• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.147-153
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• 2008

Cry1Ac gene was introduced into chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum Kitamura) 'Linneker Salmon' through Agrobacterium-mediated gene transformation to develop new lines showing resistance to tobacco cutworm (Spodoptera litura). Cry1Ac gene was transferred into chrysanthemum by Agrobacterium C58C1 containing pCAMBIA2301. After infection of Agrobacterium C58C1 with leaf segments, the segments were cultured on regeneration medium (MS + 1.0 mg/L BA + 0.5 mg/L IAA) containing 10 mg/L kanamycin for the first selection, on the same medium containing 20 mg/L kanamycin for the second selection, and on rooting medium (MS basal medium) containing 20 mg/L kanamycin for the third selection. Until the third selection, sixty nine plantlets (1.6%) were survived and rooted. Thirty six ones (0.8%) among them were confirmed as putative transformants with nptll gene by nptll primer PCR, and 35 (0.8%) of 36 ones as transformants with nptll gene and cry1Ac gene by Southern analysis. The gene transformation efficiency of cry1Ac gene was favorable with 0.8%. The resistance of tobacco cutworm (Spodoptera litura) in chrysan-themum transformant introduced cry1Ac gene was tested in green house. Three transformants were confirmed to have resistance to tobacco cutworm.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.1985-1994
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• 2000

This research was designed to investigate the effect of initial adsorbed amount of phenol, temperature, and pH on the desorption reaction of phenol from spent activated carbon loaded with phenol. Methanol, acetone, and N,N-dimethylformamide( DMF) were used as test organic solvents. The initial adsorbed quantities of phenol investigated here were 166.1mg/g, 180.7mg/g, and 197.9mg/g. The effect of temperature was evaluated from 15 to $55^{\circ}C$ with an interval of $10^{\circ}C$, while that of pH was investigated under acidic. neutral. and alkaline conditions. The extent of phenol desorption was proportional to the strength of dipole moment such as methanol < acetone < DMF. Over 90% desorption of phenol was achieved by acetone and DMF. The quantity of des orbed phenol by the organic solvents decreases with increasing the initial adsorbed amount of phenol. DMF is affected least by the initially adsorbed amount of phenol. An increase in reaction temperature leads to higher desorption of phenol. Desorption reaction by methanol is most sensitive to the temperature. As the pH of solvents increases. the desorption rate is also increasing. At pH=12. the desorption rate of phenol by methanol increases sharply by 10%. Although methanol demonstrated the weakest desorption power. the desorption capacity of methanol would approach that of acetone and DMF by adjusting temperature and pH. Methanol may emerge as a promising solvent for removing phenol from activated carbon because of acceptable regeneration efficiency as well as relatively cheap price.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1989

To enhance the capability of starch fermentation of the transformant TSD-14, the heat treated protoplasts of TSD-14 were fused with the protoplasts of C. tropicalis (lys$^-$) in the presence of 30% (w/ v) PEG and 20 mM CaC1$_2$. Fusants were selected by nutritional complementation on minium medium and the fusion frequency was 4.4$\times$10$^{-5}$. All fusants tested were possessed of complemented traits concerning carbon compound assimilation, and the cell volumes of the fusants were approximately 1.5 times larger than the parental strains. The fusants were genetically very stable, and were able to hydrolyze alpha 1,4-glucosidic linkage as well as alpha 1,6-linkage of starch contrary to one of parents TSD-14, The most promising fusant FSC-14-75 produced 8.7% (v/v) of ethanol from 15% liquefied potato starch medium, but the result was enhanced to 9.3% (v/v) by addition of 0.3% peptone. The corresponding fermentation efficiency was 86.0%.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.288-296
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• 2007

Distraction osteogenesis(DO) is a technique of lengthning bone including soft tissue by gradual separation of surgically divided bone surfaces. Distraction osteogenesis combination with a compression stimulation(DO-CO) was a new technique by authors to enhance new bone quality and to shorten the consolidation period. The purpose of this study was to compare DO with DO combined with compression force in efficiency by evaluating the expression of TGF-${\beta}1$, osteonectin and BMP-4 on bone regenerate in rabbit mandible. Fourty two rabbits were used for this experiment. On the control group, the distraction was carried out at the rate of 1 mm per day to obtain the amount of 8 mm distraction for 8 days. On the experimental group, the distraction was carried out at the rate of 1 mm per day for 10 days, 3 days-latency period, and then the compression was carried out as counter direction 1 mm per day for 2 days. After 0 day, 5 days, 13 days, 20 days, 27 days, 34 days and 41 days, three rabbits on each group were sacrificed and the distracted portion of mandible were cut and treated for RT-PCR observation. The level of expression of TGF-${\beta}1$ and osteonectin were shown more and longer expression in the experimental group than in the control group. The expression of BMP-4 was maintained with high level during the entire experimental period in both groups. These findings suggested that DO with compression stimulation could be a favorable technique for obtaining a good new bone quality.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.30 no.12
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• pp.1273-1280
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• 2008

