• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.34 no.6_3
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• pp.1427-1443
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• 2018

Object-based image analysis (OBIA) allows higher computation efficiency and usability of information inherent in the image, as it reduces the complexity of the image while maintaining the image properties. Superpixel methods oversegment the image with a smaller image unit than an ordinary object segment and well preserve the edges of the image. SLIC (Simple linear iterative clustering) is known for outperforming the previous superpixel methods with high image segmentation quality. Although the input parameter for SLIC, number of superpixels has considerable influence on image segmentation results, impact analysis for SLIC parameter has not been investigated enough. In this study, we performed optimal parameter analysis and evaluation of change detection for SLIC-based superpixel techniques using KOMPSAT data. Forsuperpixel generation, three superpixel methods (SLIC; SLIC0, zero parameter version of SLIC; SNIC, simple non-iterative clustering) were used with superpixel sizes in ranges of $5{\times}5$ (pixels) to $50{\times}50$ (pixels). Then, the image segmentation results were analyzed for how well they preserve the edges of the change detection reference data. Based on the optimal parameter analysis, image segmentation boundaries were obtained from difference image of the bi-temporal images. Then, DBSCAN (Density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise) was applied to cluster the superpixels to a certain size of objects for change detection. The changes of features were detected for each superpixel and compared with reference data for evaluation. From the change detection results, it proved that better change detection can be achieved even with bigger superpixel size if the superpixels were generated with high regularity of size and shape.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.21-34
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• 2021

Considering the role of roads in cities and the purpose of the Road Name Address Act, it is natural that the road name of the address is registered as the nearest road section adjacent to the building. Therefore, the Enforcement Decree of the Road Name Address Act also stipulates that mayor assign building numbers based on the basic numbers of road sections adjacent to the main entrances of buildings. However, there were cases where addresses are given from distant roads rather than adjacent roads among the actual road name addresses. Most of them are caused by misinterpretation of the case where the entrance faces more than one road. In this study, institutional and systematic improvement plans were proposed with the aim of enabling accurate selection of address information reference objects by demonstrating the limitations of the current building numbering method and presenting institutional improvement plans. Road name addresses were implemented for the core purpose of improving the inconvenience of locating the lot number address. Although some still complained of the inconvenience of road name addresses, successful settlement was possible because of the intuitive principle that most countries around the world could use it and find buildings along the road. Therefore, the system and system improvement should be made quickly in terms of accurate address information quality management and revitalization of related industries.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.933-940
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• 2017

The modern society is changing paradigm by the 4th industrial revolution. In these changes, the importance of geospatial information leading to the fusion and connection of persons and objects is increasing day by day. GNSS CORS(Continuously Operating Reference Station) plays a pivotal role in the geospatial information by providing basic data for surveying control points, mapping, navigation, geophysical research, and so on. On the other hand, the satellite surveying technologies are developing rapidly and it is necessary to investigate the status of the satellite surveying environment and search for future directions. In this study, the environment related to satellite survey by operation status of domestic and overseas CORS(Continuously Operating Reference Station) was tried to analyze. Through the research, The operation status of NGII and IGS CORS were presented. It was found that the availability ratio of multiple satellites to the CORS of NGII are lower than that of IGS CORS. Considering the improvement of positioning performance by using multiple GNSS, it is necessary to use multi-satellites in the future.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.295-302
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• 2014

Essential to the establishment of such 3D spatial information are the laser scanning technology to obtain high-precision 3D point group data and the photography-metric camera to obtain high-resolution multispectral image information. The photography-metric camera, however, lacks in usability for its broad scope of utilization due to the high purchase price, difficult purchase channel, and low applicability. This study thus set out to investigate a technique to establish multi-dimensional ortho-image data with a single lens reflex digital camera of high speed and easy accessibility for general users. That is, the study remodeled a single lens reflex digital camera and calibrated the remodeled camera to establish 3D multispectral image information, which is the essential data of 3D spatial information. Multi-dimensional ortho-image data were collected by surveying the reference points for stereo photos, taking multispectral shots of the objects, and converting them into ortho-images.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.405-414
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• 2014

