• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.628-635
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the changes in the physicochemical properties of Peucedanum japonicum Thunb. after blanching. After blanching treatment, the crude protein content decreased but did not affect the crude fat, crude ash and carbohydrate contents of P. japonicum. All the detected free sugar contents decreased after blanching, but the total free sugar content decreased by 14.8% from that of the raw P. japonicum after blanching. The total amino acid and essential amino acid contents of the blanched P. japonicum. decreased by 10.75% and 15.22% from those of the raw P. japonicum. There were no differences in the contents of the total fatty acid between the raw and blanched P. japonicum. The total organic acid content decreased by 37.03% from that of the raw P. japonicum. after the blanching, and the reduction of the acetic acid was largest in the organic acid. The vitamin A, C and E contents decreased by 20.20%, 8.23% and 35.59% after the blanching. The total mineral content of the blanched P. japonicum. decreased by 21.84% after the blanching. The nutrients in the P. japonicum were essential amino acid, vitamin C, minerals, but these were reduced after the blanching. Therefore, the blanching conditions that can reduce nutrient loss of P. japonicum must be established.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.110-119
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• 2015

The construction of the eight large weirs in the Nakdong River, the second largest river in Korea, caused big changes in the physical environment of the water system. Algal communities and their correlations with environmental factors, mainly nutrients were studied at five weir areas in the Nakdong River from 2010 to 2013. Water quality, hydrodynamics and algal composition were investigated. Results showed that flow velocities were reduced compared with that before weir construction near the areas where are located in the mid and upstreams of the Nakdong River. A seasonal algal community succession was observed and it was mainly correlated with temperature and phosphorus. Diatoms were dominated from winter to spring months and massive diatomic blooms of Stephanodiscus sp. occurred early in March during survey period. Cyanobacterial blooms of Microcystis sp. occurred from July to September 2013 and was preceded by the lower total phosphorus concentration of $0.05mg\;L^{-1}$. The correlations between total phosphorus concentrations and algal abundances were not significant during the survey periods. However, significant correlation with cyanobacteria was found in the period of weir construction after only at the GG survey site and blooms periods of 7 times in the survey sites, and its correlation coefficients were 0.53 (p<0.001) and 0.42 (p<0.01) respectively. When algal bloom was observed, partially low nutrient concentration was observed in the Nakdong River. In conclusion, partially low nutrient concentration which may result from algal bloom was observed, and we presume it caused the reduction of algal abundunces.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.295-301
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• 2020

This research analyzed the relationship between environmental factors and the density of Sycios angulatus in the Miho Stream, Geum River water system in order to secure basic data for the control of the ecosystem-distrubing plant Sycios angulatus. As a result of the soil particle size analysis of Sycios angulatus habitat, it was found that the density of Sycios angulatus decreased as the silty and clay contents increased. Most of the Sycios angulatus habitats had high sandy and silt content, and low clay content of less than 2%. The increased flow rate reduced the density of Sicyos angulatus. This is because when the flow rate is increased, the Sicyos angulatus cannot grow due to the change in soil characteristics. Water quality plays a role in supplying nutrients when Sicyos angulatus are submerged. However, due to the change in soil characteristics during flooding, the density of Sicyos angulatus tended to decrease due to impaired growth. The Sicyos angulatus can be managed through artificial and natural techniques. The appropriate natural control technique is the creation of a natural waterway in the habitats to change the water contents.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 1992