This study sought to establish the optimum operating condition for the recovery of caustic (NaOH) solution from mercerization in textile process. As main factors, the silt density index (SDI) evaluation of ceramic membrane for the application of nanofiltration/reverse osmosis (NF/RO) membrane, the recovery yield measurement of caustic solution for the application of polymeric membrane, the optimum condition of chemical cleaning for the membrane regeneration, the optimum removal condition of total organic carbon (TOC), turbidity, color, and the permeate flux of ceramic membrane/polymeric membrane combined process were investigated. As results, ceramic ultrafiltration (UF) in the first step and nanofiltration (NF) in the second step were found to be suitable for the removal of total suspended solid (TSS), residual organics, turbidity including color, and the recovery of caustic solution from caustic wastewater stream in mercerization process. When only the ceramic UF membrane was used, the rejection efficiency of both of TSS and turbidity was more than 99.0%, and the color and TOC were rejected about 74.7% and 49.2%, respectively. Meanwhile, the combined membrane precess of UF and NF membranes showed even more efficient removal abilities and thus more than 99.9% of TSS and turbidity, 87.7% of color, and 78.2% of TOC were removed. In particular, 91.3% of NaOH was successfully recovered with 83.7% of total volume in the combined membrane process. With this regard, a clean caustic solution was obtained in a high purity, which can be reused for mercerization process, expecting to offer economical benefits.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.303-307
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• 2006

We describe here an efficient in vitro propagation method of Silene acaulis subsp. arctica (Caryophyllaceae), one of the higher arctic angiosperms, through the multiple shoot regeneration after callus induction from the radicle. The seeds of S. acaulis subsp. arctica collected from Svalbard, the Norwegian Arctic, were germinated and calli were induced from the radicle on solid MS media supplemented with 0.25mg/L 2,4-D and 1mg/L $GA_3$ at both $10{\pm}1^{\circ}C\;and\;23{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ Two weeks after callus induction, the multiple shoots were efficiently regenerated on the MS media supplemented with 0.25 g/L BA and 0.05mg/L HPh. The total biomass increment of regenerated shoots increased most efficiently of S. acaulis subsp. afctica was showed the maximum efficiency in at $23{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ on 1/2 MS salt strength. The multiple regenerated plantlets of S. acaulis subsp. arctics were grown to normal plants on soil.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.173-180
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• 2020

As the demand for fossil fuels continues to increase worldwide, carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration in the air has increased over the centuries. The way to reduce CO₂ emissions to the atmosphere, carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) technology have been developed that can be applied to power plants and factories, which are primary emission sources. According to the climate change mitigation policy, direct air capture (DAC) in air, referred to as "negative emission" technology, has a low CO₂ concentration of 0.04%, so it is focused on adsorbent research, unlike conventional CCS technology. In the DAC field, chemical adsorbents using CO₂ absorption, solid absorbents, amine-functionalized materials, and ion exchange resins have been studied. Since the absorbent-based technology requires a high-temperature heat treatment process according to the absorbent regeneration, the membrane-based CO₂ capture system has a great potential Membrane-based system is also expected for indoor CO₂ ventilation systems and immediate CO₂ supply to smart farming systems. CO₂ capture efficiency should be improved through efficient process design and material performance improvement.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.384-389
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• 1992

Bacillus sp. YBL-7 which had been isolated from ginseng root-rot suppressive soil was able to antagonize Fusarium solani causing ginseng root-rot by their antibiotic substance. In order to develop multifunctional antagonist on Bacillus sp. YBL-7 as a biocontrol agent against Fusarium salam', optimal conditions for protoplast transformation system of Bacillus sp.YBL-7 by the vector plasmid pE194 were investigated. The protoplasts of Bacillus sp. YBL-7 were obtained at best efficiency by treatment with 200${\mu}g$/ml of lysozyme in the pH 7.0 of SMM buffer for 90 minutes at $40^{\circ}C$. The cell wall of the protoplast was regenerated on the agar plate containing 1.2% agar and 0.7 M mannitol. Under the best condition for protoplast formation and regeneration, the optimal transformation was achieved with 40% polyethylene glycol (M.W. 4000) treatment for 10minutes. The vector plasmid pE194 showed the best transformation frequency at 5$\mu$g/ml of final concentration. The pE194 was very stable over 80% in the transformants.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 2017

The objective of this study was to evaluate the characteristic of adsorption by using a meso-porous adsorbent (MPA), and investigate the removal efficiency of geosmin which taste and odor causing compounds in drinking water supplies through batch test. The results for the adsorption isotherm was analyzed by using the Langmuir equation and Freundlich equation, generally being applied. And the study showed that the both Langmuir and Freundlich equation explains the results better. Both of pseudo-first-order model and pseudo-second-order model were respectively applied for evaluation of kinetic sorption property of geosmin onto MPA. The adsorption experiment results using MPA showed that maximum adsorption capacity of MPA was lower 7 times than that of GAC, and adsorption rate of MPA was faster 11 times than that of GAC, on the basis of pseudo-first-order model. Therefore, it was determined that MPA was effectively able to remove geosmin in drinking water supplies in short EBCT condition, but regeneration cycle in MAP process was shorter than that in conventional process.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.119-137
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• 2020

Over the last two decades, the attitudes to cars have changed from buying a car to sharing a car, especially among young people. Shared transport services and autonomous vehicles together can resolve the accessibility issue of shared transport services. Furthermore, they will make it possible to develop a new model of apartments without car parking. Therefore, the study estimated the demand for car sharing by young people and the running efficiency of car-sharing dealing with their car-based trip demand. The study chose nine apartment complexes for study sites where a majority of the residents were young people. The questionnaire survey was conducted to collect data on the trip demands of young people. The results showed that there are significant differences in the car-sharing use patterns and demand between the apartment houses located in the Capital region and non-capital region. Young people living in apartments in the Capital region used car sharing once per day per person for approximately 80 minutes per trip and tended to hire that between 8 AM and 10 AM. On the other hand, the young people living in apartments in the non-capital region used car sharing twice per day per person for approximately 200 minutes per trip. They tended to hire that frequently in the afternoon and evening as well as in the morning. The results also showed that a single car-sharing vehicle could deal with 3~4 trips per day in the Capital region and around 2 trips per day in the non-capital region.