• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제69권2호
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• pp.108-114
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• 2010

Background: The aim was to estimate the differences between pulmonary disability grades according to the spirometry reference equations (the Korean equation and the Morris equation). Methods: Spirometry was performed on 16,916 male and 1,353 female special examination for pneumoconiosis, in the period of 2007~2009. Changes in predictive values for forced expiratory volume in one second ($FEV_1$), forced vital capacity (FVC) and $FEV_1$/FVC and in disability grade were evaluated using both equations. Results: Mean FVCs for men and women were 4,218.7 mL and 2,801.5 mL in predictive values after the application of the Korean equation, and 3,763.9 mL and 2,395.6 mL after the Morris equation, respectively. Compared with the Morris equation, the Korean equation showed 10.8% and 14.5% of excesses for men and women (p<0.001). Mean $FEV_1s$ for men and women were 3,102.5 mL and 2,107.1 mL in the Korean equation, and 2,667.8 mL and 1,699.6 mL in the Morris equation, respectively. Compared with the Morris equation, the Korean equation showed 14.0% and 19.3% of excesses for men and women (p<0.001). Men and women who showed the changes of disability grades using the Korean equation in place of the Morris equation were 23.9% (4,052/16,916) and 22.9% (311/1,353) on FVC, and 23.1% (3,913/16,916) and 10.7% (145/1,353) on $FEV_1$. Conclusion: Applying different reference equations for spirometry has resulted in changes for disability grades in special examination for pneumoconiosis.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2006년도 International Symposium on GPS/GNSS Vol.1
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• pp.171-174
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• 2006

A large number of service providers in countries all over the world have established GNSS reference station networks in the last years and are using network software today to provide a correction stream to the user as a routine service. In current GNSS network processing, all the geometric related information such as ionospheric free carrier phase ambiguities from all stations and satellites, tropospheric effects, orbit errors, receiver and satellite clock errors are estimated in one centralized Kalman filter. Although this approach provides an optimal solution to the estimation problem, however, the processing time increases cubically with the number of reference stations in the network. Until now one single Personal Computer with Pentium 3.06 GHz CPU can only process data from a network consisting of no more than 50 stations in real time. In order to process data for larger networks in real time and to lower the computational load, a federated filter approach can be considered. The main benefit of this approach is that each local filter runs with reduced number of states and the computation time for the whole system increases only linearly with the number of local sensors, thus significantly reduces the computational load compared to the centralized filter approach. This paper presents the technical aspect and performance analysis of the federated filter approach. Test results show that for a network of 100 reference stations, with the centralized approach, the network processing including ionospheric modeling and network ambiguity fixing needs approximately 60 hours to process 24 hours network data in a 3.06 GHz computer, which means it is impossible to run this network in real time. With the federated filter approach, only less than 1 hour is needed, 66 times faster than the centralized filter approach. The availability and reliability of network processing remain at the same high level.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2019

Background: Lead (Pb) exposure in shooting ranges has been reduced by various measures such as jacketed ammunition and lead-free primers. Nevertheless, this may lead to exposure to other metals, potentially resulting in adverse health effects. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 35 subjects from seven different shooting ranges were studied: four shooting instructors, 10 police officers, 15 Special Forces, and six maintenance staff members. Metals and metalloids were determined in blood and urine by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Results: The concentrations of most elements did not differ significantly between groups or compared to reference values, except for Sb and Pt in urine and Pb in blood. Mean values for Sb were considerably higher in urine from the Special Forces ($0.34{\mu}g/L$), the maintenance staff ($0.13{\mu}g/L$), and shooting instructors ($0.32{\mu}g/L$) compared to the police officers before shooting ($0.06{\mu}g/L$) and a Belgian reference value ($0.04{\mu}g/L$). For Pt, the Special Forces showed higher mean urinary concentrations ($0.078{\mu}g/L$) compared to a Belgian reference value (<$0.061{\mu}g/L$). Mean values for blood lead were markedly higher in the Special Forces ($3.9{\mu}g/dL$), maintenance staff ($5.7{\mu}g/dL$), and instructors ($11.7{\mu}g/dL$) compared to police officers ($1.4{\mu}g/dL$). One instructor exceeded the biological exposure index for blood Pb ($38.8{\mu}g/dL$). Conclusion: Since both Pb and Sb were found to be higher in shooting range employees, especially among frequent shooters, it is advisable to provide appropriate protective equipment, education, and medical follow-up for shooting range personnel in addition to careful choice of ammunition.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.31-42
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• 2022