It is very important to IT users that the Cloud service provides dynamic extension of IT resources and cost-saving. However, the reliability for Cloud service hinders utilizing Cloud service actively. Existing studies on assessment program for Cloud Service are executed by extracting information security assessment articles and adding features of cloud services by referencing ISO/IEC 27001:2005. This paper will review the recently released ISO/IEC 27001:2013 for the addition, reduction, and changing of articles for Controls and Control objectives. Comparative analysis for the Controls of ISO/IEC 27001:2013 with those of CSA CCMv.3, FedRAMP which is an assessment program for Cloud service will suggest Control Objects of Information Security Management System for related Cloud service. The suggestion of Controls will be an important reference index for the security policy of companies which manage the information security management system based on Cloud service.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.93-101
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• 2020

Background: For performing various movements well, cooperation between the muscles around the scapula and shoulder has been emphasized. Taping has been widely used clinically as a helpful adjunct to other physiotherapy methods for shoulder pathology and dysfunction treatment. Previous studies have evaluated the effect of taping techniques using dynamic tapes on shoulder function and pain. However, no study investigated the electromyographic (EMG) changes in the shoulder muscles. Objects: This study aimed to investigate the effect of the upper limb offload taping technique using a dynamic tape on EMG activities of the upper trapezius (UT), lower trapezius, serratus anterior (SA), and middle deltoid (MD) muscles during scaption plane elevation. Methods: A total of 26 healthy subjects (19.85 ± 6.40 years, male = 20) volunteered to participate in this study. The subjects were instructed to perform scaption elevation with and without dynamic taping on the shoulder. Shoulder elevation strength tests were performed at 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25%, for the maximal isometric contraction force. Results: There were statistically significant interaction effects between the taping application and shoulder scaption elevation force in EMG activities in the UT (p < 0.05) and MD (p < 0.05). EMG activities in the UT showed significant increases in 50%RVC (reference voluntary contraction, p < 0.05) and 25%RVC (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the EMG activity of the SA significantly increased in 50%RVC (p < 0.01) and 25%RVC (p < 0.01) after dynamic taping. For the MD, the EMG activity level significantly decreased in 100%RVC (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These results indicated that upper limb offload dynamic taping application affects the muscle activities of some shoulder muscles depending on different scaption elevation strength levels. Therefore, we suggest that the upper limb offload dynamic taping can be applied to the shoulders when patients need middle deltoid inhibition or upper trapezius facilitation, such as patients with shoulder impingement syndrome.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.182-185
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• 2005

Satellite cameras are calibrated before launch in detail and in general, but it cannot be guaranteed that the geometry is not changing during launch and caused by thermal influence of the sun in the orbit. Modem satellite imaging systems are based on CCD-line sensors. Because of the required high sampling rate the length of used CCD-lines is limited. For reaching a sufficient swath width, some CCD-lines are combined to a longer virtual CCD-line. The images generated by the individual CCD-lines do overlap slightly and so they can be shifted in x- and y-direction in relation to a chosen reference image just based on tie points. For the alignment and difference in scale, control points are required. The resulting virtual image has only negligible errors in areas with very large difference in height caused by the difference in the location of the projection centers. Color images can be related to the joint panchromatic scenes just based on tie points. Pan-sharpened images may show only small color shifts in very mountainous areas and for moving objects. The direct sensor orientation has to be calibrated based on control points. Discrepancies in horizontal shift can only be separated from attitude discrepancies with a good three-dimensional control point distribution. For such a calibration a program based on geometric reconstruction of the sensor orientation is required. The approximations by 3D-affine transformation or direct linear transformation (DL n cannot be used. These methods do have also disadvantages for standard sensor orientation. The image orientation by geometric reconstruction can be improved by self calibration with additional parameters for the analysis and compensation of remaining systematic effects for example caused by a not linear CCD-line. The determined sensor geometry can be used for the generation? of rational polynomial coefficients, describing the sensor geometry by relations of polynomials of the ground coordinates X, Y and Z.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.121-133
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• 2010

