• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.17 no.1 s.34
• /
• pp.7-13
• /
• 1978

Experiments were conducted to study the integrated control of one of the major pests of citrus, the citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor). Studies were conducted in Seogwipo, Cheju Island, 1973-1976. Results obtained were: 1. The major peak of citrus red mite occurrence was mid-July to mid-August. 2. Standard field populations of citrus red mite were also high in September, October, and November. 3. A total of 10 species of natural enemies of citrus red mite were found. These included; Oligota yasumatusi Kistner, Anystis baccarum L., Hemerobiid sp., Semidalis albate E., Orius sp., Agistemus terminalis Q., 3 species of lady beetles (Coccinellidae), and one unidentified species of predacious mite. 4. Annual occurrence of citrus med mite tended to decrease in unsprayed fields, but increased in fields receiving standard treatments. 5. With fungicides, there was an increase in mite populations associated with use of Bordeaux mixture and copperpowder sprays. Streptomycin, however, did not effect on increase in mite numbers.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.288-300
• /
• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the association of social participation and depressive symptoms with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among older adults living in urban and rural areas. Methods: This secondary, cross-sectional study was conducted with a total of 66,765 adults aged ≥65 years (urban-26,485 and rural-40,280) who participated in the household and individual surveys of the Korea Community Health Survey 2019. Data on the main study variables including social participation, depressive symptoms, and HRQoL were collected from August 16 to October 31, 2019. Multiple linear regression was used to identify the factors affecting HRQoL in urban and rural older adults. Results: The proportion of social participation (χ²=354.69, p<.001) and the level of HRQoL (χ²=12.06, p<.001) were significantly higher in older adults living in urban area than those in rural area. However, there was no significant difference in depressive symptoms between older adults living in urban and rural areas. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that social participation and depressive symptoms were significant predictors of HRQoL in both urban and rural older adults. Conclusion: Our main finding highlights that active participation in social activities and management of depressive symptoms in older adults regardless of living arrangements are crucial to improve HRQoL in later life. Interventions to increase social participation include early assessment of depressive symptoms in the community to promote HRQoL. More longitudinal studies are needed to identify the factors associated with HRQoL between older adults living in urban and rural areas while considering neighborhood environment and living arrangements.

• ALGAE
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.289-301
• /
• 2016

Floating debris provides substrates for dispersal of organisms by ocean currents, including algae that thrive on plastics. The 2011 earthquake and tsunami in Tohuku, Japan resulted in large amounts of debris carried by the North Pacific Current to North America from 2012 to 2016. In 2015-2016, the plastics in the debris bore a complex biota including pink algal crusts. One sample (JAW4874) was isolated into culture and a three-gene phylogeny (psbA, rbcL, and SSU) indicated it was an unknown member of the red algal class Stylonematophyceae. It is a small pulvinate crust of radiating, branched, uniseriate filaments with cells containing a single centrally suspended nucleus and a single purple to pink, multi-lobed, parietal plastid lacking a pyrenoid. Cells can be released as spores that attach and germinate to form straight filaments by transverse apical cell divisions, and subsequent longitudinal and oblique intercalary divisions produce masses of lateral branches. This alga is named Tsunamia transpacifica gen. nov. et sp. nov. Sequencing of additional samples of red algal crusts on plastics revealed another undescribed Stylonematophycean species, suggesting that these algae may be frequent on drift oceanic plastics.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.53-59
• /
• 2009

This study was performed to investigate the taste composition and antioxidant properties of cheonggukjang containing Korean red ginseng (RGC), as compared to either general cheonggukjang (GC) or non-fermented boiled soybeans (BS). Amylase activity was the highest (576.7 unit/g) in RGC, whereas protease activity was the highest (326.0 unit/g) in GC. The total soluble sugar contents of BS, GC, and RGC were 2,027.5, 905.5, and 837.5 mg/100 g, respectively. RGC had the highest amount of total amino acids (2,127.4 mg/100 g) and essential amino acid (50.9%) among the samples. The ratio of sweet to bitter components was higher in RGC than in GC. Although the extracts of RGC had higher radical scavenging activity for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) than BS or GC, regardless of the extract concentration, the ethanol extract of RGC showed the highest scavenging ability (92.4%) at 2.0 mg/mL. The chloroform extracts from GC and RGC showed their greatest superoxide dimutase-like activities at 17.2 and 19.7% at a concentration of 2 mg/mL, respectively. Regardless of the samples, the nitrite scavenging ability was positively correlated to the extract concentration, and RGC had highest ability among samples under the same extract concentrations.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.44-59
• /
• 2001

The purposes of this study are to investigate perception and preference of Chinese college students for Korean Kimchi by a survey and sensory evaluation and to globalize and industrialize Kimchi in the world. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 588 students residing in Beijing. About 80% of all the participants knew what Kimchi was and 63.4% had eaten Kimchi before the survey . On thier first impression of Kimchi, 43.6% of respondents, answered the nationality of Kimchi is impression after eating Kimchi was 'good'. 51.4% of respondents, answered the nationality of Kimchi is 'Korea'. The most liked Kimchi is Baechu Kimchi, and they preferred the white stem of the Chinese cabbage. On their perception of Kimchi,'Kimchi is a good side dish with cooked rice' was totally received point. The most well-known cooking method of Kimchi turned out to be Kimchi Chigae. As the results of sensory evaluation on several types cabbage Kimchies at room temperature, the most preferred Kimchi by the students was two-day old and made out of 5g red pepper. And two-day old Kimchi lOg red pepper and 2g shangchai added was preferred, too. But the six-day old Kimchi was disliked. The two-day old Kimchi made out of lOg red pepper preserved in the refrigerator was the most-liked. The dishes using Kimchi as the main ingredient are listed according to the students preference as follows Kimchi Hundun, Kimchi Ddungchai, Kimchi Bokum, and Kimchi Ramen, and so on.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.451-456
• /
• 2013