본 연구의 목적은 한국과학기술정보연구원(이하 KISTI)에서 구축한 국가R&D보고서 데이터베이스의 참고문헌 데이터를 분석하여, 문제점을 도출하고 시스템 상의 구축 기술항목의 보완점을 찾는 것이다. 이를 위하여 KISTI DB에 등록된 국가R&D보고서의 참고문헌 기술 현황을 조사하고 현재 구축과정 및 지침, 유형, 항목 등의 구분의 작성 내용을 분석하였다. 이를 바탕으로 DB로 구축한 참고문헌 유형의 구분 결과에 대하여 적절성 및 정확성을 확인하였다. 그 결과 시스템으로 구축한 항목의 문제점과 구축 지침의 수정사항을 도출하였다. 이를 통해 데이터베이스 구축이 효율적으로 진행되도록 시스템 변경사항을 도출하여 데이터 품질이 향상될 것으로 기대된다. 또한 기술규정 표준화를 통하여 향후 제공할 수 있는 융합 서비스 방안에 대하여 후속 연구를 제안하였다.

• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.165-175
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• 2008

For an advanced intelligent service, the need of HRI technology has recently been increasing and the technology has been also improved. However, HRI components have been evaluated under stable and controlled laboratory environments and there are no evaluation results of performance in real environments. Therefore, robot service providers and users have not been getting sufficient information on the level of current HRI technology. In this paper, we provide the evaluation results of the performance of the HRI components on the robot platforms providing actual services in pilot service sites. For the evaluation, we select face detection component, speaker gender classification component and sound localization component as representative HRI components closing to the commercialization. The goal of this paper is to provide valuable information and reference performance on appling the HRI components to real robot environments.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국경영과학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.182-185
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• 2005

To survive in rapidly changing business environment, the enterprise should adapt its business process to the changing environment. The system integration is an important issue to tackle this challenge. It is unavoidable direction that SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) is accepted as an upcoming IT standard to support flexible business processes and integration. In this paper, SOA is introduced, and the Web services and ESB (Enterprise Service Bus) ate also introduced as a foundation technology to implement SOA-enabled solutions. The pilot project, which is introduced in this paper, will be a good reference for future SOA implementation.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제3권6호
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• pp.557-565
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• 2000

CORBA가 명세하는 객체참조 메커니즘인 이름 서비스와 트레이딩 서비스만으로는 MICS시스템이 요구하는 다양한 기능을 수용할 수 없으므로 추가적인 객체관리자의 구현이 필요하다 따라서 본 논문에서는 MICS 시스템에서 영상처리 객체의 부하와 결함과 관련된 실시간 정보를 이용한 부하분배와 결함허용을 제공하는 객체 참조서비스를 제공하며, 영상처리 객체의 관리와 사용자환경의 동적 구성을 지원할 수 있는 객체 관리자를 설계, 구현하였다. 제안된 객체관리자는 이질의 분산 환경에서 MICS시스템의 신뢰성과 확장성을 제공하여 클라이언트와 서버간의 고품질의 서비스를 제공한다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2015년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.603-606
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• 2015

The post-production of smart farming defines the stage that the final products are delivered from producer to consumers via market on ICT network. It deals with the process of product packaging and distribution from producer to consumer with marketing strategy. This focus on reference model for post-production service including specialization, centralization of product delivery, and just-in-time delivery, and marketing system on the network. It defines a significant function component on post-production stage. The producer plays a significant role in economy being one of the main contributors to the many customers. This articles suggest the effective product distribution service which requires delivering the right product, in the right quantity, in the right condition, to the right place, at the right time, for the right cost, and encompassing global marketing based on ICT network, will be provided[1].

• 한국정보시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보시스템학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 발표 논문집
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• pp.455-462
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• 2005

In order to succeed in today's changing business environment, the enterprise should adapt their process flexible. To increase their business process flexibility they need to establish and end-to-end integration internally as well as among partners. Now that SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) is accepted as an upcoming IT standard to support flexible business processes and integration. In this paper, SOA is introduced And the Web services and ESB (Enterprise Service Bus) are also introduced as a foundation technology to implement SOA-enabled solutions. The pilot project, which introduced in this paper, will be a good reference for future SOA study.

• 정보학연구
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.35-45
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• 2002

분산 시스템에서는 정보가 공중망을 통해 교환되므로 쉽게 도청되거나 또는 변경될 수 있다. 따라서 분산 시스템에서의 보안정책은 전송 중이거나 또는 단말기 내에서 정보를 보장할 수 있어야한다. 이 논문에서는 두 단말기 내에 각각 존재하는 두 AP(Application Process)들 사이의 통신은 Open System Interconnection(OSI-RM)을 위한 ISO Reference Model[2]에 따라 일어난다고 가정하였다. OSI 보안 services와 Biba 보안모델 사이에 관계를 만들어 내는데 Public Key Systems(PKSs)가 사용되었고, 대칭과 비대칭 cryptographic systems에서 어떻게 하면 key 분배가 최소화할 수 있는지에 대하여 연구되었다.