• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.550-556
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• 2020

Over the past years, the role of ports in the global network of supply chains has becoming increasingly important, not merely as a physical location for loading and unloading goods, but also as an essential center of economic activity where additional value is added to cargo. Due to the overall growing importance of ports, each country has chosen to adopt hub growth as a primary economic strategy. Northeast Asia in particular, due to its high population density, experiences intense competition between its ports. Busan's port, as a result, has used the establishment of Distripark in order to attract high and stable trade volume, and compete more effectively with other ports in the region. This study estimates the unit cost of the logistic process for the all principal cargos handled at Busan New Port, with the findings revealing that unit cost increases gradually starting with chemical products, LME bulk goods, automobile parts, LME containers, general cargoes, and LME inland transportation goods coming in last. Future research will look more closely at all all categories of cargo handled in the Distrpark of Busan New Port, thereby enabling us to better understand the value created by the port, and how to best implement effective trade volume-attraction strategy.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.40-51
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to diagnose urban spatial structures using spatial modeling techniques for balanced urban development as part of sustainable urban growth management. Since urban spatial structure is an interaction of various activities, it is necessary to interpret the analysis results in conjunction with the analysis of changes in spatial structural elements. In this study, population and transportation were approached for research purposes. Population data were applied to the Getis-Ord G_i^* method, a spatial statistical technique, to analyze the concentration-decreasing region of the population. Traffic data analyzed the trend of centrality change by applying commuting traffic O-D data to Social Network Analysis techniques. The analysis showed that urban imbalance was growing, and the centrality of transportation was changing. The results of the analysis of spatial structure elements could be interpreted by linking the results of each factor to each neighborhood unit, predicting changes in urban spatial structure and suggesting directions for sustainable urban growth management.These results could also be used as a decision-making tool for various urban growth management policies introduced to cope with rapid urban development and uncontrollable development in many cities around the world.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.183-195
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• 2021

This study compared and analyzed the trends of wellness-related tourism polices in Japan, which have policy similarities with Korea, through related literature research and online interview surveys amid growing demand for wellness tourism in Korea's wellness tourism policy implications. According to the survey, wellness tourism-related concepts do not differ particularly between Korea and Japan, and the use of health tourism or wellness tourism concepts is more common in Japan than healing tourism. Wellness tourism policy is analyzed to be more systematic in Japan in the areas of policy principal agent's flexibility, policy efficiency, related certification, and human resource development, and Korea in the driving force and institutional maintenance of policy. It was judged that Korea needs to establish a wellness tourism consultative body, such as the case of Japan, and improve efficiency through systematic certification of wellness tourism and qualitative management of related manpower. In order to industrialize wellness tourism, it is necessary to increase the healing effectiveness and product value of wellness tourism by organically linking wellness resources specialized by region, and to conduct in-depth analysis of the direction and strategies of wellness tourism policies in preparation for the post-Corona(COVID-19) Era and an empirical study of tourism sites.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.548-557
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• 2021

Background: Due to the emergence of new diseases such as COVID-19, an increasing number of people are struggling with stress and depression. Interest is growing in forest-based recreation for physical and mental relief. Objectives: A prediction model equation using meteorological factors and data was developed to predict the quantities of medicinal substances generated in forests (monoterpenes) in real-time. Methods: The concentration of phytoncide and meteorological factors in the forests near Chuncheon in South Korea were measured for nearly two years. Meteorological factors affecting the observation data were acquired through a multiple regression analysis. A model equation was developed by applying a linear regression equation with the main factors. Results: The linear regression analysis revealed a high explanatory power for the coefficients of determination of temperature and humidity in the coniferous forest (R²=0.7028 and R²=0.5859). With a temperature increase of 1℃, the phytoncide concentration increased by 31.7 ng/Sm³. A humidity increase of 1% led to an increase in the coniferous forest by 21.9 ng/Sm³. In the deciduous forest, the coefficients of determination of temperature and humidity had approximately 60% explanatory power (R²=0.6611 and R²=0.5893). A temperature increase of 1℃ led to an increase of approximately 9.6 ng/Sm³, and 1% humidity resulted in a change of approximately 6.9 ng/Sm³. A prediction model equation was suggested based on such meteorological factors and related equations that showed a 30% error with statistical verification. Conclusions: Follow-up research is required to reduce the prediction error. In addition, phytoncide data for each region can be acquired by applying actual regional phytoncide data and the prediction technique proposed in this study.

