• 한국임상보건과학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1478-1485
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• 2021

Purpose. To analysis of astigmatism in Korean adults from 20 to 29 years old. Methods. From January 2019 to February 2020, one hundred two subjects were performed in refraction test using the Auto-Refractometry. Results. In the type of astigmatism based on refractive error, the male's right eye was 4.26% simple myopic astigmatism and 95.74% complex myopic astigmatism, and the left eye was 2.22% simple myopic astigmatism and 97.78% complex myopic astigmatism. However, in the female's right eye, simple myopic astigmatism was 2.27%, complex myopic astigmatism was 97.73%, and left eye was simple myopic astigmatism was 2.17%, complex myopic astigmatism was 97.83%. The types of astigmatism in men and women similar to other. The mean refractive astigmatism values were -0.922±-0.798 diopter and -0.877±-0.707 diopter for male right and left eye, and -0.765±-0.599 diopter and -0.853±-0.586 diopter for female. On the other hand, the refraction values of the right and left eyes of men and women have statistical significance(p=0.000). The mean power comparative between refractive astigmatism and corneal astigmatism power were -0.186±-0.745 diopter, -1.091±-0.589 diopter in male and -1.140±-0.593 diopter, -1.140±-0.534 diopter in female. Therefore, the mean power values of the refractive astigmatism and corneal astigmatism of men and women were statistical significance(p=0.000). At the 0.75 diopter or more, which can have clinical symptoms of astigmatism power, males have 60.86% and 72.09% of the right and left eyes, and females have 47,64% and 60.10% of the right and left eyes. At 0.75 diopter or more, which can have clinical symptoms of corneal astigmatism power, males have 68.75% and 74% of the right and left eyes, and females have 86.50% and 82.35% of the right and left eyes. In the type of astigmatism axis, both men and women had a high frequency of the rule astigmatism. However, men had a high frequency of against-the-rule astigmatism and women showed a high frequency of oblique astigmatism. Conclusions. In this study, the complex myopic astigmatism and with-the rule astigmatism was the most common of all subjects. However, there was a statistical significance between right and left eyes of all subjects. The corneal astigmatism was higher refractive values in both males and females than refractive astigmatism. This study suggests that the analysis of the astigmatism can provide the useful diagnosis information for the correction of visual acuity.

• 한국임상보건과학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

Purpose. To analysis the prevalence of the myopia and corneal astigmatism in Korea women university students. Methods. From August 2011 to December 2012, one hundreds subjects were performed in refraction test using the Auto-Keratometry. Results. The mean age of the 100 subjects (200 eyes) was $21.23{\pm}2.34$. The mean spherical refractive power was -$1.78{\pm}1.65$(OD) and -$1.83{\pm}1.67$(OS) Diopter. The mean astigmatism power was $1.22{\pm}0.96$ (OD) and $1.27{\pm}0.91$ (OS). The mean corneal astigmatism was $1.44{\pm}0.81$(OD) and $1.55{\pm}0.93$(OS). Corneal astigmatism was between 0.25 D and 1.25 D in 67.7% of eyes, 1.25 D or higher in 27.5% eyes, and less than 0.25 D in 4.8% of eyes. Astigmatism was with the rule in 65%, against the rule in 31.5%, and oblique in 3.5%. There was a statistical significance between right eye and left eye in the spherical equivalent power(p=0.002). Also there was a statistical significance between spherical power and refractive astigmatism in OD(p=0.006) and OS(0.003) and a statistical significance between corneal astigmatism and refractive astigmatism in OS(p=0.0003). However, there was not a statistical significance between spherical power and corneal astigmatism in OD(p=0.08) and OS(0.1) and a statistical significance between corneal astigmatism and refractive astigmatism in OS(p=0.48). Conclusions. In this study, these results suggested that the analysis of the refractive myopia and corneal astigmatism can provide the visual correct and useful diagnosis information for the eyewear dispensing, contact lens fitting and corneal refraction surgery.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.439-446
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• 2004

