• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.104-107
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• 1999

Tracking control of an arbitrary reference has been discussed for 7Th order 2-input 2-output non-minimum phase EGR/VGT diesel engines. To meet strict emission regulations and customer demands, the desired set points, the air-fuel ratio and the ERG flow fraction, determined from a static engine data based on engine speed and the desired fueling rate are transformed into the set points for the two sensor measurement outputs. Applying the sliding mode tracking control theory proposed by Jeong and Utkin, two step design was carried out using the bounded solution of an unstable zero dynamics for the given reference signals. This paper shows through simulations how stabilization of unstable zero dynamics and reference tracking can be accomplished simultaneously.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.39-52
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• 1995

There are numerous mapping, charting, geodetic systems and electronic digital products defined in various local geodetic datum. It becomes a straight forward requirement to simplify the complexity by referencing all the products to a common reference globally. WGS-84 is well known as a state-of-the-art global reference system based on the use of data, techniques and technology available within American Defence Mapping Agency(DMA). Its parameters can be translated into more accurate maps, charts and geodetic positioning compared to others previously. Since Global Positioning System(GPS/NAVSTAR), which is asssociated with World Geodetic System(WGS-84)in reference frame, has been widely used, the unified geodetic system has been required for GPS users in many fields.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2006.11b
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• pp.322-327
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• 2006

Banwol bridge with steel plate girder and Pyongtaek bridge with PSC bos girder have been operated maintenance measuring system by the Seoul-Chonan of Kyongbu express railway. By analyzing the theoretical and experimental values of design load for these two bridge, the establishment of reference maintenance for measuring items was deduced from research. Two materials, steel and concrete plates, were considered as the upper structure. Actual measurement data for the behavior under speed, structural analysis results, and the presented references were analyzed and used to set up the reference establishment. The measuring items are stress(strain), displacement, dynamic acceleration, expansion movement, and dynamic frequency. The maintenance reference was established by comparing analytical and measuring values of the five items with respect to structural state class.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.40-48
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• 2009

Counterfeiting is a fast growing market worldwide. The purposes of this study were to examine adolescents' attitudes toward counterfeits, their ethical beliefs, and reference group influence on purchasing counterfeits. Two hundred thirteen high school students in Seoul and subside, South Korea, voluntarily participated in the study. As the results, approximately 30% of the adolescents had purchased counterfeits. Also, the adolescent buyers of counterfeits tended to purchase counterfeit goods as more alternative of genuine products than non-buyers, and did have more positive feeling toward counterfeits than non-buyers of counterfeits. In addition, adolescent buyers of counterfeits had lower consumer ethics than non-buyers. Finally, adolescents who have purchased counterfeits were more influenced by their peer group than those who have not. The findings would benefit marketers and educators in understanding of adolescents' purchasing counterfeit products, and contribute to develop strategies regarding counterfeits. Based on these results, some strategies for marketers and educators would be suggested.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.77-84
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine family factors affecting compulsive buying behavior. Three hundred fifty-five female college students who had purchased fashion products through Internet shopping or TV home shopping participated in this study. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, t-test, multiple regression, and reliability test. As the results, approximately 18% of respondents were revealed as compulsive buyers. Compulsive consumption scores were correlated to higher previous childhood consumption experience, family matters, parents' compulsive consumption tendency, and reference group. Also, results of multiple regression revealed that previous childhood consumption experience, parents' compulsive consumption tendency, and reference group were significantly related to compulsive buying, Finally, there were significantly differences between compulsive buyers and non-compulsive buyers on previous childhood consumption experiences, parents' compulsive consumption tendency, and reference group. Based on these results, this study would provide significant implications to academic scholars, consumer policy decision makers, and marketers.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.625-630
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• 1986

In this paper, an adaptive observer based upon the exponentially weighted least-square method is implemented in the design of a model reference adaptive controller for an unknown time-invariant discrete single-input single-output linear plant. The adaptive observer estimates the padrameter vectors and initial state vector. The control input is determined so that the output of the plant converges to the output of the stable model reference.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• fall
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• pp.41-44
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• 2021

In this paper, we propose an efficient reference-based compression artifact reduction network for 360-degree images in an equi-rectangular projection (ERP) domain. In our insight, conventional image restoration methods cannot be applied straightforwardly to 360-degree images due to the spherical distortion. To address this problem, we propose an adaptive disparity estimator using a deformable convolution to exploit correlation among 360-degree images. With the help of the proposed convolution, the disparity estimator establishes the spatial correspondence successfully between the ERPs and extract matched textures to be used for image restoration. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm provides reliable high-quality textures from the reference and improves the quality of the restored image as compared to the state-of-the-art single image restoration methods.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.77-92
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• 2003

A set of standard triaxial testing was performed to identify underlying physical processes and inherent limitations in the determination of critical state parameters in sandy soils. The experimental test results showed that the critical state friction angle for a given soil is constant regardless of drainage condition while the critical state line on the e-log p'space is significantly affected by drainage condition mainly because of insufficient strain attained in standard triaxial tests and strain localization effects in udrained tests. It appeared that the best method to determine critical state parameters in laboratory testing is to use homogeneous loose specimens under drained shear condition. In addition, a reference state parameter was suggested to design tests that will avoid dilatancy or strain localization effects in drained tests.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2000.06d
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• pp.77-80
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• 2000

In this paper, the speaker-recognition process based on both DTW and discrete HMM was performed using the method to evaluate state-dependent parameter weighting from training data so as the personal audio-characteristics are to be well reflected. In the suggested method below, we found the optimal state sequence using the Viterbi algorithm. The optimal path could be evaluated after comparing the sequence of base pattern which already have, with that of the other patterns. After that the frame of which the pattern was matched with the base pattern in the same state are to be found so that the reference pattern can be gained by weighting on the numbers of matched frames.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1991.11a
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• pp.223-226
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• 1991

In this paper, the problem of designing on adaptive controller for dc drives using state observers, which is operated under varying load conditions, is addressed. A robust self-tuning controller that can track a constant reference and reject constant load disturbances is also studied. This scheme is very attractive since the estimates of system parameters are available in real time. Parameter estimation is based on the recursive least squares method and the control algorithm of the pole placement technique. Also, state observer systems are applied. State observer systems are required to estimate the states quickly and exactly without being affected by the disturbances.