• Analyses & Alternatives
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.77-105
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• 2021

Natural gas consumption in Asia is growing at fast tempo because of various factors such as economic growth in the region, urbanization, coal-to-gas switch at power and industry sector. Due to geographical characteristics and lack of international pipeline connections between countries in the continent, majority of natural gas exported to Asian consumers is transported by tankers on the sea in the form of liquefied natural gas. As Asian market is the most lucrative market with the fastest demand growth, the competitions between LNG sellers for market share in Asian market are strengthening. The competitions accelerated, especially after the introduction of large volume of incremental supply into the market by new exporters from the U.S., Australia, and Russia. Cheniere Energy, the first exporter of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in the lower 48 states of U.S. has not adopted the traditional price formation mechanism and business model. Traditionally, prices of long-term LNG contracts have been indexed to the price of competing fuels, such as crude oil. The company adopted a pricing mechanism and business model based on a cost-plus system. Cheniere Energy opted for the safer and the risk-free pricing system, that annually guarantees a fixed amount of revenue to the seller. The company earns the same amount of money, regardless of natural gas price dynamics in the domestic and international market, but possibly with less revenue. However, by introducing and successfully implementing the safer and risk- free business model, Cheniere Energy, a company of a relatively smaller size in comparison with major oil and gas companies, became an example to other smaller-sized companies in the U.S. The company's business model demonstrated how to enter and operate LNG business amid increasing competitions among sellers in the U.S. and international market.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2023

The importance of preemptive flood preparation is growing as the importance of preparing for climate change increases due to record heavy rains in the Seoul metropolitan area in August 2022. Although it is responding to flood control through reservoirs and sediment sites, the government is preparing excellent spill reduction measures through a preliminary consultation system for Low Impact Development (LID). In this study, the depth of flooding was simulated when LID technologies were applied to the Sillim 2-drain region in Dorimcheon Stream basin, an urban stream, using XP-SWMM, a two-dimensional model. In addition, the analysis and applicability of the effect of reducing rainfall runoff for the largest rainfall in a day were reviewed, and it was judged to be effective as a method of reducing flooding in urban areas. Although there is a limitation in which the reduction effect is overestimated, it is thought that the LID technologies can be a significant countermeasure as a countermeasure for small-scale flooded areas where some flooding occurs after structural flooding measures are established.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.121-132
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• 2007

1. 버섯종균 개선 버섯의 품질과 수량을 좌우하는 주요 요인은 종균의 활력이다. 그러나 라오스에서는 종균의 활력이 낮아 조그마한 100cc 병에 배양완성하는데 14일이 소요되는 등 볍씨종균의 균사생장과 균사밀도가 매우 낮음을 확인하였다. 따라서 100cc 병을 1000cc 비닐봉지로 개선하여 입봉하는데 소요되는 시간을 10배로 단축 개선하였다. 또한 곡립종균을 액체종균으로 대처한 결과 균사생장속도가 2배가 빨랐으며 작업속도가 4배가 빨라졌다. 2. 버섯배지제조 방법 개선 미세하고 건조한 톱밥에 수분을 첨가하는데 50%이하의 수분함량을 유지함으로서 균사가 표면에만 자라고 있는 것을 확인하고 버섯 배지제조 시 물리성을 개선하기 위하여 볏짚을 잘게 잘라 10%~100%까지 혼합하는 실험을 실시하였다. 그 결과 톱밥 50%에 볏짚 50% 혼합하는 것이 균사생장 속도와 밀도가 좋았다. 또한 왕겨도 30%정도 혼합한 배지처리에서 가장 좋았다. 또한 수분함량도 65%로 향상하여 혼합하도록 지도하였다. 3. 버섯배지살균 방법 개선 라오스에서는 왕겨를 태워 살균을 실시하고 있다. 화력이 약하여 살균한 배지에서 볍씨의 새싹이 돋아나오는 경우를 발견하였다. 이는 살균이 제대로 되지 않았음을 의미한다. 그래서 이동식 직화식 살균을 권하였으나 시설자재값이 감당이 안되어 엄두를 내지 못하였다. 따라서 가스버너를 도입하여 단시간에 화력을 높여 살균을 실시하므로서 세균의 증식을 막아 균사생장속도를 빠르게 하고 균사량의 축적을 높이는데 교육을 하고 컨설팅을 실시하여 개선하였다. 4. 병뚜껑과 형성틀을 대체한 링을 이용한 입봉작업시간 단축과 비용절감 버섯봉지에 배지를 담는 입봉작업을 할 때 병뚜껑과 그의 형성틀을 끼우고 솜을 조금 뜯어 톱밥배지 위에 놓는 작업을 한다. 이는 아주 잘못된 방법이다. 왜 그렇게 하는가하는 것은 이해가 간다. 그렇게 하는 이유는 접종할 때 실내에서 그냥 접종하므로 뚜껑을 열때 보호막 역할을 할 것으로 생각하고 그렇게 하는데 천만의 말이다. 어떻든 뚜껑을 열면 잡균이 들어가는 것은 마찬가지이다. 그래서 이 솜을 배지표면에 놓으면 마른 솜이 그렇지 않아도 수분이 적은데 이 솜이 수분을 또 빼앗아 가버린다. 그래서 균사생장이 늘려 15일이면 다 자라야할 균사배양기간이 한달씩 걸려도 표면만 살짝 잘린 결과가 빗어진다. 이렇게 표면만 균사가 사탕 발림식으로 자라면 품질이 저하되고 수량이 적고 병해충에 저항력이 약해지게 된다. 따라서 뚜껑과 형성틀, 솜을 모두 없애고 봉지 상단부위를 U자형으로 꺽어서 링을 끼우는 방법을 실제로 실험으로 보여준 결과 작업능률이 5배로 빠르고 작업공정이 빨라짐으로서 세균번식밀도가 적어 균사생장 속도가 2배로 빨라졌고 수량이 배가됨을 증명하고 보급하여 많은 호평을 받았다.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.6 no.10
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• pp.449-456
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• 2016