근시의 발생 및 증가의 원인이 지속적인 망막의 흐린 상에 의한다는 것이 여러 연구를 통해 알려져 왔다. 실제 임상에서는 미교정 난시가 망막의 흐린 상을 유발하는 한 가지 원인이 될 수 있다. 난시와 굴절이상도와의 관계를 알아보기 위해 87명의 대학생을 대상으로 N-vision 5001 자동굴절검안기(Shinnippon)를 이용하여 굴절이상도를 측정하였다. 직난시와 사난시의 그룹에서는 구면굴절이상도와 난시의 상관계수와 통계값은 각각 r=0.53 (ANOVA F=32.40, N=87, P<0.05)과 r=0.53(ANOVA F=5.14, N=15, P<0.001)으로 난시도수의 증가와 함께 굴절이상도수가 증가하지만 도난시와의 상관계수는 r=0.09 (ANOVA F=0.18, N=22, P<0.001)로 구면굴절이상도와 난시와의 상관관계는 미미한 것을 나타났다. 그룹 전체의 난시도수와 굴절 이상도는 각각의 그룹의 상관도 보다 높게 나타났다(r=0.56: ANOVA F=77.80, N=173, P<0.001) 그룹 전체에서 난시도수와 굴절이상도의 상관관계가 유의적 수준에서 높게 나타나는 것으로 보아 미교정 난시가 구면굴절이상의 발생 및 증가에 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단된다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제12권12호
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• pp.485-490
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• 2014

등가구면 굴절력에 따른 각막굴절력과 각막난시도, 각막 난시 축의 변화도 분석을 통하여 굴절이상의 원인을 알아보고자 하였다. 20세 이상의 성인 100명을 대상으로 2014년 1월부터 2014년 7월까지 KR-8800을 이용하여 등가구면 굴절력, 각막굴절력, 각막난시도를 측정하였다. 등가구면 굴절력은 $-3.01{\pm}3.79D$로. 각막 굴절력은 $43.79{\pm}1.60D$로, 각막 난시도는 $-1.17{\pm}0.79D$로 측정되었다. 전체 대상자의 등가구면 굴절력 중 근시안은 61%, 정시안은 22%, 원시안은 17%이며, 각막난시가 0.75D 이상은 63%로 나타났으며, 직난시는 84.13%, 도난시는 9.52% 순으로 나타났다. 등가구면 굴절력은 원시에서 근시로 진행함에 따라 각막굴절력이 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며, 유의한 상관성이 있는 것으로 나타났다(r=-0.25, p=0.01). 성인에 있어서 굴절이상의 원인은 각막 굴절력과 유의한 상관성이 있고, 굴절이상의 대부분은 근시이며 굴절이상도가 더 커질수록 각막 굴절력이 steep 해지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이것이 굴절이상 원인이 될 수 있음을 인식하고 올바른 시기능 관리가 필요 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국임상보건과학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.203-208
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• 2014

Purpose. To analysis the refractive error in 7-9 year-old Korea children. Methods. From July 2013 to June 2014, two hundred eighty two subjects were performed in refraction test using the Auto-Refractometry. Results. The refractive error by spherical equivalent among all subjects was myopia 47.58%, emmetropia 42.35%, astigmatism 32.33%, and hyperopia 8.76%. Myopia was more common in female than males although the difference was not statically significant. The axis of astigmatism was with the rule in 65%, against the rule in 31.5%, and oblique in 3.5% There was a statistical significance between 7 year and 9 year of male in the spherical equivalent power(p=0.010). Also there was a statistical significance between 7 years and 9 years of female in the spherical equivalent power(p=0.036). However, there was not a statistical significance between male and female in spherical equivalent power(p>0.5). Conclusions. In this study, myopia was the most common refractive error. On the other hand, The prevalence of the axis of astigmatism was the with- the- rule. The spherical equivalent of refractive error was similar results between male and female. However The refractive error was different style with aging. these data suggested that the analysis of the refractive error at young children can provide the information of useful diagnosis for the correction of visual acuity.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.391-396
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• 2004

약시를 예방하기위해서는 조기발견과 치료가 매우 중요하다. 따라서 굴절성 또는 부동시성 약시를 가진 3세에서 12세에 이르는 39명의 환아를 대상으로 굴절이상 정도와 종류, 그리고 난시와 약시와의 관계에 대해서 연구하였다. 39안의 약시중에서 35안에서 난시가 있었는데 그 중 대부분인 30안에 직난시가 있었다. 난시도는 0.5D-6.5D의 분포를 보였는데 약시에서 난시도는 초기교정시력과 최종교정시력에 영향을 주지 않는 결과를 보였다.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.85-89
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• 2003

구면 RGP 렌즈는 렌즈 후면과 각막 사이에 눈물이 일정한 두께를 형성하면서 뛰어난 난시교정효과를 나타낸다. 이러한 RGP 렌즈의 난시교정 효과를 체계적으로 연구하여 임상 구면 RGP 렌즈처방에 활용하고자 렌즈착용 전후의 전체난시량 변화 각막난시량의 변화, 잔여난시 변화를 비교, 분석하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 구면 RGP 렌즈의 교정 전 후 전체난시량이 2.00D 이하에서는 교정이 거의 모두 이루어졌으나, 전체 난시량이 2.50D 이상에서 미교정된 상태를 보였으며, 특히 3.00D 이상에서는 난시 교정효과가 급격히 감소되는 것으로 나타났다. 2. 구면 RGP 렌즈의 교정 전 후 각막난시량은 2.50D 이하에서 약도의 저교정 상태로 나타났으나, 3.00D이상에서는 전체난시와 마찬가지로 난시 교정효과가 감소되는 것으로 나타났다. 3. 구면 RGP 렌즈 처방시 잔여난시량은 그대로 발현하는 것이 아니고, 잔여난시 도수가 일정부분 감소하여 전체난시 상태로 나타났다.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.173-178
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• 2013

