• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.255-261
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examined the antioxidant activities by water and 70% ethanol extract from durian (Durio zibethinus.) seed, sarcocarp and peel. Durian extract were studied for reducing sugar content, polyphenol content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) like activity, electron donating ability, nitrite scavenging ability, flavonoid content, hydroxy radical scavenging activity. Reducing sugar content were increased peel > sarcocarp > seed. Total polyphenol, flavonoid content, DPPH radical scavenging ability and SOD like activity were increased seed > peel > sarcocarp. Total polyphenol content was relatively high as $21.90{\pm}0.50mg/g$ in the ethanol extract of the seed. DPPH radical scavenging ability was relatively high as $62.08{\pm}2.63%$ in the water extract of the seed. Nitrite scavenging ability was no significant difference. Hydroxy radical scavenging activity was increased seed > peel > sarcocarp, was relatively high as $58.27{\pm}1.13%$ in the water extract of the seed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.505-511
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant activity of Jeolpyeon containing lotus seed powder. Original Jeolpyeon and Jeolpyeon with BHT (butyl hydroxy toluene) werecompared. Antioxidant activities were measured based ontotal polyphenolic contents, total flavonoid contents, DPPH radicalscavenging activity, reducing power, and SOD-like activity. Total polyphenolic and total flavonoid contents of Jeolpyeon containing lotus seed powder were estimated at $37.81{\pm}0.45$ mg GAE/g and $26.35{\pm}0.13$ mg QE/g respectively. DPPH radical scavenging activity increased upon addition of lotus seed powder. Further, reducing power was higher in Jeolpyeon containing lotus seed powder than original Jeolpyeon or Jeolpyeon with BHT. The antioxidative effect of Jeolpyeon significantly increased uponaddition of lotus seed powder.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.133-140
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• 2019

Antioxidant activities of Ulmus davidiana root and bark extracts were evaluated by various antioxidant tests, including DPPH radical-scavenging, nitric oxide-scavenging, superoxide anion radical-scavenging, and ABTS radical-scavenging assays, and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity and reducing power analysis, along with the determination of total phenolic and flavonoid contents. Both the extracts showed strong antioxidant activities by these testing methods. Ulmus davidiana root extract possessed strong reducing power and nitric oxide-scavenging activity, and high scavenging activities against free radicals including the superoxide anion, and the ABTS and DPPH radicals, but a weaker scavenging activity of SOD. In contrast, the Ulmus davidiana bark extract exhibited a strong SOD-like activity, but all the other activities were weak. It was observed that the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the Ulmus davidiana root extract were higher than those of the Ulmus davidiana bark extract.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.313-323
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• 2022

To investigate antioxidant effects of tea tree root extracts using various extraction methods, cytotoxicity, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging, SOD, nitrite scavenging activity and inhibitory activity of lipid peroxidation, reducing power, ferrous ion chelating activity were measured. Cytotoxicity for RAW 264.7 cells was not observed at concentrations treated with below 90 ㎍/mL in all extracts. The maximum DPPH radical, nitrite scavenging, SOD activity and inhibitory activity of lipid peroxidation were obtained at the ethylacetate and 70% ethanol extract. The maximum ABTS radical scavenging activity was obtained at the ethylacetate and hot water extract. However, in the case of reducing power and ferrous ion chelating activity, they were obtained at 70% ethanol and hexane extract, respectively. Nitrate scavenging activity showed the most excellent scavenging ability of 59.6% at 90 ㎍/mL of ethylacetate. The hexane extract had the highest ferrous ion chelating activity, showing 61.05% at 50 ㎍/mL, 66.07% at 70 ㎍/mL and 76.81% at 90 ㎍/mL, respectively. The results of this research show that the ethylacetate and 70% ethanol extracts of tea tree root can be used as a natural material for scavenging the radicals. However, future study is necessary to understand the mechanism of antioxidant activity by identification of substances.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.437-440
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• 2006

To explore the possible usefulness of ${\beta}$-glucans as natural antioxidants, the antioxidant profiles of ${\beta}$-glucan, extracted from Saccharomyces cerevisiae KCTC 7911, and water soluble and insoluble mutant ${\beta}$-glucan, isolated from yeast mutant S. cerevisiae IS2, were examined by five different in vitro evaluation methods: lipid peroxidation value (POV), nitric oxide (NO), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, reducing power, and ${\beta}$-carotene diffusion assay. The antioxidant activities of all ${\beta}$-glucans evaluated in POV test were comparable to or better than that of the known antioxidant, vitamin C. Remarkably, the ${\beta}$-glucan and water insoluble mutant ${\beta}$-glucan possessed 2.5-fold more potent activity than vitamin C at a dosage of 2 mg. Although vitamin C showed 100-fold greater activity than all ${\beta}$-glucans in NO and DPPH tests for measuring the radical scavenging capacity, all ${\beta}$-glucans revealed higher radical scavenging activity than the known radical scavenger, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), in DPPH test. The water insoluble mutant ${\beta}$-glucan had 2.6- and 5-fold greater antioxidative activity than water soluble ${\beta}$-glucan in NO and DPPH tests, respectively, showing that all ${\beta}$-glucans were able to scavenge radicals such as NO or DPPH. While all ${\beta}$-glucans revealed lower antioxidant profiles than vitamin C in both reducing power activity and ${\beta}$-carotene agar diffusion assay, the ${\beta}$-glucan and water insoluble mutant ${\beta}$-glucan did show a marginal reducing power activity as well as a considerable ${\beta}$-carotene agar diffusion activity. These results confirmed the potential usefulness of these ${\beta}$-glucans as natural antioxidants.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.23-30
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• 2021