Compound K is a major metabolite of ginsenoside Rb1, which has various pharmacological activities in vivo and in vitro. However, previous studies have focused on the pharmacokinetics of a single metabolite or the parent compound and have not described the pharmacokinetics of both compounds in humans. To investigate the pharmacokinetics of ginsenoside Rb1 and compound K, we performed an open-label, single-oral dose pharmacokinetic study using Korean Red Ginseng extract. We enrolled 10 healthy Korean male volunteers in this study. Serial blood samples were collected during 36 h after Korean Red Ginseng extract administration to determine plasma concentrations of ginsenoside Rb1 and compound K. The mean maximum plasma concentration of compound K was $8.35{\pm}3.19$ ng/mL, which was significantly higher than that of ginsenoside Rb1 ($3.94{\pm}1.97$ ng/mL). The half-life of compound K was 7 times shorter than that of ginsenoside Rb1. These results suggest that the pharmacokinetics, especially absorption, of compound K are not influenced by the pharmacokinetics of its parent compound, except the time to reach the maximum plasma concentration The delayed absorption of compound K support the evidence that the intestinal microflora play an important role in the transformation of ginsenoside Rb1 to compound K.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.873-879
• /
• 2005

Red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV) obtained from infected rock bream was propagated by Bluegill fry-2 (BF-2) cell culture. The virus titer was determined as $10^{5.5}\;TCID_{50}/ml$ on confluent BF-2 cell monolayers. The integrin binding site of ORF 055L of infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) was selected for the construction of a primer to obtain the RSIV ORF 055L gene. The genes were amplified using RSIV gene lyzate by PCR. The homologies of the ORF 055L sequence of RSIV with ISKNV and rock bream iridovirus (RBIV) were approximately $96\%$ and $100\%$, respectively. DNA vaccine was constructed by cloning the ORF 055L of RSN into pcDNA 3.1 (+), containing a cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter. For antibody production, pcDNA-055 DNA vaccine was injected to BALB/c mice. The production of antibodies against pcDNA-055 DNA vaccine was confirmed by the Western blot analysis. The antibodies produced by the pcDNA-055 DNA vaccine showed efficacy to neutralize the RSIV in the neutralization test in BF-2 cell culture.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.23-30
• /
• 1979

Fungi which produce red pigment were isolated from tapioca chips, Korean Koji, air, and plant leaves. Among the Fungi, T-1 strain was selected as test strain. This strain was identified as a Monatcus sp. by the morphological propeties. Various culture conditions, and physical and physiological characteristics of red pigment were studied. According to the studies of culture conditions, optimum condition was found to be pH 6.5; 4 days of incubation; temperature, 32~33 c: 3.5％ of Tapioca chips powder as carbon source, 0.2％ of sodium nitrate as nitrogen source and 100 ml of medium in the 500 ml Erlenmyer flask at a rotary shaker (rpm180) as aeration condition. Also effective levels of vitamins, amino acids and inorganic compounds was found to be l$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of folic acid and niacin; 0.3％ of L-arginine, L-glutamic acid and L-proline; and 0.001％ of manganese dioxide giving good results.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.47 no.1
• /
• pp.29-35
• /
• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of shattering habit and germination of offtype rice plants collected in Korea which were classified into seven groups based on grain characteristics. In the long-grain red rice group, the short-grain red rice group, the long-grain normal rice group, and the long-grain waxy rice group, the tensile strength of grain and primary rachis branch was relatively low and the fiber cell of the primary rachis branch was short. Characteristics of shattering-related traits and germination in relation to grain and esterase isozyme zymogram type of off-type rice plants. In most lines of the extremely late and sterile rice group, the tensile strength of grain was low, while that of primary rachis branch was high, and the fiber cell was long. However, in the type 1 esterase isozyme zymogram(EIZ) lines among the long-grain normal rice group and the type 6 and 5+6 EIZ plants among the extremely late and sterile rice group, the tensile strength of grain was relatively higher. The long-grain waxy rice group and the type 3 EIZ lines among the long-grain red rice group, showed higher germinability than did cultivars which are known to germinate well even in low-temperature. The other off-type rice group, except for the short-grain waxy rice group and type 1 and 7 EIZ lines among the long-grain normal rice group, had higher germination speed than that of the cultivars.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 1993

This experiment was conducted to select acid tolerant cells from red clover suspension culture and obtained following results. The most effective condition of plant growth regulators for suspension culture of red clover cells was 2 mg/l 2,4-D as auxin source plus 0.5 mg/l BAP as cytokinin source. Among serveral basal media, PC medium brought the best result. The most suitable EMS concentration for the mutated cells tolerant to acid was 1 % with fours treatment and average 27 colonies/plate were selected. The frequency of the occurence of mutants tolerant to acid in 1 % EMS with four hours treatment was 8.9 $\times$ 10$^{-5}$ which was 100 times larger than that of control. The total colonies selected initially were 176 but the survived colonies after two subcultures with 4 weeks interval in a selection medium were 44.