanding regional drought characteristics.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.487-517
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• 2017

In the context of an increased demand in universities' expansion of networks between other innovation actors, this research attempts to make a comparison on university-centered SCIE knowledge networks between regions. Using regional comparison, we have looked into these networks in regards to their characteristics, the importance of regional boundaries, and the effect of the regional industrial policy. As a result of this comparative analysis, we discovered that the point universities and research universities hold high centrality in regional knowledge networks, and that the characteristics of regions are reflected into this network. For instance, the Gyeonggi province had a preeminent level of industry-academy relationship, while for Daejeon it was public research institutions and academy, and Gangwon province it was between academy between academy. As a network analysis based on journals above SCIE levels, regional boundaries were not very clear in the network structures. However, within these boundaries, the impact of regional industrial policies were proven to be stronger in the Gang-won province where the academy-academy network was most prominent. The implication of this research outcome is that for regional innovation, government should more actively implement policies that can link academic institutes' knowledge to industry by expanding knowledge networks. In addition, we emphasize on the necessity of a regionally-appropriate policy, rather than a generalized industrial policy. And fundamentally, in regards to innovation, establishing a sound industrial infrastructure for regional development and efforts to link relevant actors are required.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.1-15
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• 2018

Purpose - This study investigates the effect of MNEs' characteristics on the use of foreign currency denominated debt in the context of Korean firms. This study examines the relationship between MNEs and the use of foreign debt focusing on the accessibility to the capital market in addition to the motive of hedging against foreign exchange exposure. Research design and methodology - Probit estimation is employed for estimating significant factors in determination of the use of foreign debt by firms. The dependent variable is a dummy variable to indicate whether a firm uses foreign debt or not at the end of 2004. Independent variables include foreign subsidiaries ratio, export to sale, R&D expenditure to sale, and credit rating. Results - The results show that the interaction between the level of internationalization represented by intra-regional diversification and the strategic characteristics embedded in the region of entry affects the use of foreign debt. In case of a high level of diversification within the developing region with a strong pursuit of asset exploitation, MNEs are more likely to use foreign debt, whereas a high level of diversification within the developed region with a strong pursuit of asset seeking, MNEs are less likely to use foreign debt. Conclusions - The differences between MNEs in terms of intra-regional diversification, strategic orientation, and the accessibility to capital markets as well as the hedging motive affect the use of foreign debt.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.35-43
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• 2015

The purpose of the research is to analyze damages of TYLCV (Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus) in the context of climate changes and to find the spatial distribution of the damages and characteristics of regions. A TYLCV is generally known for a plant disease related to temperature. Its occurrence rate increases when temperature rises. This disease first occurred in 2008 and rapidly spread nationwide. Due to the spread of a TYLCV, a number of Tomato farms in Korea were damaged severely. To analyze damages of the pest in the context of climate changes, this research estimated production loss under the current situation and RCP scenarios. Additionally, Hot Spot Analysis, LISA, and Cluster analysis were conducted to find spatial distribution and properties of largely damaged regions under RCP scenarios. The results explained that additional production loss was estimated differently by regions with the same temperature rising scenario. Also, largely damaged regions are spatially clustered and factors causing large damages were different across regional cluster groups. It means that certain regions can be damaged more than others by diseases and pests. Furthermore, pest management policy should reflect the properties of each region such as climate conditions, cultivate environment and production technologies. The findings from this research can be utilized for developing rural management plans and pest protection policies.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.529-541
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• 2002

This paper aims to provide a context-specific interpretation on the shifting process of in-house R&D spaces in a large Korean firm in the context of rapidly changing markets and technology. Drawing on the case study of LG Electronics Company, one of the Korea's flagship companies, I examine the causes and mechanisms leading to a shift in domestic R&D spaces and the nature of learning processes between R&D teams and between R&D and other organizational units, particularly manufacturing. It appears that the current reshaping processes of domestic R&D spaces in LGE focus more on the clustering of core R&D laboratories than the geographical integration of conception and execution. However, it should not simply be viewed that such a move would be reduced to the linear model of innovation and organizational learning. Instead, it involves the firm-specific mode of regulating organizational competences. As contextual variables to induce such a firm-specific mode of organizational change, I consider the spatial form of organization, the spatial sources of knowledge and learning, and the powers of relational learning that can be made between distanciated actors and teams.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.213-221
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• 2021