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activities and nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 macrophages in extract of Alisma orientale Juzep (EAOJ) and fermented extract (FAOJ) by Paenibacillus kribbensis AM49 (P. kribbensis AM49). Methods : The Alisma orientale Juzep was fermented with P. kribbensis AM49 at 37℃ for 72 hours. We measured total polyphenol and total flavonoid, DPPH radical scavenging activity, FRAP activity and reducing power by spectrometric assay in EAOJ and FAOJ at concentrations at 0.5, 1, 5, 10 mg/㎖. Positive control was used ascorbic acid. Furthermore, we examined effect of EAOJ and FAOJ on the cell viability and NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Results : The total polyphenol and total flavonoids content of FAOJ were increased 9.16 mg/g, 2.59 mg/g to 12.58 mg/g, 3.45 mg/g. DPPH radical scavenging activity, FRAP activity and reducing power were dose dependently increased according to the treatment concentration (0.5, 1, 5, 10 mg/㎖) of EAOJ and FAOJ. In particular, DPPH radical scavenging activity, FRAP activity of FAOJ was significantly increased at 5, 10 mg/㎖. Reducing power of FAOJ at 10 mg/㎖ was similar to ascorbic acid at 0.1 mg/㎖. In addition, the cell viability and NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages were significantly increased at the concentrations of 250, 500, 1000 ㎍/㎖. Conclusions : These results suggest that FAOJ by P. kribbensis AM49 has effects to antioxidant activity. In addition, the cell viability and NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages were significantly increased.

• Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.348-353
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• 2018

Objectives: This study was conducted to determine whether essential oils had anti-influenza A/WS/33 virus activity and whether there were specific compounds associated with this activity. Methods: There were 63 essential oils evaluated for anti-influenza (A/WS/33 virus) activity using a cytopathic effect reduction method. The chemical composition of the anti-influenza essential oils was phytochemically analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results: The antiviral assays demonstrated that 11 of the 62 essential oils ($100{\mu}g/mL$) possessed anti-influenza activity, reducing visible cytopathic effects of influenza A/WS/33 virus activity by > 30%. Furthermore, marjoram, clary sage and anise oils exhibited anti-influenza A/WS/33 virus activity of > 52.8%. However, oseltamivir (the anti-influenza A and B drug), showed cytotoxicity at the same concentration ($100{\mu}g/mL$) as the essential oils. The chemical composition detected by GC-MS analysis, differed amongst the 3 most potent anti-viral essential oils (marjoram, clary sage and anise oils) except for linalool, which was detected in all 3 essential oils. Conclusion: This study demonstrated anti-influenza activity in 11 essential oils tested, with marjoram, clary sage and anise essential oils being the most effective at reducing visible cytopathic effects of the A/WS/33 virus. All 3 oils contained linalool, suggesting that this may have anti-influenza activity. Further investigation is needed to characterize the antiviral activity of linalool against influenza A/WS/33 virus.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2006

This study was performed to determine antioxidative activity of solvent extracts from medicinal plant. As the result, methanol extract from Saurus chinensis Bail and Glycine soya exhibited superior free radical activity as well as reducing power. In particular, methanol extract from Saurus chinensis Bail showed high free radical activity with 130.08${\mu}g/mL$ as $IC_{50}$ value and strong reducing power at concentration of $400{\mu}g/mL$.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.567-573
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• 2005

This study aims to evaluate the antioxidative activities of cow-milk kefir and goat-milk kefir. Antioxidative mechanisms, including radical-scavenging effects, ferrous-ion chelating ability, reducing power and antioxidant activity, were investigated herein. Kefirs demonstrated significantly greater scavenging effects upon 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and superoxide radicals, an inhibition effect upon linoleic-acid peroxidation, and more substantial reducing power, but reduced glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity than was the case for milks. There was no significant difference between milks and kefirs as regards ferrous-ion chelating ability and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. These findings have demonstrated that kefirs possess antioxidant activity, thereby suggesting that kefirs are potential candidates for the role of useful natural antioxidant supplements for the human diet.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.75-81
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the physiological activity of acai berry (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) extracts from three different solvents (water, methanol, and ethanol). We measured total polyphenol and total flavonoid content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, nitrite scavenging activity, metal chelating effect, and reducing power. The extraction yield from water, methanol, and ethanol was 17.10, 9.50, and 37.51%, respectively. The highest total polyphenol content (10.54 mg/100 g) and total flavonoid contents (1.88 mg/100 g) was observed in water extract. DPPH radical scavenging activity was the highest in both water extract (72.03%) and methanol extract (74.79%) at levels of 5 mg/mL, which was similar to that of BHT (78.90%). Water extract yielded the highest metal chelating effect (92.54%) and reducing power (1.09) at levels of 5 mg/mL. Taken together, these findings suggest that extracts of acai berry can be used as functional food materials with antioxidative and nitrite scavenging activities.