In the our country, especially in Yeongil and Wolsung area, abundant authigenic zeolites are found from the tuffaceous sediments and volcanic rocks of Miocene age showing wide variation in their mineralogy and abundance from horizon to horizon. The principal zeolite species identified are clinopti-lolite. mordenite. heulandite. ferrierite, and erionite. etc. Zeolite minerals are widely used in many countries in the following applications; (a) in air separation adsorption processes; (b)as desiccants; (c)in inorganic building materials; (d)in papermaking; (e)in fertilizers; (f)as soilconditioners-this application is based upon the ability of the zeolite to ion exchange with soil nutrients; (g)in the treatment of radioactive wastes; and (h)as adsorbents for toxic gases, etc. In the present paper, using natural zeolite mordenite treated with IN hydrochloric acid or IN sodium chloride solution as column packings, separation characteristics of argon, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, and methane gases have been studied by gas chromatography. By the use of mordenite treated with hydrochloric acid solution, the tailing peak of methane showed from untreated mordenite was satisfactorily reduced, although it was difficult to separate it from carbon monoxide with a column activated at $300^{\circ}C$. Using a column activated at $350^{\circ}C$, methane could be separated from carbon monoxide easily but only carbon monoxide eluted as a bad defined peak. Mordenite treated with sodium chloride solution was generally similar to chromatograms obtained by using the untreated mordenite. Both the above chemical treatments of mordenite had little effect on the separations of argon and nitrogen. The separations and the HETP values obtained from natural zeolite mordenite treated with continuously hydrochloric acid and sodium chloride solutions were almost identical with those obtained with synthetic molecular sieve 5A zeolite. On the other hand, the efficiency of column was good in the range 20~3Oml/min of the carrier helium gas rate.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2010

Numerical study on coastal water quality management was conducted to examine the response of summer water quality to the flow into the sea of land based pollution load in Ulsan Bay, Korea The abatement of pollution load. from point sources of land was estimated on the basis of Korean coastal water quality standard using an ecosystem model. The results of the ecological model simulation showed that COD values in the inner part of the bay were greater than 280mg/L, and exceeded the grade III limit of Korean coastal water quality standard 30% of all land based pollution loads or organic and inorganic material loads from point sources should be cut down to keep the COD levels below 2mg/L. As environmental carrying capacity was estimated to be 7,193kgCOD/day to keep the COD levels below 2mg/L in Ulsan Bay, 3,083kgCOD/day of land based organic loads should be reduced. The phytoplankton blooms have occurred in the Teahwa river mouth or estuary repetitively, so it is important to control land based nutrients loads for removal of autochthonous organic loads around Ulsan Bay.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.1378-1383
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• 2012

To address the limitations of manufacturing noodle products using rice, brown rice noodles were created by the fermentation of brown rice containing several nutrients and the quality of these noodles were evaluated. White rice noodles, fermented white rice noodles, brown rice noodles, and fermented brown rice noodles were developed using white rice and brown rice, respectively. We found that the content of crude proteins present in the noodles during the fermentation process increased and the content of crude fat and carbohydrates in the noodles was reduced. In addition, the water content of brown rice noodles was twofold higher than that of white rice, although under fermentation conditions, the water content of brown rice noodles decreased slightly. A slight change of chromaticity was observed during the fermentation process. In cooking, the weight and volume of the noodles increased, with the change being lowest in noodles based on white rice. White rice-based noodles exhibited significantly higher turbidity in the cooked noodle soup, while other noodle products showed relatively constant turbidity. Most of the products showed a decreased texture, becoming soft with cooking; however, the elasticity of the cooked products increased. Our results suggest that the disadvantages of producing rice noodles can be overcome by the development of fermented brown rice noodles containing a variety of nutritional components. This would potentially develop a market for rice-based manufactured foods that appeal to modern preferences.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.166-176
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• 1996

This is a study through survey with the purpose of analysing of treatment cost for arthritis. Treatment cost can be devided Into two characteristics, one is the direct cost and the other is the indirect cost. Direct cost contains fees of medical treatment Including cost of self treatment & purchsing price of herb durg. On the other hand indirect cost means the using money of tansportation, lodging charge & labor-losing-time cost. For the succession of medical treatment of chronic diseases patients have to control themselves to go shopping around for the cure remeadies. And also it is important that the cost for unefficient or probably hamful folk remeadies should be reduced in order to distribute appropriatively the limited financial resources. As the result of this study, the fees for self treatment & herb drug are two times as much as those of regural medical treatment. Within the direct cost, there are the mean cost of regural medical treatment 59,630 won/mon., self-treatment 42,790 won/mon., and herb drug 78,380won/mon. therefore total mean direct cost is 180,800won per month. Moreover patients intermittently pay the cost of prostheses If folk remedies, these are added to the direct cost as above mentioned. Attributes of folk remedies are various from cure & analgesics to nutrients and their virtues as medicine are not clear in view of scientific knowledge. But 56% of arthritis patients have ever been experienced folk remedies. the cost for these remedies has wide ranges from 40,000 won to 1,000,000won. Total mean indirect cost including the transfortation fee, lodging charge & labor-losing-time cost has the range from 82,825won/month to 106,150won/month. Among these cost, labor-losing-time cost has a mojority because the waiting times are too long for seeing a doctor. In conclusion those patients having arthritis have a large burden against the treatment cost for continuous care. Therefore health professional should make effort to guide the patient to determine themselves informed choice about the treatment process.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 1988