목적: 본 연구에서는 최초 안경착용자의 나안시력을 이용하여 그에 따른 굴절이상량을 예측하고자 하였다. 방법: 안과병원을 내원한 886명을 대상으로 자각굴절검사는 현성굴절검사(M.R)와 조절마비굴절검사(C.R)를 같이 실시하였으며, 타각적굴절검사는 자동굴절계를 이용하였다. 나안시력 검사와 교정시력은 시험렌즈와 한천석시력표를 이용하여 실시하였다. 결과: 나안시력과 굴절이상의 상관성은 근시안이 r=0.774로 가장 높게 나타났으며 원시안 r=0.670, 단성직난시 r=0.623, 단성난시 r=0.604, 단성도난시 r=0.508 순서로 나타났다. 결론: 굴절이상과 난시 종류에 따라 나안시력과 굴절이상의 예측에 차이가 있었다.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.121-129
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• 2006

굴절이상의 분포는 인종, 교육수준, 연령, 성별 그리고 사회 경제적 요인에 따라 상당히 다양함을 보여주고 있으며, 특히 각 나라마다 그 유병률이 다르게 나타나고 있어 아시아의 경우 서양보다 더 높은 유병률을 보이고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 안질환이 없는 넓은 범위의 연령대를 대상으로 하여 성별, 연령별 굴절상태를 비교분석함으로써 굴절이상의 분포를 보았다. 연구대상자는 960명을 대상으로 하였으며, 굴절이상은 자동안굴절력계를 사용하였다. 연구결과 정시안은 29%이며, 비정시안 중 근시는 67% 원시는 4%로 나타났다. 난시는 22%로 나타났으며, 단순난시는 1%에 불과하였고 복합난시가 99%를 차지하였다. 굴절이상 유병률은 연령에 따라 현저한 분포변화를 보여주었으며, 성별에 따라서도 차이가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 난시의 종류로는 단순난시는 1%에 불과하였고, 혼합난시는 없었으며, 복합난시가 99%를 차지하였다. 난시를 난시축에 따라 분류한 결과, 직난시가 우안 36.6%, 좌안 31.8%, 도난시가 우안 20.7%, 죄안 10.0%, 사난시가 우안 42.7%, 죄안 58.1%로 나타났다.

• 한국임상보건과학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.808-815
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• 2017

Purpose. To analyze the refractive status between urban and rural regions, of children in Korea, in the age group of 13. Methods. From October 2016 to January 2017, forty subjects( 20 male subjects, 20 female subjects; 13 years) were performed in refraction test using the Auto-Refraction. Myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and anisometropia were defined as spherical equivalent(SE)${\leq}-0.50$ diopters, SE ${\geq}+1.00D$, cylinder error ${\geq}0.75D$ and SE difference${\geq}1.00D$ between binocular eyes, respectively. Results. The refractive error by spherical equivalent among all subjects was myopia 76.25%, astigmatism 35%, emmetropia 16.25%, anisometropia 8.75%, and hyperopia 5%. The prevalence of myopia and astigmatism were much more common in urban than rural region although the difference was not statically significant. Emmetropia and astigmatism were much more common in rural region than urban although the difference was not statically significant. The prevalence of spherical equivalent was much common from -1.00 diopter to -4.00 diopter. On the other hand, the prevalence of myopia was much more than hyperopia. There was a statistical significance between OD and OS of rural region in the spherical equivalent power(p<.000). Also, There was a statistical significance between OD and OS of urban region in the spherical equivalent power(p<.004). Therefore, there was a significant statistical similarity between urban and rural regions on the OD and OS in the spherical equivalent power. On the other hand, There was a significant statistical similarity between urban and rural regions of the OD and OS in the astigmatism power(p<0.000). However, in the rural and urban regions there was not statistical significance in the OD and OS concerning the spherical equivalent power and astigmatism power (p>0.1). Conclusions. Myopia was the most common refractive error in Korea young children. while hyperopia was few. There was not a statistical significance as age between rural and urban at spherical equivalent power( P> 0.01). These results suggested that the analysis of the refractive status at young children can give the useful diagnosis data for the correction of visual acuity.