The modernization approach to monitoring regional processes of providing social services is proposed. The methodological approach is developed in the context of the modern public policy, which includes the following stages: the formation of a system of indicators that characterize the level of the social services modernization; the determination of the levels of regions development by such components as the modernization level of the economic sphere, the modernization level of the demographic component and the modernization level of employment; the determination of weights for each group of indicators and calculation of integrated indicators, ranking of regions; the allocation of criteria for classification and grouping of regions according to the modernization level of the social services sphere; highlighting the most important problems of each region. The proposed method is tested on the example of the Ukraine's regions. According to the results of calculations of the modernization level of the processes of providing social services, the ranking and grouping of the regions was carried out. The rating allowed to distinguish four groups of regions: regions with a high modernization level of social services, regions with above-average levels, as well as regions with medium and low levels. The author's modernization approach to monitoring the processes of providing social services allows to investigate the real state of the main indicators influencing these processes and to identify problem regions in order to develop mechanisms to stimulate their development.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.251-257
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• 2023

In this paper, we propose a dual-structured self-attention method that improves the lack of regional features of the vision transformer's self-attention. Vision Transformers, which are more computationally efficient than convolutional neural networks in object classification, object segmentation, and video image recognition, lack the ability to extract regional features relatively. To solve this problem, many studies are conducted based on Windows or Shift Windows, but these methods weaken the advantages of self-attention-based transformers by increasing computational complexity using multiple levels of encoders. This paper proposes a dual-structure self-attention using self-attention and neighborhood network to improve locality inductive bias compared to the existing method. The neighborhood network for extracting local context information provides a much simpler computational complexity than the window structure. CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100 were used to compare the performance of the proposed dual-structure self-attention transformer and the existing transformer, and the experiment showed improvements of 0.63% and 1.57% in Top-1 accuracy, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.357-378
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• 2014

The concern on new regional geography in Korea has emerged in the 1990s under the influence of paradigm shift of Western geography, that is, the withering of positivist geography and the introduction of grand social theories into geography. New regional geography in Korea also seems to have developed in the rapidly changing process of glocalization of capitalism which has accompanied with the transformation toward post-Fordism with high-tech innovation, development of transportation and communication technology with time-space compression, and increasing social and cultural mobility with change of identity. But it can be pointed out that discussion on methodology for regional geography in Korea has been shrunken since the mid 2000s, and there has been relatively little empirical research with synthetic approach to region. But more concern on methodology in terms of place, territory, network, scale, etc. rather than the concept of region itself has increased, and empirical researches on regions in specific fields of human geography have been promoted. It is argued that the traditional distinction between synthetic and analytic approaches seems no longer significant. But geographers need to extend the concept of region in relation to other diverse spatial concepts, and to purse simultaneously structural analysis on glocalization process and practical strategies responding positively to the process.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.580-599
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• 2008

This paper aims at examining the existence and characteristics of regional difference in project finance in Korea. Main results of this paper are as follow. Firstly, regional difference in project finance between capital region and local can be seen partially. However, their characteristics are different from corporate finance. ANOVA tests show significant differences of excess interest rate occur in case of commercial real estate projects and significant differences of contracted terms occur in case of residential real estate projects carried out by local banks. Secondly, key factors causing the regional differences in project finance are asymmetric information for cash flow generated by the project between the capital region and local. Especially, regional differences in project finance are different from those in corporate financing because of local banks$^{\circ}{\phi}$ behaviors. They follow and act as the passive members of nationwide banks in case of the capital region projects. Thirdly, prepaid sale system and the guarantee system depending on construction companies dilute the regional differences in project finance in case of residential real estate projects. Although these systems contributed rapid growth of project finance, they may be the main factors distorting project finance market which lead to financial crisis. In these context, policy implications may be derived in order to solve the confronted problems of project finance market.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.701-716
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• 2000

This study examines patterms of wage inequality across ownership types and its regional structure in post-reform China in order to understand an emerging process of inequality. Using industrial wage data, I explored historical changes of cross-ownership wage inequality and its spatial differentiation during the reform period. This stuy found that pattems of wage inequality need to be understood in the context of changing redistributive economy which shapes state-enterprise relation in china's industrial sector. This relationship in turn determines labor market outcomes during the reform period including wage inequality. Regional structure of cross-ownership wage inequality also needs to be understood in terms of the differentiated process in which reqional wage levels are related to different wage factors. The findings have significant implications for understanding new patterns of soical and spatial inequalities in post-reform China.