A pot experiment was conducted to find out the effect of arsenic(As) added to soil on the number of roots, root diameter, root length and root tissue of the rice plant. The results obtained were as follows: Higher As levels in soil remarkably reduced not only the number of roots, root length and root diameter, but also the diameter of the central cylinder, the route of the water and inor ganic nutrients of the roots. When arsenic was treated in soil, abnormal cells in the cortex of rice root were developed and considerably increased with higher As levels in the soil. These were only observed in the middle and upper parts of root segments except root tips and they looked like rice roots without epidermis in shape. Therefore, the occurrence of the abnormal cells in the root was attributed to high arsenic accumulation in the root. Its mechanism is not clear. However, it is assumed that the abnormal cells had occurred to compensate for lower amount of water and inorganic nutrient absorption by the injured rice root or self-defense against the penetration of arsenic within the rice root.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.26-34
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• 2014

Due to the rapid energy consumption and fossil fuel abundance reduction, the world is progressively in need of alternative and renewable energy sources such as biodiesel. Biodiesel from microalgae offers high hopes to the scientific world for its potential as well as its non-competition with arable lands. Taking consideration to reduce the cost of production as well as to attain twin environmental goals of treatment and use of animal waste material the microalgal cultivation using piggery manure has been tested in this study. Unialgal strains such as Chlorella sp. JK2, Scenedesmus sp. JK10, and an indigenous mixed microalgal culture CSS were cultured for 20 days in diluted piggery manure using Small Scale Raceway Pond (SSRP). Biomass production and lipid productivity of CSS were $1.19{\pm}0.09gL^{-1}$, $12.44{\pm}0.38mgL^{-1}day^{-1}$, respectively and almost twice that of unialgal strains. Also, total nitrogen and total phosphorus removal efficiencies of CSS was 93.6% and 98.5% respectively and 30% higher removal efficiency compared to the use of unialgal strains. These results indicate that the piggery manure can provide microalgae necessary nitrogen and phosphorus for growth thereby effectively treating the manure. In addition, overall cost of microalgal cultivation and subsequently biodiesel production would be significantly reduced.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.3-12
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• 2001

This study conducted to Investigate the movement of fertilized nutrients in a volcanic ash soil in Jeju using by the pressure-vacuum soil water sampler. The percolated water to measure the ion concentration of leachates was taken from a lysimeter at depths of 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 cm in the soil in where a corn and potato were cultivated as a preceding and succeeding crop, respectively. Fertilizers of N-$P_2$O$_{5}$-$K_2$O were applied at the rate of 36-30-30 kg $10a^{-1}$ for the corn and 28-22-24 kg $10a^{-1}$ for the potato prior to planting of both crops. The highest concentrations of Cl , $NO_3$-N, $Ca^{+2}$ and $K^+$ in percolates were showed at 20cm and 40cm in soil depth at one month after fertilizing, and then gradually moved and reduced into below soil depths. At 5.5 months after fertilization, the concentrations in all soil depths were similar with the value of before fertilization. At depth of 120cm, the concentration of NO$_3$-N and the other cations in leachate was highest 1 to 1.5 months after fertilization. pH in percolated water was negatively correlated with NO$_3$-N concentration while the concentration of $NO_3$-N showed positive correlation between Cl, $Ca^{+2}$ and $Mg^{+2}$ concentrations. This result indicated that those cations can be leached out by accompanied with $NO_3$-N.