• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.2335-2340
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• 2009

This paper presents how to implement Markerless Augmented Reality and how to create and apply reference data sets. There are three parts related with implementation: setting camera, creation of reference data set, and tracking. To create effective reference data sets, we need a 3D model such as CAD model. It is also required to create reference data sets from various viewpoints. We extract the feature points from the mode1 image and then extract 3D positions corresponding to the feature points using ray tracking. These 2D/3D correspondence point sets constitute a reference data set of the model. Reference data sets are constructed for various viewpoints of the model. Fast tracking can be done using a reference data set the most frequently matched with feature points of the present frame and model data near the reference data set.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.390-401
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• 2014

ISO 15926 is an international standard for integration of lifecycle data for process plants including oil and gas facilities. From the viewpoint of information modeling, ISO 15926 Parts 2 provides the general data model that is designed to be used in conjunction with reference data. Reference data are standard instances that represent classes, objects, properties, and templates common to a number of users, process plants, or both. ISO 15926 Parts 4 and 7 provide the initial set of classes, objects, properties and the initial set of templates, respectively. User-defined reference data specific to companies or organizations are defined by inheriting from the initial reference data and the initial set of templates. In order to support the extension of reference data and templates, an editor that provides creation, deletion and modification functions of user-defined reference data is needed. In this study, an editor for reference data based on ISO 15926 was developed. Sample reference data were encoded in OWL (web ontology language) according to the specification of ISO 15926 Part 8. iRINGTools and dot15926Editor were benchmarked for the design of GUI (graphical user interface). Reference data search, creation, modification, and deletion functions were implemented with XML (extensible markup language) DOM (document object model), and SPARQL (SPARQL protocol and RDF query language).

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.49-65
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• 2018

Are the benefits derived from ICT based reference and information service worth the financial and other commitments devoted to it? In an attempt to answer this, this study delved into finding out the perceived benefits; the rational for ICT based reference services in Nigerian university libraries. The main objectives were to find out the purposes for using ICT facilities in reference services delivery and the perceived benefits derived from using ICT resources in reference and information services. Being a survey, questionnaire was used to collect data from the librarians of twelve (12) universities; two (2) each sampled from the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria. Data was analyzed using frequencies, mean scores and standard deviations. ANOVA statistical analysis was used to test the hypothesis of no significance difference in the benefits derived from ICT based reference services using p-value of 0.05 to calculate the level of significance. Findings showed that librarians and library users made use of ICT facilities for different reference purposes especially to obtain information they need using the internet. Other reference needs for which patrons used the ICT facilities included: - access to current e-books and e - journals, user education and access to global information in other libraries. Provision of current awareness services (CAS) and selective dissemination of information services (SDI), on-line searching using workstations in the library, provision of on-line public access catalogue (OPAC) services, keeping statistics of users of the reference section and compilation of bibliographies. Further findings showed that the librarians and library users derive a lot of benefits from their use of ICT facilities in reference services. The results showed that easy retrieval and dissemination of information to patrons were ranked highest by the librarians amongst others.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.204-207
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• 2009

This paper presents how to implement Markerless Augmented Reality and how to create and apply reference data sets. There are three parts related with implementation: setting camera, creation of reference data set, and tracking. To create effective reference data sets, we need a 3D model such as CAD model. It is also required to create reference data sets from various viewpoints. We extract the feature points from the model image and then extract 3D positions corresponding to the feature points using ray tracking. These 2D/3D correspondence point sets constitute a reference data set of the model. Reference data sets are constructed for various viewpoints of the model. Fast tracking can be done using a reference data set the most frequently matched with feature points of the present frame and model data near the reference data set.

• Entomological Research
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.390-399
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• 2018

In order to precisely assess gene expression levels, the suitable internal reference genes must be served to quantify real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) data. For armyworm, Mythimna separata, which reference genes are suitable for assessing the level of transcriptional expression of target genes have yet to be explored. In this study, eight common reference genes, including ${\beta}$-actin (${\beta}$-ACT), 18 s ribosomal (18S), 28S ribosomal (28S), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GAPDH), elongation fator-alpha ($EF1{\alpha}$), TATA box binding protein (TBP), ribosomal protein L7 (RPL7), and alpha-tubulin (${\alpha}$-TUB) that in different developmental stages, tissues and insecticide treatments of M. separata were evaluated. To further explore whether these genes were suitable to serve as endogenous controls, three software-based approaches (geNorm, BestKeeper, and NormFinder), the delta Ct method, and one web-based comprehensive tool (RefFinder) were employed to analyze and rank the tested genes. The optimal number of reference genes was determined using the geNorm program, and the suitability of particular reference genes was empirically validated according to normalized HSP70, and MsepCYP321A10 gene expression data. We found that the most suitable reference genes for the different experimental conditions. For developmental stages, 28S/RPL7 were the optimal reference genes, both $RPL7/EF1{\alpha}$ were suitable for experiments of different tissues, whereas for insecticide treatments, $28S/{\alpha}-TUB$ were suitable for normalizations of expression data. In addition, $28S/{\alpha}-TUB$ were the suitable reference genes because they have the most stable expression among different developmental stages, tissues and insecticide treatments. Our work is the first report on reference gene selection in M. separata, and might serve as a precedent for future gene expression studies.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.76.3-77
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• 2021