In this study we recomposed the life story of Min Tatyana who is a Koryo-saram, or in other words, an ethnic Korean residing Kazakhstan. The life story of an overseas Korean, or Koryo-saram to be exact, includes in itself their multi-level identity which consists of the period of the immigration of Koryo-sarams, the special incident of deportation, as well as life as people of the Soviet Union and Kazakhstan, and life as a Korean race. In this study, we were confirmed the texture of the Korean race thought ordinary korean Min Tatyana life who living in Kazakhstan. The life story of Min Tatyana was reconstituted into two stories as "growing up in a multicultural society as Koryo-Saram" and "to live a life as the descendants of independence activist". She was born in historically region Kyzylorda, where living Korean groups and now she is living in Almaty, where living the many koreans ethnic groups of Kazakhstan. Also, her parents were respected to the local residents and her grandfather of husband was famous independent activist. These aspects have helped keep her Korean ethnic identity. The life story of Min Tatyana is personal story and qualitative text, which shows social, cultural background of korean ethnic who living in Kazakhstan. This study is expected to help to confirm the Koryo-Saram characteristics and aspect of their multilayer life.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.48-60
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• 2023

Although foxtail and broomcorn millet have been cultivated since the Neolithic Age on the Korean Peninsula, there have been few studies on how the importance of millet cultivation changed over time. The discovery of millet has been rare in the Mahan-Baekje villages in the Jeonnam region, and archaeological discussions on ancient farming have centered around rice farming. However, a large amount of millet was found at the Osan site in Bongrim-ri, Jangheung, showing that the tradition of millet cultivation continued during the AD 3-4 centuries. In contrast to rice farming, which requires low-lying wetlands, hot and humid summers, and a large labor force, millet cultivation has few restrictions in terms of growing environment and labor mobilization. Regarding harvesting seasons, the crops at the Osan site can be divided into fall harvesting (rice, legumes, millet) and summer harvesting (wheat). Regarding field locations, the crops are divided into wetland crops (rice) and dryland crops (wheat, legumes, millet). The operation of the dual agricultural system contributed to subsistence resilience and agricultural production, making it possible to effectively manage social and climatic crises.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.433-447
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• 2023

There is a growing demand for the stability of existing dams due to abnormal climate and the aging of dams. Emergency Action Plans (EAPs) for reservoir or dam failure only consider a single rainfall event. Therefore, this study simulates dam failure caused by continuous rainfall events, and proposes the establishment of EAP by selecting the optimal shelters. We define a mega rainfall event scenario caused by continuous rainfall events with 500-year frequency in the Chungju Dam watershed and estimate the mega flood. The mega flood event scenario is divided into two cases: scenario A represents the flooding case caused by discharge release from a dam, while scenario B is the case of a dam break. As a result of flood inundation analysis, the flooded damage area by the scenario A is 50.06 km² and the area by the scenario B is 6.1 times of scenario A (307.45 km²). We select optimal shelters for each administrative region in the city of Chungju, which has the highest inundation rate in the urban area. Seven shelter evaluation indicators from domestic and foreign shelter selection criteria are chosen, and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is used to evaluate the alternatives. As a result of the optimal shelter selection, the six shelters are selected and five are schools. This study considers continuous rainfall events for inundation analysis and selection of optimal shelters. Also, the results of this study could be used as a reference for establishment of the EAP.