Objects : To establish directions to evidence-based medical interventions and diagnosis technology in oriental medicine, we did survey research among oriental medical doctors. Methods : Systematically-organized questionnaires were provided for survey. 105 Oriental medical doctors nationwide participated in the survey. We investigated diseases of their patients, differential diagnosis methods, frequently used medical interventions, needs for diagnosis devices, evidence-based clinical manuals, etc. Results : In oriental medical clinics, the most frequent patient class was patients with musculo-skeletal diseases. Oriental medical doctors assumed that the preparation of care solution for chronic life-style diseases was the most urgent. Dong-Eui-Bo-gam(東醫寶鑑) was the most frequently used reference for their herbal medication prescription. Fixed document for diagnosis and treatment were thought to be the most important in the developing evidence-based clinical manuals. Conclusions : Validity and reliability should be considered as very important in developing oriental diagnosis devices. Evidence-based clinical manuals are needed to build standardized document for diagnosis and treatment and to verify efficacy and safety of oriental medical diagnosis and treatment.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.43-57
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• 1996

The purpose of this research conducted has been an the development of a computer program to be used for nursing of spinal cord injury patients. The research is also intended to contribute by supplying the basic data, to the development of other programs in relevant areas where similar nursing information system is required. This research used System Development Life Cycle method. Results from the study were as follows : The scope of Information System in nursing practice were based on a wide range of mateials as charts at four hospitals in Pusan that cover the nursing period of spinal cord injury patients from admission to discharge and other sources of reference, the research is done for nursing diagnosis, nursing history, admission and discharge education, and the performing of doctor's order, which were divided into a subsystem that consisted of help, Patient Management, Performing of Docter's Order, and Basic Data Management and then these was analysed systematically using Hierachy Plus Input Process Output, necessary information, data flow diagram, and conceptual designs were developed for chosem system. Furthemore, the system has been programed by a conceptual design that includes the objects of the program and the origins of the sources. The oder to make sure of the proper function, the computer program was actually applied to a nursing practice that had been developed for a hypothetical situation through the two nurses who were in charge of spinal cord injury patients after they were trained to understand the structure and the contents of computer program about the nursing practice from using the computer program developed. Also, the compensatory strategy has been worked out against any problems to arise. It is expected that this kind of nursing practice information system to be used for the spinal cord injury patients that has been developed through the processes shown above will increase the satisfaction for both patients and nurses by enabling them to give more professional advice and service to the development of more information systems for many hospitals.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.5 no.2 s.6
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• pp.51-56
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• 1996

This paper deals with the restoration of ancient wooden bridge foundation which excavated in Seta river Shiga Prefecture, Japan. Shiga Archeological Research started a marine archeological investigation of the bridge foundation in 1987. The bridge foundation stricture excavated and have since then recovered about a lots of woods and another materials. The bridge foundation structure constructed log, timbers and stones. The species of those waterlogged wood were identified as two types, hardwood and softwood. Hardwood(log : Cyclobalanopsis) was used for below foundation and softwood (timber' Chamaecyparis obtusa Endl. Cupreessaceae) was used for base structure. One of those timber sample dated by dendrochronology, we asked Dr. Misutani*. The softwood gave a felling date of 567 A.D. In result, the ancient Seta bridge foundation structure had constructed between Asuka and Nara period. We healed the news that ancient bridge foundation excavated at Woljyongyo site in Kyongju, Korea 1987. The bridge foundation Setakarahashi is similar in plane and structure to Woljyongyo structures. The Woljyongyo site report had be of value for reference. We had planning to restore those woods. Hardwood log was got serious damage. The water content varies from 400 to $600\%$. The other timbers water content varies about $200\%$. In the Shiga Center for Archaeological Operations and the Azuchi Castle Archaeological Museum, we set up the PEG impregnation tank. Those wooden objects treated by PEG method. PEG with a molecular weight of 4000. The treatment results may be considered satisfactory. The ancient wooden Seta bridge was reconstructed in Biwako Museum which established in Oct. 1996. We must take care of indoor exhibition environments. (*Nara National Cultual Properties Research Institute).