• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.22-29
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• 2014

Many government agencies have used domestic deacidification equipments to stabilize archives; however, no agency has verified archives' current preservative status. We studied the Nara National Archives' documents that had treated by mass deacidification process from 2001 to 2012, in order to examine the documents' preservative status and how efficient the mass deacidification has been. Approximately 1% of total 112,970 Nara National Archives' documents treated by mass deacidification were randomly selected and evaluated on their current measure of acidity and color change. Regardless of the kinds of document material, a wide range of pH level was found. Especially those documents that were treated by mass deacidification equipment after 2006 showed acidic conditions that were less than pH 6.8 level. Those documents were probably not treated properly by deacidifying chemical because of tightly packing style. The current measures of acidity and color records will be useful as a reference for future evaluations of further decay of the documents. It was the first study to evaluate acidity and color conditions of Nara National Archives' documents treated by mass deacidification equipment. We concluded that when using mass deacidification equipment, archives should not be loaded tightly in order for them to be fully in contact with deacidifying chemical.

• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2009

The color reproduction of digital still camera does not, in general, match those of the final output device. Because color gamut of these devices is different, it is therefore necessary to take account of a way to match. The way uses the optimized profile to output device an image. This paper proposed a way to create the input profile of digital still camera for standardization soft proofing process. The results of proposed way showed that for input profiles equivalent, good results relatively. In this paper, an experiment was done where the illumination sources used as the standard illumination 5200K and illuminated at a $45^{\circ}$ angle in the best illumination efficiently. The white balance was in mode 'custom' : aperture F11, exposure time 1/60s, ISO50, focal length 80mm. The images were exported and saved as 16bit RGB TIFF(AdobeRGB, sRGB, ProphotoRGB) images. To do the test, the RGB values of the RGB TIFF images are processed through the ICC input profile to arrive at processed $CIEL^*a^*b^*$ values. A profiling tool such as ProfileMaker 5.0 and Monacoprofile 4.8 are used to do this. The processed $CIEL^*a^*b^*$ values are compared to the reference $CIEL^*a^*b^*$ values and these two values are used to calculate a ${\Delta}E{^*}_{ab}$.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.12
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• pp.159-167
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• 2013

In stereo-view system, variations of target camera position or lighting conditions cause discrepancies on the luminance and chrominance components of stereo views. These discrepancies lead to inaccurate frame view prediction and low quality of 3 D video coding. In this paper, an efficient histogram interval calibration method is proposed for stereo-view coding, so as to compensate for the luminance component of target view. First the proposed method is analyzed by the histogram of the target image frame. Then, it divide two sections of histogram of that frame to correct the color discrepancies. Secondly, each section of the target frame is corrected the luminance component by identify the maximum matching region between the reference frame and the target frame. We have verified our proposed histogram matching method in comparison with the other color correction ones. Experimental results show that it can correct better luminance calibration results of PSNR(Peak Signal to Noise Ratio) and has less computation time.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.15 no.1 s.66
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• pp.113-126
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• 2007

Since the ancient times, black has been the most valuable color. Also, it has played a more important role in a history of fashion than other colors. In general, black was regarded as a color of negative images. However, as people have recognized the aesthetic value of black color, they have expressed unique and various images of black through the medium of clothes. This studies on images of black dress for woman was based on reference to literatures and valid investigations. The images toward black clothing are categorized by study participants' perceptions according to age, marital status and education. The result was as followed. Dignity and modernity were the most frequently cited image of black dress among women followed by feminine, sorrow, sensuality, and abstinence. Age significantly affected the recognition of black dress images. Woman showed significant difference in recognizing dignity, modernity, sensuality, and sorrow in black dress according to their age. Woman more strongly recognize dignity and modernity in black dress when they are younger, while increasingly recognizing abstinence and sensuality in black dress as they become older. Marital status significantly affected woman's recognition of black dress. They showed meaningful difference in recognizing dignity, modernity, and abstinence in black color. In sum, single women recognized more easily dignity and modernity in black dress and less easily abstinence than married women. Women also showed the trend with relation to education level. In general, as women got higher education, they also increasingly recognized dignity and modernity in black dress.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.15 no.6 s.59
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• pp.19-26
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• 2006

This subject is about the research of Shanghai Art Deco in the aspect of architectural decoration and seek to offers an examination and analysis of the characteristics related to the Art Deco design, which appeared and dominated the field of design from 1910s to 1904s in Shanghai. Study method is a theoretical consideration of reference and gathering data through field trip. In order to carry out this subject, this study will research following factors. First, factors related to Art Deco such as the period of origin, background, spirit, aesthetics, design characteristics. This is followed by the influence of Art Deco movement begun in 1925. Second, the background of Shanghai Art Deco architecture style was studied. Third, the case studies of Shanghai Art Deco Architecture and interior decoration were researched by the expressive factors which were divided by style, form, material and color. As a result early style had compradore style about 1900, later reactionism prevailed of 1920 affected by European Art Deco. Skyscraper style was built and architecture developed with racial characteristics. It has vertical and streamline form of typical Art Deco and strengthen geometrical motive in architectural expression. It appeared naturally and has the contrast of different material in material expression. It has effect on strong color as using highborn and brilliant color in color expression. They appeared chinese national spirit by using 'ot painting' in western oriented furniture. The purpose of such an examination is to classify, understand and validate Shanghai artistic and socio-cultural heritage in order to better appreciate the life philosophy of Shanghai and re-discover their basic roots. Though it began as a Western cultural movement, it is the purpose of this study to discover the inherent orientalism in its basic formative spirit.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.5 no.9
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• pp.401-410
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• 2016