GMT secondary mirror system consists of 7 segmented adaptive mirrors. Each segment consists of a thin shell mirror, actuators and a reference body. The thin shell has a few millimeters of thickness so that it can be easily bent by push and pull force of actuators to compensate the wavefront disturbance of light due to air turbulence. The one end of actuator is supported by the reference body and the other end is adapted to this thin shell. One of critical role of the reference body is to provide the reference surface for the thin shell actuators. Therefore, the reference body is one of key components to succeed in development of GMT ASM. Recently, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS) and University of Arizona (UA) has signed a contract that they will cooperate to develop the first set of off-axis reference body for GMT ASM. This project started August 2021 and will be finished in Dec. 2022. The reference body has total 675 holes to accommodate actuators and 144 pockets for lightweighting. The rear surface has a curved rib shape with radius of curvature of 4387 mm with offset of 128.32mm. Since this reference body is placed just above the thin shell so that the front surface shape needs to be close to that of thin shell. The front surface has a concave off-axis asphere, of which radius of curvature is 4165.99 mm and off-axis distance is about 1088 mm. The material is Zerodur CTE class 1 (CTE=0.05 ppm/oC) from SCHOTT. All the actuator holes and pockets are machined normal to the front surface. It is a very complex challenging optical elements that involves sophisticated machining process as well as accurate metrology. After finishing the fabrication of reference body in KRISS, it will be shipped to UA for final touches and finally sent to Adoptica in Italy, in early 2023. This paper presets the development plan for the GMT ASM Reference Body and relevant fabrication and metrology plans.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.282-287
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• 2004

This paper proposes the nearfield eigenvector method for array shape estimation using reference signals basted on the nearfield signal modeling. Generally. direction finding methods assume the reference signals to be plainwave. However, in case of the reference signals in nearfield, this assumption is inadequate for array shape estimation. In this paper. the nearfield reference signals are modeled. and we propose the nearfield eigenvector method. The numerical experiments indicated that the proposed method shows good performance for array shape estimation regardless of the ranges of the reference signals.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.79-87
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• 1999

For its simplicity and cost effectiveness in implementation, the Inverted DGPS is well suited for some specific applications like automatic vehicle location systems, where the monitoring station needs accurate position of the vehicles in the street. In the Inverted DGPS, the user sends its GPS position and associated satellite informations to the reference station, and the corrections are made at the reference station to get differentially corrected user position. A fundamental requirement in IDGPS is that the user and the reference station must use the same satellites when the corrections are made. But in practice, it is not often satisfied. Inverted DGPS is also suffered from performance degradation as the baseline become large like DGPS. IDGPS system using multi-reference station can resolve this problem. In this paper a simple multi-reference IDGPS algorithm is proposed and some experiments and analysis are peformed. Experiment results show that IDGPS can achieve the positioning performance as accurate as the DGPS can provide.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.139-158
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• 1999

In this paper we present the development of CITIS(Contractor Integrated Technical Information Service) reference model system which can be utilized for electronic commerce among enterprises. For the physical analysis target model, we selected switching system businesses of Korea Telecom. From analysis of life-cycle business process and data, we derived CITIS reference model containing CITIS To-Be model and CITIS scenario. Derived CITIS reference model is generalized so that it can be used not only for switching system businesses but other business areas regarding CITIS implementation. On the base of the derived CITIS reference model, We also developed CITIS information management system and CITIS-support workflow system as CITIS reference model system. Developed CITIS reference model system supports information and business process sharing among enterprises on internet and it does make a contribution to expansion of CITIS which is moving from conceptual research towards real implementation phase.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.09a
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• pp.437-440
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 지문인식 시스템에 있어서 중간 단계인 Reference Point를 검출하는 방법을 제안하려고 한다. Reference Point는 지문 인식 방법들인 Minutiae 매칭 방법[1]과 Gabor filter를 사용한 Filterbank 방법[2]을 적용함에 있어서 feature를 추출할 때 사용되는 기준이 되는 Point이다. 그래서 동일인에 대해서는 항상 불변하고 정확한 위치를 찾아내는 정도가 지문 인식 시스템의 인식률에 크게 영향을 미치게 된다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 방법은 Gray Image에서 직접 Statistical한 방법을 사용하여 지문의 방향 분포를 구하고 이러한 방향 분포도로부터 얻어진 정보를 바탕으로 각 방향간의 거리를 측정하여 모든 방향 성분을 동일하게 유지하는 Reference Region을 찾게 된다. 이렇게 추출된 Reference Region내에서 SED(Statistical Equi-Distance)를 최대로 하는 좌표값을 Reference Point로 결정하게 된다.