3D registration is a computer vision technique of aligning multi-view range images with respect to a reference coordinate system. Various 3D registration algorithms have been introduced in the past few decades. Iterative Closest Point (ICP) is one of the widely used 3D registration algorithms, where various modifications are available nowadays. In the ICP-based algorithms, the closest points are considered as the corresponding points. However, this assumption fails to find matching points accurately when the initial pose between point clouds is not sufficiently close. In this paper, we propose a new method to solve this problem using the 6D distance (3D color space and 3D Euclidean distances). Moreover, a color segmentation-based adaptive sampling technique is used to reduce the computational time and improve the registration accuracy. Several experiments are performed to evaluate the proposed method. Experimental results show that the proposed method yields better performance compared to the conventional methods.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.273-279
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• 2019

Safety sign panel has been used in construction sites to assure the safety of the workers. Such safety panel can be categorized as 4 different signals, such as prohibition, warning, indication, and information. Each of the categorized item must follow lawful which is specifically designated for its own purposes, on its color and the shape. However, the color and shape of the safety sign panels that have been used in construction sites are not found to follow the suggested lawful requirement, and such differences are originated from safety merchandise production company or vendor, and construction company. In this study, samples of safety sign panels were obtained from various construction sites in Republic of Korea then the colors of such samples were measured, analyzed, and compared. According to the results, colors of the safety sign panels were out of the lawful requirement due to the aging and surface contamination of the safety sign panel. Frequent maintenance on the safety sign panel is therefore necessary. In addition, steel panels that were used in the construction sites were found to be unsuitable to meet the lawful requirements. In order to the color requirements on safety sign panel, it is recommended for Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency to provide standard reference sample for each material used to produce safety sign panel, to distribute them to the producer and construction sites, and to supervise overall system.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.145-154
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• 2023

PURPOSE. The objective of this study was to investigate how internal structures influence the overall and marginal accuracy of full arch preparations fabricated through additive manufacturing in different printing systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A full-arch preparation digital model was set up with three internal designs, including solid, hollow, and grid. These were printed using three different resin printers with nine models in each group. After scanning, each data was imported into the 3D data processing software together with the master cast, aligned and trimmed, and then put into the 3D data analysis software again to compare the overall and marginal deviation whose results are expressed using root mean square values and color maps. To evaluate the trueness of the resin model, the test data and reference data were compared, and the precision was evaluated by comparing the test data sets. Color maps were observed for qualitative analysis. Data were statistically analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni method was used for post hoc comparison (α = .05). RESULTS. The influence of different internal structures on the accuracy of 3D printed resin models varied significantly (P < .05). Solid and grid models showed better accuracy, while the hollow model exhibited poor accuracy. The color maps show that the resin models have a tendency to shrink inwards. CONCLUSION. The internal structure design influences the accuracy of the 3D printing model, and the effect varies in different printing systems. Irrespective of the kind of printing system, the printing accuracy of hollow model was observed to be worse than those of solid and grid models.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.127-136
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• 2010

In multi-view video, illumination disharmony between neighboring views can occur on account of different location of each camera and imperfect camera calibration, and so on. Such discrepancy can be the cause of the performance decrease of multi-view video coding by mismatch of inter-view prediction which refer to the pictures obtained from the neighboring views at the same time. In this paper, we propose an efficient histogram-based prefiltering algorithm to compensate mismatches between the luminance and chrominance components in multi-view video for improving its coding efficiency. To compensate illumination variation efficiently, all camera frames of a multi-view sequence are adjusted to a predefined reference through the histogram matching. A Cosited filter that is used for chroma subsampling in many video encoding schemes is applied to each color component prior to histogram matching to improve its performance. The histogram matching is carried out in the RGB color space after color space converting from YCbCr color space. The effective color conversion skill that has respect to direction of edge and range of pixel value in an image is employed in the process. Experimental results show that the compression ratio for the proposed algorithm is improved comparing with other methods.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.258-262
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• 2016

The effect of zirconium dioxide ($ZrO_2$) on the properties of color conversion glasses was examined in the $BaO-ZnO-B_2O_3-SiO_2$ system. The difference in refractive index between glass and phosphor affect the optical properties of the color conversion glass because of light scattering. Reducing the difference in refractive index is a method to improve the luminous efficacy of color conversion glasses. As a reference, a type of glass that contains 25 mol% of each component was used. To increase the refractive index of the glass samples, the BaO content was increased from 25 to 40 mol%, and $ZrO_2$ was added at levels of 1, 3, and 5 mol%. Color conversion glasses were prepared by sintering a mixture of glass and 5 wt% $YAG:Ce^{3+}$ phosphor. As a result, the refractive index of the glass was found to be dependent on the BaO and $ZrO_2$ contents in the BaO-ZnO-$B_2O_3-SiO_2$ system. As the BaO and $ZrO_2$ contents were increased, the luminous efficacy of the color conversion glass was improved because the refractive index difference between the glass and the $YAG:Ce^{3+}$ phosphor decreased.